scholarly journals Investigation of Antimicrobial Activity of the Extracts of the Leaves, Stembark and Root of Allanblackia floribunda: An Alternative Paradigm Shift Outcome.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Azuonwu Obioma ◽  
Somba, Nyenwere
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Emergency Medical Response

Over the years, plants have been a major source of medicines, especially in the rural areas of the developing communities, with probably lack of functional health care facilities and trained health care personnel on hand for emergency medical response. However, with the dynamics and improvement in science and medicine, chemically synthesized drugs were being introduced and used to treat myriad of critical illnesses across board. Nonetheless, these were further strengthened owing to the increasing trend of drug resistance outcome, especially by the emerging and re-emerging infectious microorganisms. Thus, in the light of the above, there is a gradual but increasing steady return to the use of plants as sources of medicine and treatment of antibiotic resistance pathogens and illness across the globe. This study therefore, explores the use of antimicrobial activity of the leaves, stembark and root of Allanblackia floribunda on four bacterial isolates namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp. Methylated spirit, ethanol and distilled water were used as the extraction solvents differently. Ethanol extracts proved to be a better solvent compared with the other two while the extracts from distilled water were not active against any of the isolates. However, all the three ethanol extracts were more active against S. aureus while Pseudomonas sp. showed a higher level of resistance to the extracts. The leaves and root of the plant were more active on most of the isolates compared with the stembark as shown in the results section.

Mental health policy in Greece: Implications into practice in the era of economic crisis

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 539-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Grammatikopoulos ◽  
S. Koupidis ◽  
E. Petelos ◽  
P. Theodorakis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Mental Health Policy ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Health Care Facilities

IntroductionBudgets allocated for mental health make up a relatively small proportion of total health expenditures, although there is an increasing burden of mental disorders.ObjectivesTo review the mental health situation in Greece with regards to mental health policy through review of relevant literature.AimsTo explore the basic implications of the economic crisis from a health policy perspective, reporting constraints and opportunities.MethodsA narrative review in PubMed/Medline along with a hand search in selected Greek biomedical journals was undertaken, relevant to mental health policy.ResultsGreece is among the OECD countries with high health expenditure as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (9.7% of GDP in 2008) but it doesn’t have a specified budget for mental health and is mostly depended in out-of-pocket expenditure (48%). The system is plagued by problems, including geographical inequalities, overcentralization, bureaucratic management and poor incentives in the public sector. The lack of cost-effectiveness and the informal payments comprise a major source of inequity and inefficiency. Uneven regional distribution of psychiatrists exists and rural areas are mostly uncovered by mental health care facilities, as well as extramural mental health units and rehabilitation places, despite the current reorganization of the whole mental health care delivery system.ConclusionsThe core problem with mental health services in Greece is the shrinking budget with poor financial administration consistent with inadequate implementation of mental health policy. A clear authority with defined responsibility for overall mental health policy and budgetary matters is needed.

scholarly journals Characterizing the Rural Opioid Use Environment in Kentucky Using Google Earth: Virtual Audit

10.2196/14923 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. e14923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Danielle Crawford ◽  
Regine Haardöerfer ◽  
Hannah Cooper ◽  
Izraelle McKinnon ◽  
Carla Jones-Harrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Care Facilities

Background The opioid epidemic has ravaged rural communities in the United States. Despite extensive literature relating the physical environment to substance use in urban areas, little is known about the role of physical environment on the opioid epidemic in rural areas. Objective This study aimed to examine the reliability of Google Earth to collect data on the physical environment related to substance use in rural areas. Methods Systematic virtual audits were performed in 5 rural Kentucky counties using Google Earth between 2017 and 2018 to capture land use, health care facilities, entertainment venues, and businesses. In-person audits were performed for a subset of the census blocks. Results We captured 533 features, most of which were images taken before 2015 (71.8%, 383/533). Reliability between the virtual audits and the gold standard was high for health care facilities (>83%), entertainment venues (>95%), and businesses (>61%) but was poor for land use features (>18%). Reliability between the virtual audit and in-person audit was high for health care facilities (83%) and entertainment venues (62%) but was poor for land use (0%) and businesses (12.5%). Conclusions Poor reliability for land use features may reflect difficulty characterizing features that require judgment or natural changes in the environment that are not reflective of the Google Earth imagery because it was captured several years before the audit was performed. Virtual Google Earth audits were an efficient way to collect rich neighborhood data that are generally not available from other sources. However, these audits should use caution when the images in the observation area are dated.

