In vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and microbes of thin tail sheep given sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) biomass

Sweet potato plant is produced in Indonesia in large quantities. Sweet potato leaves and stems can be used as a source of protein and the tuber can be used as an energy source. This study was aimed to analyze the effect of feeding of sweet potato biomass on the rumen fermentation characteristics, digestibility of dry matter and organic matter as well as rumen microbial population of thin tail sheep. This study used a randomized block design by applying four feed treatments, i.e., T0 (100% Napier grass), T1 (70% of Napier grass + 30% concentrate), T2 (50% of Napier grass + 50% sweet potato leaves), and T3 (70% sweet potato leaves + 30% sweet potato tuber) with three replicates. Rumen fluid samples were taken with stomach tube method using a vacuum pump. Results showed that the T3 diet has higher (P<0.05) digestibility of dry matter and organic matter, concentration of NH3 and VFA, and rumen bacterial population than those of T0 and T1diets but similar to that of T2 diet. Rumen pH and protozoa population was not different among the treatments. It can be concluded that the use of sweet potato biomass can improve the quality of rumen fermentation of sheep.

Download Full-text

Effect of urea coating by chitosan on the dynamics of ammonia concentration and rumen fermentation in vitro

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/951/1/012004 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 951 (1) ◽

pp. 012004

Author(s):

S Nayohan ◽

K G Wiryawan ◽

A Jayanegara

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effect of coating urea by chitosan at graded levels on ammonia concentration and rumen fermentation in vitro. This study used Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) to test ammonia parameter and Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) for pH, microbial protein synthesis, dry matter and organic matter digestibility, and Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA). The treatments tested were: P0 = addition non coating urea 1%; P1 = coating urea by chitosan 1%; P2 = coating urea by chitosan 2%; P3 = coating urea by chitosan 3%. The data obtained were analysed by using ANOVA and continued with Tukey HSD test with SPSS version 25. The results of this study showed that the coating of urea chitosan had no significant effect on pH, dry matter and organic matter digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, and amonia concentration in the rumen. However, it significantly reduced (P <0.05) total VFA concentration. It can be concluded that the application of urea coating by chitosan does not affect on the degradation of urea in the rumen.

Download Full-text

Nutritional Quality and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics of Silage Prepared with Lucerne, Sweet Maize Stalk, and Their Mixtures

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11121205 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1205

Author(s):

Musen Wang ◽

Fujin Zhang ◽

Xinxin Zhang ◽

Ying Yun ◽

Lei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Gas Production ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The objective of this work was to evaluate the pH, chemical composition, minerals, vitamins, and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of silage prepared with lucerne, sweet maize stalk (MS), and their mixtures. Freshly chopped lucerne and MS were combined in ratios of 100:0 (M0, control), 80:20 (M20), 60:40 (M40), 40:60 (M60), 20:80 (M80), and 0:100 (M100) on a fresh matter basis. Each treatment was prepared in triplicate, and a total of eighteen silos were fermented for 65 days. After 65 days of fermentation, the pH values in M0, M20, M40, M60, M80, and M100 silages were 5.47, 4.84, 4.23, 4.13, 3.79, and 3.61, respectively. As the MS proportion in the mixtures increased, silage K, Ca, P, Na, Fe, and Cu concentrations linearly decreased (p < 0.001) and so did vitamins B5 and K1 and α-tocopherol. In vitro rumen dry matter and organic matter degradability, pH, ammonia, total volatile fatty acid, and gas production linearly decreased (p < 0.01), while neutral detergent fiber concentration linearly increased (p < 0.001), with increasing proportion of MS. The in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradability rapidly decreased when the MS percentage was ≥60%. In conclusion, the M40 silage is the most suitable for livestock utilization in local forage production considering the balance of silage pH, nutritional quality, and in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics.

Download Full-text

Productivity of Indigofera zollingeriana under different canopy and soil acidity level in oil palm estate

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner ◽

10.14334/jitv.v21i2.1361 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 135

Author(s):

Iwan Herdiawan

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Soil Acidity ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Block Design ◽

