INTEGRATING INFORMATION FROM FDG - AND AMYLOID PET FOR DETECTING DIFFERENT TYPES OF DEMENTIA IN OLDER PERSONS. A CASE-SERIES STUDY

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
L. Ruffini ◽  
F. Lauretani ◽  
M. Scarlattei ◽  
A. Ticinesi ◽  
T. Meschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Amyloid Plaque ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Amyloid Pet ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Case Series Study

A significant progress has been made in the understanding of the neurobiology of Alzheimer’s disease. The post-mortem studies are the gold standard for a correct histopathological diagnosis, contributing to clarify the correlation with cognitive, behavioral and extra-cognitive domains. However, the relationship between pathological staging and clinical involvement remains challenging. Neuroimaging, including positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance, could help to bridge the gap by providing in vivo information about disease staging. In the last decade, advances in the sensitivity of neuroimaging techniques have been described, in order to accurately distinguish AD from other causes of dementia. Fluorodeoxyglucose-traced PET (FDG-PET) is able to measure cerebral metabolic rates of glucose, a proxy for neuronal activity, theoretically allowing detection of AD. Many studies have shown that this technique could be used in early AD, where reduced metabolic activity correlates with disease progression and predicts histopathological diagnosis. More recently, molecular imaging has made possible to detect brain deposition of histopathology-confirmed neuritic β-amyloid plaques (Aβ) using PET. Although Aβ plaques are one of the defining pathological features of AD, elevated levels of Aβ can be detected with this technique also in older individuals without dementia. This raises doubts on the utility of Aβ PET to identify persons at high risk of developing AD. In the present case-series, we sought to combine metabolic information (from FDG-PET) and amyloid plaque load (from Aβ PET) in order to correctly distinguish AD from other forms of dementia. By selecting patients with Aβ PET + / FDG-PET + and Aβ PET – / FDG-PET +, we propose an integrated algorithm of clinical and molecular imaging information to better define type of dementia in older persons.

scholarly journals Use of remdesivir in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection among Sudanese patients: a case series

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Maysoun Yousif ◽  
Ghada Abd El-Raheem ◽  
Doaa Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
First Case ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Series Study

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting populations worldwide. Remdesivir is an anti-retroviral agent, with a broad spectrum of usage. Remdesivir usage against COVID-19 had been studied both in vitro and in vivo but is still considered a new treatment for COVID-19 and is not available in all countries. The aim of our study was to report several cases of the use of remdesivir in Sudanese patients and report the adverse events related to the course of treatment. Methods: A case series study was conducted in Imperial Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan reporting two cases who received remdesivir for treating COVID-19 besides other treatments such as steroids and supportive therapy in December 2020. Cases were males aged over 65 years. Cases presentation: Both patients were severe cases of COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), who received remdesivir for treating COVID-19 infection. Several side effects were reported: the first case had increased liver enzymes and then unexpectedly died from severe resistant hypotension; and hypoalbuminemia was noticed in the second case. Conclusions: Remdesivir use among patients in Sudan must be studied extensively in order to determine the unexpected fatal event and assess the association of this event to remdesivir use, as well as to report the frequency of the side effects.

Molekulare Bildgebung in der Diagnostik von Demenzen

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 725-732
Author(s):  
J. Kurth ◽  
I. Kilimann ◽  
B. J. Krause ◽  
S. Teipel
Keyword(s):  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Molekulare Bildgebung ◽  
Amyloid Pet ◽  
Klinische Befunde ◽  
Eine Hohe ◽  
Pet Tracer ◽  
Alzheimer Krankheit

