scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance profile of local thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis isolated from Maysan province soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3921
Author(s):  
Shaima Banoon ◽  
Zahra Ali ◽  
Talal Salih
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Thermophilic Bacillus ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Diffusion Assay

The key concern for public health is that bacterial strains isolated from various ecosystems are immune to antibiotics used in human medicine, thus dramatically limiting therapeutic options and threatening the lives of infected people. The present study aims to reveal the antibiotics profile of fiftysix isolates of local thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis isolated from different environmental soil sites in Maysan city, Iraq. The antimicrobial agent resistance profile of B. licheniformis isolates was performed using the disc diffusion assay according to Kirby-Bauer susceptibility test protocol. The results showed that isolates were resistance against cefepime (n=56; 100%), amoxicillin (n=13; 23.3%) and ampicillin (n=52; 92.9%); and intermediate (n=56; 100%) against cephalothin and naldixic acid. The percentage resistance was low for aztreonam (n=4; 7%), chloramphenicol (n=3; 5%), clotrimazole (n=6; 10%), novobiocin (n=2; 3.5%) and ticarcillin (n=3; 5%). On the other hand, all isolates were sensitive (n=56; 100%) towards the following antibiotics: amikacin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, imipenem, netilmycin, gentamicin, nitrofurantion, rifampin, trimethoprim and vancomycin. The results of this study suggest that the Iraqi thermophilic B. licheniformis isolates are variable in their susceptibility towards the standards antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, the presence of cefepime, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin and naldixic resistant isolates of B. licheniformis in Iraqi soils is of concern about how resistance could spread to other bacteria, and ultimately to humans.

scholarly journals Thymol and its Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajai Kumar ◽  
Suriya P. Singh ◽  
Sudarshan S. Chhokar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Acid Chlorides ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Broth Dilution

From the seeds of C arum copticum thymol (1) was isolated as the major component and ten derivatives (2–11) were prepared by reacting it with different acid chlorides in a single step. They were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against twelve bacterial strains and nine fungal strains using disc diffusion and broth dilution assays. Derivative 9 was found to be most active against both bacterial and fungal strains.

Occurrence of Resistance to Antibiotics and Metals and of Plasmids in Bacterial Strains Isolated from Marine Environments

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 475-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Avilés ◽  
J. C. Codina ◽  
A. Pérez-García ◽  
F. Cazorla ◽  
P. Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Arsenic Copper

Tlie resistance patterns to different antibiotics and lieavy metals of bacterial strains isolated firom marine environments (seawater, sediments and shellfishes) were studied. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the widest resistance profile, both to antibiotics and metals. In general, the resistance profiles of Gram-negative I microorganisms include the resistance to arsenic, copper, amoxycillin and tetracydine. Some associations of resistance to different antimicrobial agents were frequently observed. An important proportion of the studied strains harboured plasmids; and the association between the occurrence of plasmids and the resistance to arsenic, amoxycillin, carbencillin and streptomycin was observed.

TRIALS OF THE DOMESTICALLY PRODUCED NUTRIENT MEDIUM «AGAR MULLER-HINTON II - OBOLENSK»

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 360-367
Author(s):  
I. S. Kosilova ◽  
L. V. Domotenko ◽  
N. K. Fursova ◽  
S. V. Dentovskaya ◽  
M. G. Ershova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method