Spatial distribution of public health care facilities in rural areas of Nalanda district, Bihar

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-399
Author(s):  
Anand Kumar ◽  
◽  
Dhiraj Kumar Sharma ◽  
Satya Prakash ◽  
Ram Sakal Yadava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Care Facilities

At this critical juncture of time when the whole world is facing a health care emergency due to the occurrence of (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. It becomes necessary to critically evaluate public health care facilities and their availability to common people to tackle the ongoing crisis rationally. In this regard, this paper tries to study the spatial distribution of public health care facilities and their availability in rural areas of Nalanda district. Location quotient, Lorenz curve and Gini's coefficient have been worked out to find unequal concentration, availability and distribution of public health care facilities across the study area. To show the concentration and distribution of health care facilities over space maps have been drawn on ArcGIS. MS Excel and Word have been used for showing the availability of health care facilities through graphical representation and for tabulation purposes. This paper concludes that community development blocks surrounding district headquarter have a higher concentration and larger availability of rural public health care facilities in comparison to peripheral community development blocks of the study area.

Healthcare infrastructure development in rural India: a critical analysis of its status and future challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nenavath Sreenu
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Future Challenges

At present, the development of healthcare infrastructure in India is poor and needs fundamental reforms in order to deal with emerging challenges. This study surveys the growth of the healthcare infrastructure. The development of infrastructure and health care facilities, the position of the workforce, and the quality of service delivery are important challenges that are confronting healthcare centres in rural India. This article critically analyses the future challenges of Indian healthcare infrastructure development in rural areas, discussing the burden of disease, widespread financial deficiency, the vaccination policy and poor access to health care as some of the main issues. Life expectancy, literacy and per capita income are further considerations.

scholarly journals Factors affecting health care facility utilization in rural areas of Lucknow district

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1766
Author(s):  
Vinita Shukla ◽  
Pratibha Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Background Population

Background: Population is increasing rapidly so with the limited resources government alone cannot cater the health of whole population. Private health sector is equally important for the improvement of health of the people. In view of these facts the present study was planned to assess the utilization of health care services (both public and private) and to assess the reasons for visiting that particular health facility (public or private).Methods: Study was cross sectional for 1 year period. Total sample size was 1024. In the present study only rural area was taken. By using multistage stratified random sampling 6 villages were selected and sample came out as 516. Data was analyzed by stata software version -12 for windows and chi square test.Results: 50% respondents visited public, 38% private and 10% visited others (charitable, pharmacies etc.). 62% respondents belonged to lower socio economic status preferred public health care facility. The main reason for visiting public health facility was free services and for private was got cure earlier from that heath facility. Majority of people visited any health facility for illness. (344 out of 516) and 50% of them visited for respiratory diseases. For chronic illness majority (60%) preferred public health care facility.Conclusions: Both public and private health care facilities should be made well equipped and affordable so that people can make choices and not forced to choose particular health facility.

scholarly journals MATERNITY CARE SERVICES

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 721-726
Author(s):  
Sadaf Faiz ◽  
Zahira Batool ◽  
Sana Ejaz ◽  
Abid Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Maternity Care ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Care Services

Introduction: Maternal health care refers to high quality health care providedto a pregnant woman during pregnancy, delivery and postnatal period. The maternal mortalityratio is quite high in the rural areas of Pakistan. Rural society is highly associated with itstraditions and cultural values. There are some cultural and social barriers for women. Theyare being considered negligible part of the population and are facing a number of hardshipsin availing health facilities. Objective: The aim of the study was to find out the socioeconomic,cultural and demographic factors affecting the access of rural women to maternity care services.Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural areas of District Faisalabad.Quantitative research method was used to get meaningful, detailed information. Material andMethods: A sample of 205 pregnant women aged 18-38 was taken, purposively to explore theresearch objectives through pre-designed interviewing schedule with open and closed endedquestions. Results: Univariate and bivariate analysis reveal the factors associated with theutilization of maternity care services such as education of the respondents and their husbands,family type, household income, age at marriage, attitudes towards health care facilities werefound to be associated with the utilization of maternity care service. Conclusion: The studyreveals that a number of reproductive problems occurred among pregnant women in the ruralareas of Pakistan due to the limited health facilities, socio-demographic and cultural barricadeswhich restricted them to utilize maternity care services

scholarly journals Evaluation of maternal mortality and their factors in GMCH, Aurangabad, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Ganesh Balasaheb Bharaswadkar ◽  
Murlidhar L. Kurtadikar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Infective Hepatitis

Background: Analysing the factors related to maternal mortality is very important as they reflect the socioeconomic status and health care facility availabilities of the country. This study is aimed to analyse the epidemiological aspects and different causes of maternal death and evaluation of preventable factors and unavoidable factors if any causing maternal death.Methods: The retrospective study was carried out at GMCH, Aurangabad during the period from February 2002 to January 2004. All the data related to epidemiological factors and causes of maternal mortality was recorded and analyzed.Results: There were 33 maternal deaths during the study period. The mean maternal mortality rate was 211 per 1,00,000 total births. Maximum maternal deaths were reported at the age group of 26-30 years (36.1%), in primiparous women (46.8%) and from rural areas (78.38%). Most of the deaths (37.5%) were reported within first 24 hours of hospital admission at postpartum stage (87.5%). 84.37% of maternal deaths were due to direct causes. And toxemia of pregnancy (39.5%) was major direct cause. Anaemia and infective hepatitis constitutes for 9.3% each for the indirect causes maternal death.Conclusion: Most maternal deaths can be preventable by multidisciplinary approaches involving mass community education, improving sanitation, early referrals to tertiary care centres and by providing health care facilities in rural areas.

