GAIT SPEED AS A PREDICTOR OF RESPIRATORY MUSCLE FUNCTION, STRENGTH, AND FRAILTY SYNDROME IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING ELDERLY PEOPLE

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
A.N. PARENTONI ◽  
V.A. MENDONÇA ◽  
K.D. DOS SANTOS ◽  
L.F. SÁ ◽  
F.O. FERREIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Multivariate Model ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Frailty Syndrome ◽  
Maximal Inspiratory Pressure

Background: Gait speed is considered a predictor of adverse health outcomes and functional decline in the elderly. This decline is also identified in respiratory muscles. Objective: To assess the impact of gait speed in maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal expiratory pressure, handgrip strength, and the different types of frailty syndrome in community-dwelling elderly people. Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants: Women (aged ≥ 65 years) were classified into different frailty phenotypes (n = 106). Measurements: Gait speed (10 m), handgrip strength (Jamar dynamometer), and maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures (GerAr manovacuometer, MV-150/300 model) were measured. Linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the influence of gait speed and age on handgrip strength, maximal inspiratory pressure, and maximal expiratory pressure. Logistic regression was performed to assess the influence of gait speed and frailty age (α = 0.05). Results: A total of 106 elderly women participated in the study (73.96 ± 6.91 years). Thirty-two subjects were not frail, 42 were pre-frail, and 32 were frail. Gait speed and age significantly predicted handgrip strength and frailty (p < 0.05). In the multivariate model, gait speed had the greatest contribution, while age lost statistical significance. Regarding maximal inspiratory and maximal expiratory pressures, gait speed and age were significant explanatory variables (p < 0.05). In the multivariate model, gait speed lost statistical significance to predict maximal inspiratory pressure. Conclusion: Gait speed was confirmed to be a predictor of some health outcomes, including respiratory muscle function. The results suggest that interventions to increase gait speed may contribute to improve respiratory function and muscle strength, and decrease the risk of frailty among elderly people

GAIT SPEED AND HANDGRIP STRENGTH AS PREDICTORS OF INCIDENT DISABILITY IN MEXICAN OLDER ADULTS

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
T. LOPEZ-TEROS ◽  
L.M. GUTIERREZ-ROBLEDO ◽  
M.U. PEREZ-ZEPEDA
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
One Year

Physical performance tests are associated with different adverse outcomes in older people. Theobjective of this study was to test the association between handgrip strength and gait speed with incidentdisability in community-dwelling, well-functioning, Mexican older adults (age ≥70 years). Incident disability wasdefined as the onset of any difficulty in basic or instrumental activities of daily living. Of a total of 133participants, 52.6% (n=70) experienced incident disability during one year of follow-up. Significant associationsof handgrip strength (odds ratio [OR] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.93-0.99) and gait speed (OR0.27, 95%CI 0.07-0.99) with incident disability were reported. The inclusion of covariates in the models reducedthe statistical significance of the associations without substantially modifying the magnitude of them. Handgripstrength and gait speed are independently associated with incident disability in Mexican older adults.

Association between Circulating Osteoprogenitor Cells and Sarcopenia

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al Saedi ◽  
Steven Phu ◽  
Sara Vogrin ◽  
Piumali Gunawardene ◽  
Gustavo Duque
Keyword(s):  
Gait Speed ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Circulating osteoprogenitor (COP) cells are a surrogate of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with high levels observed in osteoporosis and the initial stages of fracture healing. Conversely, a low percentage of COP cells (%COP) is strongly associated with frailty and disability. However, it is unknown whether %COP is associated with sarcopenia, a musculoskeletal disease closely related to frailty. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> This study sought to determine the associations between %COP and sarcopenia defined using the Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC) criteria. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data from a random sample of 73 community-dwelling older persons enrolled in the Nepean Osteoporosis and Frailty study (median age 74 years; 60% female) were analyzed. %COP was quantified by flow cytometry using selective gating of CD45/osteocalcin (OCN) + cells. Sarcopenia was defined using handgrip strength and gait speed with cut points as per the SDOC criteria. Linear regression was used for analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Sarcopenia was identified in 19% of participants, all of whom were frail. After adjusting for age, sex, and interleukin 6, sarcopenic participants had 36% lower %COP (95% confidence interval [CI] −56%, −6%, <i>p =</i> 0.024). Both grip strength and gait speed showed associations with %COP (<i>p =</i> 0.065 and 0.002, respectively); however, after adjusting for age and frailty, only gait speed remained associated with %COP (0.1 m/s increase in gait velocity was associated with a 5% increase in %COP cells (95% CI 0%, 10%, <i>p =</i> 0.052). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> High levels of %COP are associated with better muscle function. Future longitudinal studies are required to elucidate the clinical utility of %COP as a potential biomarker or disease stratifier for sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Instrumented Assessment of Physical Activity Is Associated With Muscle Function but Not With Muscle Mass in a General Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1462-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna G. M. Rojer ◽  
Esmee M. Reijnierse ◽  
Marijke C. Trappenburg ◽  
Rob C. van Lummel ◽  
Martijn Niessen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
General Population ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Middle Aged