The results of the comparative tests of the «Agar Muller-Hinton II - Obolensk» nutrient medium developed in SRCAMB, Obolensk, and the control nutrient medium imported «Mueller Hinton II Agar» are presented in the study. The susceptibility of bacterial clinical strains to antimicrobial agents (AMP) was determined by the disc diffusion method and the method of gradient diffusion (E-test). The carbapenemase activity of the strains carrying the carbapenemase genes was determined by CIM-test. Total 173 characterized bacterial strains of species Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli; Photorhabdus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp. were used in the study, including producers of OXA- and NDM-types carbapenemases for gram negative bacteria. A high degree of coincidence of the results obtained on both nutrient media was shown. The consistency index of the strain sensitivity categories to AMPs (S, I, and R) was 98.2% for the disc diffusion method, and 94.4-100% - for E-test and CIM-test methods. Thus, within the framework of the Import Substitution Program, the domestic nutrient medium «MHA II-Obolensk» has been successfully developed. The nutrient medium meets the requirements of GOST R ISO 20776-2-2010 «Clinical laboratory testing and in vitro diagnostic test systems - Susceptibility testing of infectious agents and evaluation of performance of antimicrobial susceptibility test devices».

scholarly journals In vitro Assessment of Bacterial Strains Associated with Microalgae as Potential Probiotics

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimi Zabidi ◽  
Natasya-Ain Rosland ◽  
Jasmin Yaminudin ◽  
Murni Karim
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Fish And Shellfish ◽  
Diffusion Assay ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Bacteria and microalgae are essential elements in the aquatic ecosystem, co-existing and having constant interactions with each other which help microalgae to exert its beneficial effect as probiotics in aquaculture. This research aims to isolate and identify potential probiotics from different species of microalgae and to evaluate their antimicrobial activity against pathogenic Vibrio spp. via series of in vitro assays; disc diffusion, well diffusion, and co-culture assays. A total of 18 bacterial strains were isolated from five species of microalgae; Chlorella sp., Nannochloropsis sp., Amphora sp., Chaetoceros sp., and Spirulina sp.. The isolated strains were tested in in vitro antagonistic assay against four Vibrio spp. (Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus). Seventeen strains demonstrated antimicrobial activity with the highest inhibition was observed by strain SPS11 against V. parahaemolyticus (12.6 ± 0.36 mm) in disc diffusion assay and strain NAS32 showed 13.2 ± 0.45 mm clear zone against V. vulnificus in well diffusion assay. In co-culture assay, both the SPS11 and NAS32 were able to reduce the growth of V. parahaemolyticus and V. harveyi at concentration of 106 and 108 CFU mL-1, respectively. Strains SPS11 and NAS32 were characterized as gram positive bacteria with rod shape and further identified as Lysinibacillus fusiformis (SPS11) and Lysinibacillus sphaericus (NAS32) using 16s rRNA. These two strains should be further studied in in vivo challenged experiments in fish and shellfish to explore their probiotic effects.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF “ANASTATICA HIEROCHUNTICA L.” AGAINST SOME BACTERIAL STRAINS RESPONSIBLE FOR WOMEN’S URO-GENITAL INFECTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Elhassan Benyagoub ◽  
Nouria Nabbou ◽  
Dalila Razni ◽  
Snoussi Moghtet
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Genital Infection ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Objective: The purpose of this work is to study the biological activity of Anastatica hierochuntica L., against nine bacterial strains responsible for women’s uro-genital infection (UGI).Methods: The plant was collected from Tindouf region (far southwest Algeria). In this study, we performed an evaluation of antibacterial activity of three macerates of two vegetative parts (seeds and stems) by two methods (disc and wells diffusion methods), with a description of the antibiotic resistance profile of isolated bacterial strains by antibiogram method.Results: According to the results, the antibiotic resistance profile of the tested bacterial strains showed an increased resistance against several antibiotics families. The evaluation of the antibacterial potential of macerates showed that methanolic and aqueous macerates of the seeds were more active against Gram-positive bacteria compared to Gram-negative bacteria.Conclusion: The preliminary results of this study allowed us to predict that natural substances in the plant can be considered as an important source to possess compounds with significant antibacterial properties and thus suggest their application in the pharmaceutical industry.