Calcium Content ◽

Great Opportunity ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility

Oil palm estate area in Indonesia is generally located in a sub-optimal land that has great opportunity for the development of forage supply. This study aims were to determine productivity of Indigofera zollingeriana under various canopy level. This research used factorial randomized block design with 3 canopy levels (under 2, 5, and 7 year oil palm canopy) and 2 levels of soil acidity (neutral and acid soil) treatments, where each treatment was repeated 4 times. Parameters observed were production and nutrient content of Indigofera zollingeriana. Research results showed that there was no interaction between the canopy levels and soil acidity on the production of fresh leaves, stems/branches, biomass, and leaves/stem ratio of I. zollingeriana. Production of fresh leaves, stems, biomass, and leaves/branches ratio of I. zollingeriana significantly (P <0.01) decreased along with increase of canopy level. Soil acidity significantly (P <0.05) decreased production of fresh leaves, stems, biomass, and leaves/branches ratio. Level of canopy treatment significantly (P <0.05) increased content of crude protein, crude fiber and energy, otherwise value of in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and organic matter digestibilyity (IVOMD) were decrease. Soil acidity significantly (P <0.05) decreased calcium content, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of I. zollingeriana.

Download Full-text

Effects of Geraniol and Camphene on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production

Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica ◽

10.1515/sab-2017-0012 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 63-69

Author(s):

M. Joch ◽

V. Kudrna ◽

B. Hučko

Keyword(s):

Methane Emission ◽

Methane Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Positive Control ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of geraniol and camphene at three dosages (300, 600, and 900 mg l-1) on rumen microbial fermentation and methane emission in in vitro batch culture of rumen fluid supplied with a 60 : 40 forage : concentrate substrate (16.2% crude protein, 33.1% neutral detergent fibre). The ionophore antibiotic monensin (8 mg/l) was used as positive control. Compared to control, geraniol significantly (P < 0.05) reduced methane production with increasing doses, with reductions by 10.2, 66.9, and 97.9%. However, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and in vitro dry matter digestibility were also reduced (P < 0.05) by all doses of geraniol. Camphene demonstrated weak and unpromising effects on rumen fermentation. Camphene did not decrease (P > 0.05) methane production and slightly decreased (P < 0.05) VFA production. Due to the strong antimethanogenic effect of geraniol a careful selection of dose and combination with other antimethanogenic compounds may be effective in mitigating methane emission from ruminants. However, if a reduction in total VFA production and dry matter digestibility persisted in vivo, geraniol would have a negative effect on animal productivity.

Download Full-text

Dry matter yields and quality parameters of ten Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus) genotypes at three locations in western Oromia, Ethiopia

Tropical Grasslands - Forrajes Tropicales ◽

10.17138/tgft(9)43-51 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 43-51

Author(s):

Abuye Tulu ◽

Mekonnen Diribsa ◽

Worku Temesgen

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Nutrient Composition ◽

Napier Grass ◽

Superior Performance ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Digestible Organic Matter

Ten Napier grass genotypes (accessions) were assessed across 3 locations, Bako, Boneya Boshe and Gute, for forage dry matter (DM) yield, crude protein (CP) concentration, leaf:stem ratio, nutrient composition and digestibility characteristics during 2016 and 2017. The genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Mean DM yield was higher for accession ILRI 16804 across all locations followed by ILRI 16801 and ILRI 16800. Leaf:stem ratio, CP concentration and CP and digestible organic matter (OM) yields also varied significantly among genotypes with the highest values obtained for accession ILRI 16804 across all locations, followed by ILRI 16800 and ILRI 16801. Yields of DM, CP and digestible OM and leaf:stem ratio were higher at Boneya Boshe and Gute than at Bako and higher during 2017 than during 2016. The consistently superior performance of ILRI 16804, ILRI 16801 and ILRI 16800 in both years across the 3 sites suggests that these genotypes should be studied further on farms and in differing environments before being recommended for general cultivation in this area. Examining performance with more frequent harvests and feeding studies with livestock would confirm the benefits to be obtained from planting these new accessions.

Download Full-text

Pengaruh Molases Pada Amoniasi Jerami Padi Menggunakan Urea Terhadap Kecernaan Bahan Kering dan Bahan Organik In Vitro

Jurnal Agripet ◽

10.17969/agripet.v8i2.610 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 15-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muhamad Bata

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Research Result ◽

Optimal Level ◽

Improve Quality ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Organic Matter Digestibility