Objectives: Self-reported physical activity has shown to affect muscle-related parameters. As self-report is likely biased, this study aimed to assess the association between instrumented assessment of physical activity (I-PA) and muscle-related parameters in a general population. Method: Included were 156 young-to-middle-aged and 80 older community-dwelling adults. Seven days of trunk accelerometry (DynaPort MoveMonitor, McRoberts B.V.) quantified daily physical activity (i.e., active/inactive duration, number and mean duration of active/inactive periods, and number of steps per day). Muscle-related parameters included muscle mass, handgrip strength, and gait speed. Results: I-PA was associated with handgrip strength in young-to-middle-aged adults and with gait speed in older adults. I-PA was not associated with muscle mass in either age group. Discussion: The association between I-PA and muscle-related parameters was age dependent. The lack of an association between I-PA and muscle mass indicates the relevance of muscle function rather than muscle mass.

OBESITY DEFINITIONS IN SARCOPENIC OBESITY: DIFFERENCES IN PREVALENCE, AGREEMENT AND ASSOCIATION WITH MUSCLE FUNCTION

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
E.Q. Khor ◽  
J.P. Lim ◽  
L. Tay ◽  
A. Yeo ◽  
S. Yew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Consensus Definition ◽  
The Impact

Background: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is associated with poorer physical performance in the elderly and will increase in relevance with population ageing and the obesity epidemic. The lack of a consensus definition for SO has resulted in variability in its reported prevalence, poor inter-definitional agreement, and disagreement on its impact on physical performance, impeding further development in the field. While sarcopenia definitions have been compared, the impact of obesity definitions in SO has been less well-studied. Objectives: To compare 3 widely-adopted definitions of obesity in terms of SO prevalence, inter-definitional agreement, and association with muscle function. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: GERILABS study, Singapore Participants: 200 community-dwelling, functionally-independent older adults. Measurements: We utilized three commonly-used definitions of obesity: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and DXA-derived fat mass percentage (FM%). Sarcopenia was defined using Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. For muscle function, we assessed handgrip strength, gait speed and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Subjects were classified into 4 body composition phenotypes (normal, obese, sarcopenic and SO), and outcomes were compared between groups. Results: The prevalence rate for SO was lowest for BMI (0.5%) compared to FM% (10.0%) and WC (10.5%). Inter-definitional agreement was lowest between BMI and WC (κ=0.364), and at best moderate between FM% and WC (κ=0.583). SO performed the worst amongst body composition phenotypes in handgrip strength, gait speed and SPPB (all p<0.01) only when defined using WC. In regression analyses, SO was associated with decreased SPPB scores (β=-0.261, p=0.001) only for the WC definition. Conclusion: There is large variation in the prevalence of SO across different obesity definitions, with low-to-moderate agreement between them. Our results corroborate recent evidence that WC, and thus central obesity, is best associated with poorer muscle function in SO. Thus, WC should be further explored in defining obesity for accurate and early characterization of SO among older adults in Asian populations.

scholarly journals Frailty Syndrome in Older Adults and Related Sociodemographic Factors in the North of Iran: A Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Frailty Syndrome ◽  
North Of Iran