Studies on antimicrobial activity of cobalt(III) ethylenediamine complexes

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1247-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penumaka Nagababu ◽  
J Naveena Lavanya Latha ◽  
P Pallavi ◽  
S Harish ◽  
S Satyanarayana
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Mixed Ligand ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Assay ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Diffusion Assay

A series of cobalt(III) mixed ligand complexes of type [Co(en)2L]+3, where L is bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, imidazole, methylimidazole, ethyleimidazole, dimethylimidazole, urea, thiourea, acetamide, thioacetamide, semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide, or pyrazole, have been isolated and characterized. The structural elucidation of these complexes has been explored by using absorption, infrared, and 1H NMR nuclear magnetic resonance spectral methods. The infrared spectral data of all these complexes exhibit a band at 1450/cm and 1560–1590/cm, which correspond to C = C and C = N, a band at 575/cm for Co-N (en), and a band at 480/cm for Co-L (ligand). All these complexes were found to be potent antimicrobial agents. The antibacterial activity was studied in detail in terms of zone inhibition, minimum bactericidal, and time period of lethal action. Among all, complexes bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, dimethylimidazole, and pyrazole, possess the highest antibacterial activity. Antifungal activity was done by disc-diffusion assay and 50% inhibitory concentrations that possess high antifungal activity.Key words: cobalt(III) complexes, ethylenediamine, antimicrobial, antifungal.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Screening of Gunnera perpensa-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naazlene Patel ◽  
Kabange Kasumbwe ◽  
Viresh Mohanlall
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibacterial Screening ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Amine Groups ◽  
Biosynthesized Agnps ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Diffusion Assay

The biosynthesis of nanoparticles has become quite popular and has been proposed as an alternative over the tedious, expensive, and toxic physical and chemical methods of synthesis due to its cost-effectiveness and ecofriendliness. This study involved the biosynthesis, characterization, and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Gunnera perpensa-mediated AgNPs. Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using TEM, UV, and FTIR spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated in six bacterial strains, using the disc diffusion assay, and MIC was determined using the broth dilution assay. All NPs generally presented as spherical clusters, with sizes ranging from 13 to 24 nm, as determined by TEM. The absorption peaks ranging between 421 and 425 nm and the presence of the C=O bond with amine groups, as indicated by UV and FTIR spectra, confirmed the synthesis and stabilization of G. perpensa extract-mediated AgNPs. Good antimicrobial activity ranging from 7.0 to 9.0 mm was exhibited by both preparations of G. perpensa extract-mediated AgNPs against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative studied bacteria, at MIC ranging from 3.2 to 12.5 μg/ml. Overall, good antibacterial activity was achieved at lower doses with both preparations of the G. perpensa-mediated AgNPs against all tested bacterial strains, suggesting G. perpensa-mediated AgNPs as good antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals The effect of essential oils on the growth of bacteria from municipal wastewater treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed M. Raza Bokhari
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Disc Diffusion Assay ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Bacterial sensitivity to essential oils has been reported in the case of soil isolated bacteria, food isolated bacteria but there is little evidence available to support the fact that wastewater isolated bacteria show sensitivity to essential oils. Keeping in view this fact the present investigation aims to determine the wastewater isolated bacterial strains sensitivity to six commercially available plant essential oils including clove, cinnamon, oregano, tea tree, fennel, and wintergreen. The essential oils were tested against ten laboratory bacterial strains (Acinetobacter baumanii, Escherichia coli: DH5α, E.coli: AD202, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas poae, Pseudomonas putida, staphylococcus aureus, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) (2) and ten wastewater isolated bacterial strains (Acinetobacter baumanii, Acinetobacter bouretii, Aeromonas hydrophila, E.coli, Enterobacter cloaceae, Flavobacterium branchiophilum, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas staurtii, Serratia fonticola, and Staphylococcus muscae) using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay, and the broth tube macrodilution MIC assay. The disc-diffusion assay showed that three of the oils, clove, cinnamon and oregano, were the most effective at inhibiting the growth of all the known single isolates. The broth tube MIC assay found that the WWTP isolated bacterial strains such as E. coli, Staphylococcus muscae, Enterobacter cloaceae, Acinetobacter baumanii were most sensitive to clove oil at MIC concentration ≤ 0.52 mg/ml, cinnamon oil at MIC concentration ≤ 0.51 mg/ml, and oregano oil MIC concentration ≤ 0.47 mg/ml. Finally, wastewater microbial community samples from activated sludge, returned sludge and anaerobic digesters were reduced by 0% > 94.24%, 46% > 99%, 70% > 97% percent when tested against clove, cinnamon, and oregano oils.