ZusammenfassungDurch die Entwicklung molekularer Marker der zerebralen Amyloidablagerung in vivo hat die Positronenemissionstomografie (PET) eine zentrale Rolle für die Definition präklinischer und prädemenzieller Stadien der Alzheimer Krankheit erlangt. Darüber hinaus haben länger etablierte nuklearmedizinische Marker eine wichtige Funktion bei der Differenzial- und Frühdiagnose demenzieller Erkrankungen. Untersuchungen mit FDG-PET zeigen typische Muster eines kortikalen Hypo metabolismus, der die Ausprägung kognitiver Defizite in klinischen Verlauf prädiziert und eine hohe diagnostische Trennschärfe zwischen Frühstadien einer Alzheimer Krankheit und einer Erkrankung aus dem Formenkreis der frontotemporalen Lobärdegenerationen aufweist. Dopamin-PET, Dopamintransporter-SPECT und Dopaminrezeptor-Tracer für PET und SPET sind frühe Indikatoren einer extrapyramidalmotorischen Beteiligung beim Parkinson-Syndrom. Der Beitrag erläutert die technischen Grundlagen der Verfahren und wesentliche klinische Befunde sowie diagnostische Anwendungen aus monozentrischen und multizentrischen Studien für die Früh und Prädemenzdiagnostik. Besonderes Gewicht legen wir auf die klinische Frage, die ein molekularer Marker beantworten kann, und die methodischen und heuristischen Grenzen der Verfahren, die insbesondere gegen einen unkritischen Einsatz der demnächst klinisch verfügbaren Amyloid-PET-Tracer für das Screenen asymptomatischer Personen außerhalb klinischer Studien sprechen.

scholarly journals Preclinical Multimodal Molecular Imaging Using18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI in a Phase I Study of a Knee Osteoarthritis in In Vivo Canine Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 153601211769744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria I. Menendez ◽  
Bianca Hettlich ◽  
Lai Wei ◽  
Michael V. Knopp
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Phase I Study ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct ◽  
Ct And Mri

scholarly journals Equine grass sickness in italy: a case series study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laus Fulvio ◽  
Corsalini Jacopo ◽  
Mandara Maria Teresa ◽  
Bazzano Marilena ◽  
Bertoletti Alice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Grass Sickness ◽  
Case Series Study

Abstract Background Equine grass sickness (EGS) has been reported in several European and extra-European countries. Despite this, no scientific paper about clinical cases of EGS in Italy has been published. EGS is a disease affecting almost exclusively horses kept on pasture, characterized by clinical signs related to lesions in autonomic nervous system (ANS), particularly in the enteric nervous system (ENS). According to clinical presentation, acute, subacute and chornic syndromes can be observed, with various sympthoms including dullness, anorexia, dysphagia, drooling of saliva, tachycardia, ptosis, patchy sweating and muscle fasciculations. In horses affected by acute forms, mild to moderate abdominal pain and large volumes of nasogastric reflux can be observed. The etiology is still speculative and many hypothesis have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis. Case presentation The present study describes four cases of EGS (one subacute and three chronic forms) occurred in Central Italy during early spring. In all the cases included in the study, the prognosis was poor and the horses were euthanized. The diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination of ANS or ENS. In two cases, in vivo diagnosis was obtained by histological examination of enteric bioptic samples collected during laparoscopy. Conclusions EGS in Italy could be underdiagnosed and incidence understimated. Greater awareness should be applied in Italy for the inclusion of EGS in differential diagnosis for horses presenting clinical signs of abdominal pain associated or not with gastric reflux and muscular fasciculation. All the cases in this study concerned horses kept in the same pasture, confirming a possible premise-linked and management-linked factors on the ethiopathogenesis of EGS. The age of horses ranged from 2 to 6 years, that is consistent with the risk factor age for EGS (from 2 to 7 years of age). Previous suspected EGS diagnosis in the same livestock and recent cool dry weather were considered additional potential risk factors.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT CHALLENGE IN CHEST WALL NEOPLASMS

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (09) ◽  
pp. 1176-1180
Author(s):  
Niaz Hussain Soomro ◽  
Aneeqa Ahsan Zafar ◽  
Saifullah Baig ◽  
Guzel Maxood ◽  
Nisar Rao
Keyword(s):  
Chest Wall ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Chest Wall Tumor ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Case Series Study