Background: The global incidence rate of frailty syndrome among older adults aged 60 and over has been estimated to be 43.4 cases per 1000 persons/years. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pre-frailty and frailty syndromes in community-dwelling older adults and assess the correlated sociodemographic factors. Methods: All elderly people recruited in the second phase of the Amirkola Health and Ageing Cohort Project, including 2135 older adults aged ≥60 years living in Amirkola, North of Iran, were invited to participate in this study using the census method. The standard "FRAIL" scale was used to assess the frailty syndrome. The individuals who obtained a score of three or more and one or two were classified as frail and pre-frail cases, respectively. Results: Totally, 2010 older adults with a mean age of 70.41±7.65 years were included in this study. Out of them, 672 (33.4%; 95% CI: 31.37-35.50%) cases met the criteria for frailty syndrome, and 874 (43.5%) individuals were regarded as pre-frail. The prevalence of frailty was significantly higher in females (50.8%; 95% CI: 47.58-54.05%), compared to males (18.7%; 95% CI: 16.41-21.05%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age ≥85 (OR=7.27; 95% CI: 4.12-24.46) and female gender (OR=2.67; 95% CI: 2.30-9.95) had the highest effect on frailty in older adults. Conclusion: One out of every three elderly people (aged ≥60) in Amirkola, North of Iran, had frailty syndrome. Older age, female gender, lower education level, low level of satisfaction with income, marital status (single), living alone, and unemployment increased the risk of frailty in older adults.

scholarly journals Relationship between respiratory muscle strength and grip strength in institutionalized and community-dwelling older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliane de Faria Marcon ◽  
Ruth Caldeira de Melo ◽  
Francisco Luciano Pontes
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Maximal Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Maximal Expiratory Pressure ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between respiratory muscle strength and grip strength in institutionalized and community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study had 64 voluntary participants, and 33 were institutionalized and 31 lived in the community. Maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal expiratory pressure, peak expiratory flow, grip strength, anthropometric data, and physical activity level were assessed. RESULTS: In the institutionalized group, there was no correlation between respiratory variables and grip strength, but maximal expiratory pressure was the respiratory predictor most strongly associated with grip strength (p = 0.04). In the community-dwelling group, there was a correlation between maximal inspiratory pressure and grip strength (r = 0.54), maximal expiratory pressure and grip strength (r = 0.62), and peak expiratory flow and grip strength (r = 0.64); peak expiratory flow and maximal expiratory pressure were the respiratory predictors most strongly associated with grip strength (p < 0.05). In a joint group analysis, there was an association between maximal inspiratory pressure and grip strength (r = 0.40), maximal expiratory pressure and grip strength (r = 0.57), and peak expiratory flow and grip strength (r = 0.57); peak expiratory flow and maximal expiratory pressure were the respiratory predictors most strongly associated with grip strength (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Peak expiratory flow and maximal expiratory pressure seem to be good predictors of grip strength in community-dwelling older adults, but this relationship does not seem to be maintained in institutionalized patients, possibly because of a greater loss of respiratory function.

scholarly journals Circulating MicroRNA-486 and MicroRNA-146a Serve as Potential Biomarkers of Sarcopenia in the Elderly

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang-Chun Liu ◽  
Der‐Sheng Han ◽  
Chih-Chin Hsu ◽  
Jong-Shyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gait Speed ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Circulating Microrna ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Muscular Function

Abstract Background: Age-related sarcopenia meaningfully increases the risks of functional limitations and mortality in the elderly. Although circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) are associated with aging-related cellular senescence and inflammation, the relationships between c-miRNAs and sarcopenia in the elderly remain unclear. This study investigates whether circulating myo-miRNAs and inflammation-related miRNAs are associated with sarcopenia in the elderly. Methods: This investigation recruited 77 eligible subjects (41 males and 36 females) from 597 community-dwelling older adults, and then divided into normal (n=24), dynapenic (loss of muscular function without mass, n=35), and sarcopenic groups (loss of muscular function with mass, n=18). Moreover, myo- (c-miRNA-133a and c-miRNA-486) and inflammation- (c-miRNA-21 and c-miRNA-146a) related miRNAs, as well as, inflammatory-related cytokine and peroxide levels in plasma were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA, respectively. Results: Sarcopenic group exhibited lesser skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), handgrip strength, and gait speed, as well as, lower c-miR-486 and c-miR-146a levels, compared to those of normal and dynapenic groups. Moreover, c-miR-486 level was positively related to SMI (r=0.334, P=0.003), whereas c-miR-146a level was positively associated with SMI (r=0.240, P=0.035) and handgrip strength (r=0.253, P=0.027). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis for predicting sarcopenia, the area under the curve in c-miR-486 was 0.708 (95% confidence interval: 0.561-0.855, P=0.008) and c-miR-146a was 0.676 (95% CI: 0.551-0.801, P=0.024). However, no significant relationships were observed between SMI/handgrip strength/gait speed and plasma myeloperoxidase/interleukin-1𝛽/interleukin-6 levels. Conclusions: Myo-miRNA (c-miR-486) and inflammation-related miRNA (c-miR-146a) are superior to inflammatory peroxide/cytokines in plasma for serving as critical biomarkers of age-related sarcopenia.