scholarly journals An Examination of Flying Insects in Seven Hospitals in the United Kingdom and Carriage of Bacteria by True Flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae, Dolichopodidae, Fanniidae, Muscidae, Phoridae, Psychodidae, Sphaeroceridae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1684-1697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Boiocchi ◽  
Matthew P Davies ◽  
Anthony C Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

AbstractInsects are efficient vectors of bacteria and in the hospital environment may have a role in spreading nosocomial infections. This study sampled the flying insect populations of seven hospitals in the United Kingdom and characterized the associated culturome of Diptera, including the antibiotic resistance profile of bacterial isolates. Flying insects were collected in seven U.K. hospitals between the period March 2010 to August 2011. The bacteria carried by Diptera were isolated using culture-based techniques, identified and characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A total of 19,937 individual insects were collected with Diptera being the most abundant (73.6% of the total), followed by Hemiptera (13.9%), Hymenoptera (4.7%), Lepidoptera (2.9%), and Coleoptera (2%). From Diptera, 82 bacterial strains were identified. The majority of bacteria belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae (42%), followed by Bacillus spp. (24%) and Staphylococcus spp. (19%). Less abundant were bacteria of the genus Clostridium (6%), Streptococcus (5%), and Micrococcus (2%). A total of 68 bacterial strains were characterized for their antibiotic resistance profile; 52.9% demonstrated a resistant phenotype to at least one class of antibiotic. Staphylococcus spp. represented the highest proportion of resistant strains (83.3%), followed by Bacillus spp. (60%) and Enterobacteriaceae (31.3%). Diptera were the predominant flying insects present in the U.K. hospital environments sampled and found to harbor a variety of opportunistic human pathogens with associated antimicrobial resistance profiles. Given the ability of flies to act as mechanical vectors of bacteria, they present a potential to contribute to persistence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic bacteria in the hospital environment.

Antimicrobial Performance and Cytotoxicity of Antibiotics Impregnated Hydroxyapatite for Osteomyelitis Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
pp. 513-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Phanphiriya ◽  
Faungchat Thammarakcharoen ◽  
Watchara Chokevivat ◽  
Jintamai Suwanprateeb
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Cytotoxic Potential ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficiency ◽  
Antimicrobial Performance ◽  
Agar Diffusion Assay ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Localized antibiotic beads are often used for treating patients with osteomyelitis or infections of the bone by providing local, sustained and high concentrations of antimicrobial agents to the area of infection, without systemically exposing an individual to antibiotic levels that could result in numerous toxic side effects. In this study, antibiotic impregnated hydroxyapatite spheres were prepared aiming for a functional device of drug carrier and bone graft. Three types of antibiotics were employed including gentamicin, vancomycin and fosfomycin. Antimicrobial susceptibility of antibiotic impregnated beads were tested against two bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) by using modified agar diffusion assay. Differences in antimicrobial efficiency were observed and related with respect to differences in molecular weight, mechanism of action and spectrum of activity for each antibiotic. Cytotoxicity by serial extraction technique of all antibiotic impregnated beads were determined by MTT assay. No cytotoxic potential at all extraction periods was observed for vancomycin impregnated on beads. Gentamicin and fosfomycin impregnated beads showed cytotoxic potential only on day 1 extraction, but no cytotoxic potential on longer periods.

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