Introduction: Chest wall neoplasms are rare and represent only about 5% ofall thoracic neoplasm. We present our 2 years analysis of the clinical features, presentation,diagnosis and treatment of chest wall neoplasms. Study design: Case series study. Place andduration of study: Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi,Pakistan from Nov 2012- Oct 2014. Methodology: Between 2012 and 2014, 39 patients with solidchest wall masses were enrolled in the study. Tumors were categorized as benign and malignant,including primary and secondary, after histopathological diagnosis with tissue biopsy. Data onpatients’ characteristics, symptoms, tumor type and management was recorded and analysed.Results: The study included 39 patients (20 males and 19 females) with age range 18-71years(mean 36.3). 21(53.8%) patients had benign chest wall tumors while 18(46.1%) patients hadmalignant tumors. Among malignant tumors, 14(77%) patients had primary malignancy whereas 4(22%) patients had chest wall tumor secondary to primary tumor elsewhere. Among these4, the primary tumor remained unknown in 1 patient. The most common benign solid lesionwas chest wal lesion lipoma in 8/21 patients (38%). Among malignant tumors, chondrosarcoma(4/14, 29%) was the most common. Conclusion: Preoperative needs careful assessment of thepatient, radiological imaging and histopathological examination for diagnosis of the tumor inthe chest wall. Using a multidisciplinary team approach, excellent results can be available withcomplete surgical resection, reconstruction of the chest wall and appropriate or neo adjuvanttreatment where necessary.

scholarly journals In-Vivo Staging of Regional Amyloid Progression In Healthy Middle Aged To Older People At Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fedor Levin ◽  
Irina Jelistratova ◽  
Tobey J. Betthauser ◽  
Ozioma Okonkwo ◽  
Sterling C. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Volume Effect ◽  
Amyloid Pet ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Preclinical Phase ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
Staging Model

Abstract Background We investigated regional amyloid staging characteristics in 11C-PiB-PET data from middle-aged to older participants at elevated risk for AD enrolled in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention. Methods We analyzed partial volume effect-corrected 11C-PiB-PET distribution volume ratio maps from 220 participants (mean age = 61.4y, range: 46.9-76.8y). Regional amyloid-positivity was established using region-specific thresholds. We used four stages from frequency-based staging of amyloid-positivity to characterize individual amyloid deposition. Longitudinal PET data was used to assess temporal progression of stages and to evaluate emergence of regional amyloid-positivity in participants who were amyloid-negative at baseline. We also assessed the effect of amyloid stage on longitudinal cognitive trajectories.Results The staging model suggested progressive accumulation of amyloid from associative to primary neocortex and gradually involving subcortical regions. Longitudinal PET measurements supported the cross-sectionally estimated amyloid progression. In mixed-effects longitudinal analysis of cognitive follow-up data obtained over an average period of 6.5 years following the baseline PET measurement, amyloid stage II showed a faster decline in executive function and advanced amyloid stages (III and IV) showed a faster decline across multiple cognitive domains compared to stage 0.Conclusions Overall, the 11C-PiB-PET-based staging model was generally consistent with previously derived models from 18F-labled amyloid PET scans and a longitudinal course of amyloid accumulation. Differences in longitudinal cognitive decline support the potential clinical utility of in-vivo amyloid staging for risk stratification of the preclinical phase of AD even in middle-aged to older individuals at risk for AD.

scholarly journals Use of Remdesivir in The Treatment of COVID-19 Infection Among Sudanese Patients - Case Series

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maysoun Ahmed Awad Yousif ◽  
Ghada Omer Hamad Abd El-Raheem ◽  
Doaa Salih Ibrahim Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Profound Hypotension ◽  
Series Study