Seeking help chaow baan ways in southern Thailand

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusanee Suwankhong ◽  
Pranee Liamputtong ◽  
Bruce Rumbold
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Modern Health Care ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
Seeking Help ◽  
The One

Although modern health care facilities exist in rural areas, Thai people continue to seek help from traditional healers. This paper explores the perceptions and experiences of patients of traditional healers in southern Thailand. An ethnographic method was used comprising participant observation and in-depth interviews with 23 patients of traditional healers. Fieldwork data showed that patients sought help from traditional healers for both common and emergency illnesses, and for treatment of localised symptoms as well as chronic health conditions. The participants believed that there was no single healing system that could promote total well-being: they looked for the one that could best help them to return to normal health. Individuals expected that any healing form would be complementary or an alternative to another. The findings of this study have implications for the provision of health care to local people. They add weight to arguments that health policymakers could increase choice within the Thai health care system by formally incorporating and promoting the role of traditional healers, recognising them as an important resource in primary health care.

scholarly journals Investigating the accessibility factors that influence antenatal care services utilisation in Mangwe district, Zimbabwe

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leoba Nyathi ◽  
Augustine K. Tugli ◽  
Takalani G. Tshitangano ◽  
Molyn Mpofu
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
District Health ◽  
The Government

Background: Maternal and infant mortality remains a huge public health problem in developing countries. One of the strategies to minimise the risks of both maternal and infant mortality is access to and utilisation of antenatal care (ANC) services.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the accessibility factors that influence the use of ANC services in Mangwe district.Methods: A qualitative approach using explorative design was adopted to target women who have babies under 1 year of age. The study was conducted in Mangwe district, Matabeleland South province, Zimbabwe. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and observations. Data saturation was reached after 15 women who were conveniently sampled were interviewed. Field notes were analysed thematically using Tech’s steps. Lincoln and Guba’s criteria ensured trustworthiness of the study findings.Results: Accessibility factors such as lack of transport, high transport costs and long distances to health care facilities, health care workers’ attitudes, type and quality of services as well as delays in receiving care influence women’s utilisation of ANC services in Mangwe district, Zimbabwe.Conclusion: The study concluded that women were still facing problems of unavailability of nearby clinics; therefore, it was recommended that the government should avail resources for women to use.Recommendations: Mangwe District Health Department should provide mobile clinics rendering ANC services in distant rural areas.

scholarly journals What it takes to save lives: An assessment of water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities in temporary COVID-19 isolation and treatment centers of Southern Ethiopia: A mixed-methods evaluation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256086
Author(s):  
Aiggan Tamene
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Care Facilities

Background Quality water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities act as barricades to the transmission of COVID-19 in health care facilities. These facilities ought to also be available, accessible, and functional in temporary treatment centers. Despite numerous studies on health care facilities, however, there is limited information on the status of WASH facilities in such centers. Methods The assessment of health care facilities for the COVID-19 response checklist and key informant interviews, were used for data collection. 35 treatment centers in Southern Ethiopia were surveyed. Eightkey informants were interviewed to gain an understanding of the WASH conditions in the treatment centers. The Quantitative data was entered using EPI-INFO 7 and exported to SPSS 20 for analysis. Results are presented using descriptive statistics. Open Code 4.02 was used for the thematic analysis of the qualitative data. Results Daily water supply interruptions occurred at 27 (77.1%) of the surveyed sites. Only 30 (85.72%) had bathrooms that were segregated for personnel and patients, and only 3 (3.57%) had toilets that were handicapped accessible. 20(57.2%) of the treatment centers did not have a hand hygiene protocol that satisfied WHO guidelines. In terms of infection prevention and control, 16 (45.71%) of the facilities lacked adequate personal protective equipment stocks. Between urban and rural areas, there was also a significant difference in latrine maintenance, hand hygiene protocol design and implementation, and incineration capacity. Conclusion The results reveal crucial deficiencies in the provision of WASH in the temporary COVID-19 treatment centers. Efforts to improve WASH should offer priority to hygiene service interventions to minimize the risk of healthcare-acquired infections. The sustainable provision of hygiene services, such as hand washing soap, should also be given priority.

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