Associations of Impaired Renal Function With Declines in Muscle Strength and Muscle Function in Older Men: Findings From the CHAMP Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1812-1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Toyama ◽  
Oliver van den Broek-Best ◽  
Toshiaki Ohkuma ◽  
David Handelsman ◽  
Louise M Waite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Physical Parameters

Abstract Background Advanced kidney disease is associated with reduced muscle strength and physical performance. However, associations between early stages of renal impairment and physical outcomes are unclear. Methods The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project is a prospective study of 1,705 community-dwelling men aged 70 years and older. Participants with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) more than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 were included and further divided into four eGFR categories. Physical parameters including grip strength, gait speed, appendicular lean mass (ALM, a sum of skeletal mass of arms and legs), ALM adjusted for body mass index (ALMBMI), and muscle function (measured using grip strength divided by arm lean mass) were assessed at both baseline and 5-year follow-up. Associations between kidney function and changes in physical parameters were analyzed using linear and logistic regression models. Results Our study included 789 men with a median age of 75 years and median eGFR of 72 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline. Over 5 years, grip strength, gait speed, ALMBMI, and muscle function all declined in the whole cohort, compared with baseline. The multivariable analyses showed that poorer renal function was associated with more rapid declines in grip strength, gait speed, and muscle function in participants with mild-to-moderate renal impairment (GFR category stage G3, eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) (p = .01, p < .01, p = .02, respectively) but less so in those with eGFR more than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, whereas eGFR category did not have a significant impact on declines in ALMBMI. These results remained unchanged with or without adjustment for age. Conclusions In community-dwelling older men, mild-to-moderate renal impairment at baseline was associated with declines in grip strength, gait speed, and muscle function over time despite preservation of muscle mass.

scholarly journals Relation between leg extension power and 30-s sit-to-stand muscle power in older adults: validation and translation to functional performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Alcazar ◽  
Rikke S. Kamper ◽  
Per Aagaard ◽  
Bryan Haddock ◽  
Eva Prescott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leg Extension Power

Abstract This study aimed to assess the validity and functional relevance of a standardized procedure to assess lower limb muscle power by means of the 30-s sit-to-stand (STS) test when compared to leg extension power (LEP), traditional STS performance and handgrip strength. A total of 628 community-dwelling older subjects (60–93 years) from the Copenhagen Sarcopenia Study were included. Physical performance was assessed by the 30-s STS and 10-m maximal gait speed tests. Handgrip strength and LEP were recorded by a hand-held dynamometer and the Nottingham power rig, respectively. STS muscle power was calculated using the subjects’ body mass and height, chair height and the number of repetitions completed in the 30-s STS test. We found a small albeit significant difference between LEP and unilateral STS power in older men (245.5 ± 88.8 vs. 223.4 ± 81.4 W; ES = 0.26; p < 0.05), but not in older women (135.9 ± 51.9 vs. 138.5 ± 49.6 W; ES = 0.05; p > 0.05). Notably, a large positive correlation was observed between both measures (r = 0.75; p < 0.001). Relative STS power was more strongly related with maximal gait speed than handgrip strength, repetition-based STS performance and relative LEP after adjusting for age (r = 0.53 vs 0.35–0.45; p < 0.05). In conclusion, STS power obtained from the 30-s STS test appeared to provide a valid measure of bilateral lower limb power and was more strongly related with physical performance than maximal handgrip strength, repetition-based STS performance and LEP.

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