Abstract Introduction: COVID-19 infection is a viral pandemic started in 2019, all societies have the susceptibility of getting infected. Remdesivir is an anti-retroviral agent, with a broad spectrum of activity. Remdesivir activity against COVID-19 had been studied in both in vitro and in vivo, but still considered new for COVID-19 treatment and not available in all countries. The aim of our study was to report the use of remdesivir among Sudanese population and report the adverse events related to the course of treatment. Methods: case series study was conducted in Imperial Hospital reporting the three cases who received Remdesivir for treating COVID-19 infection.Cases presentation: Three cases had received remdesivir for treating COVID-19 infection, side effects reported were elevated liver enzymes, profound hypotension and hypoalbuminemia. Discussion: All three patients were severe cases of COVID-19 admitted to the ICU. Unexpectedly, severe resistant hypotension was the cause of death in 2 cases who received remdesivir. Increased liver enzymes was noticed in one case. In the other hand, hypoalbuminemia was noticed in one case as well.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Association between In Vivo Corneal Morphogeometrical Changes and Keratoconus Eyes with Severe Visual Limitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Velázquez ◽  
F. Cavas ◽  
J. Alió del Barrio ◽  
D. G. Fernández-Pacheco ◽  
J. Alió
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Minimum Thickness ◽  
Severe Visual Loss ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Correlated Parameters

Assessing changes suffered by the cornea as keratoconus progresses has proven to be vital for this disease diagnosis and treatment. This study determines the corneal biometric profile in eyes considered as affected by keratoconus (KC) showing severe visual limitation, by means of in vivo 3D modelling techniques. This observational case series study evaluated new objective indices in 50 healthy and 30 KC corneas, following a validated protocol created by our research group, which has been previously used for diagnosis and characterization of KC in asymptomatic (preclinical) and mild visually impaired eyes. Results show a statistically significant reduction of corneal volume and an increase of total corneal area in the severe KC group, being anterior and posterior corneal surfaces minimum thickness points the best correlated parameters, although with no discrimination between groups. Receiving operator curves were used to determine sensitivity and specificity of selected indices, being anterior and posterior apex deviations the ones which reached the highest area under the curve, both with very high sensitivity (96.7% and 90%, respectively) and specificity (94.0% and 99.9%, respectively). The results suggest that once severe visual loss appears, anterior corneal topography should be considered for a more accurate diagnosis of clinical KC, being anterior apex deviation the key metric discriminant. This study can be a useful tool for KC classification, helping doctors in diagnosing severe cases of the disease, and can help to characterize corneal changes that appear when severe KC is developed and how they relate with vision deterioration.

scholarly journals Advances in Radiopharmaceutical Sciences for Vascular Inflammation Imaging: Focus on Clinical Applications

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7111
Author(s):  
Kevin Prigent ◽  
Jonathan Vigne
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
18F Fdg

Biomedical imaging technologies offer identification of several anatomic and molecular features of disease pathogenesis. Molecular imaging techniques to assess cellular processes in vivo have been useful in advancing our understanding of several vascular inflammatory diseases. For the non-invasive molecular imaging of vascular inflammation, nuclear medicine constitutes one of the best imaging modalities, thanks to its high sensitivity for the detection of probes in tissues. 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) is currently the most widely used radiopharmaceutical for molecular imaging of vascular inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and large-vessel vasculitis. The combination of [18F]FDG and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has become a powerful tool to identify and monitor non-invasively inflammatory activities over time but suffers from several limitations including a lack of specificity and avid background in different localizations. The use of novel radiotracers may help to better understand the underlying pathophysiological processes and overcome some limitations of [18F]FDG PET for the imaging of vascular inflammation. This review examines how [18F]FDG PET has given us deeper insight into the role of inflammation in different vascular pathologies progression and discusses perspectives for alternative radiopharmaceuticals that could provide a more specific and simple identification of pathologies where vascular inflammation is implicated. Use of these novel PET tracers could lead to a better understanding of underlying disease mechanisms and help inform the identification and stratification of patients for newly emerging immune-modulatory therapies. Future research is needed to realize the true clinical translational value of PET imaging in vascular inflammatory diseases.

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