The effect of molasses on ammoniated straw by using urea on dry and organic matter digestibility as in vitroABSTRACT. Aimed of this research was to find out the optimal level of molasses addition to improve quality, dry matter and organic matter digestibility of rice straw ammonization process. Materials used were rumen fluid of fistula cattle, grind of rice straw, water, urea and molasses. Research designed used Completely Randomized Design (CRD). As treatments were R0: rice straw 1000 g dry matter + 500 g water + 50 g urea + 0 percent of molasses, R1: R0 + 15 percent of molasses, R2: R0 + 30 percent of molasses. Urea and molasses dissolved in water and then entered into pollybag. All pollybag observe and let for 15 days, each treatment replicated 6 times. Variable measured were dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility. Research result showed that ammonization product of NH3, Acidity Level and crude fiber having decreased while crude protein content increased. Variance analysis indicated that treatments had significant effect (P0.05) on dry matter and organic matter digestibility. Orthogonal polynomial test indicated that level of molasses increase (P0.05) of dry matter and organic matter digestibility linearly. It can be concluded that addition up to 30 percent in ammoniating of rice straw using urea can improve quality of ammonization and increasing dry matter and organic matter digestibility.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Seven Oat (Avena sativa) Genotypes for Biomass Yield and Quality Parameters under Different Locations of Western Oromia, Ethiopia

Advances in Agriculture ◽

10.1155/2020/8822344 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Abuye Tulu ◽

Mekonnen Diribsa ◽

Worku Temesgen

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Digestible Organic Matter

Recognizing the potential and importance of cultivating improved forage crops as a means of tackling the recurrent feed shortage facing the study area, seven oat genotypes were tested in randomized complete block design with three replications across two locations for three growing seasons (2014, 2015, and 2016). The study was aimed to evaluate dry matter (DM) and digestible organic matter yield and nutrient composition of oat genotypes. The study revealed that oat genotypes responded differently for herbage dry matter (DM) and digestible organic matter (OM) yield, and quality parameters in both study locations. Averaged over the seven oat genotypes, herbage DM and digestible OM yield. recorded at Bako were higher than Boneya Boshe location across the study periods. The ash ( P > 0.05) content did not vary among oat genotypes at both testing locations, while variation was observed for DM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), in vitro digestibility, and metabolizable energy (ME) constituents. In general, genotypes ILRI 6710 and 5453 showed higher herbage DM and digestible OM yield. Moreover, the two genotypes are also higher in their in vitro digestibility value and ME, DM, and CP contents but relatively lower in NDF, ADF, and ADL fiber constituents, and thus, they are recommended for wider cultivation.

Download Full-text

In vitro Inoculation of Fresh or Frozen Rumen Fluid Distinguishes Contrasting Microbial Communities and Fermentation Induced by Increasing Forage to Concentrate Ratio

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.772645 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Zhi Yuan Ma ◽

Ju Wang Zhou ◽

Si Yu Yi ◽

Min Wang ◽

Zhi Liang Tan

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Diversity ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Starch Content ◽

Block Design ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Rumen Microorganisms ◽

Fermentative Bacteria ◽

In Vitro Inoculation

In vitro rumen batch culture is a technology to simulate rumen fermentation by inoculating microorganisms from rumen fluids. Although inocula (INO) are commonly derived from fresh rumen fluids, frozen rumen fluids are also employed for the advantages of storing, transporting, and preserving rumen microorganisms. The effects of frozen INO on microbial fermentation and community may be interfered with by substrate type, which has not been reported. This study was designed to test whether rumen fluid treatments (i.e., fresh and frozen) could interact with incubated substrates. A complete block design with fractional arrangement treatment was used to investigate the effects of INO (fresh or frozen rumen fluids) and concentrate-to-forage ratios (C/F, 1:4 or 1:1) on rumen fermentation and microbial community. The effects of increasing C/F were typical, including increased dry matter (DM) degradation and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration (P < 0.001), and decreased acetate to propionate ratio (P = 0.01) and bacterial diversity of richness and evenness (P ≤ 0.005) with especially higher fermentative bacteria such as genus Rikenellaceae_RC, F082, Prevotella, Bacteroidales_BS11, Muribaculaceaege, and Christensenellaceae_R-7 (P ≤ 0.04). Although frozen INO decreased (P < 0.001) DM degradation and altered rumen fermentation with lower (P ≤ 0.01) acetate to propionate ratio and molar proportion of butyrate than fresh INO, typical effects of C/F were independent of INO, as indicated by insignificant INO × C/F interaction on substrate degradation, VFA profile and bacterial community (P ≥ 0.20). In summary, the effect of C/F on fermentation and bacterial diversity is not interfered with by INO type, and frozen INO can be used to distinguish the effect of starch content.

Download Full-text

The Use of Various Substrate Microbial Bamboo Stems for Rice Straw Fermentation and its effect on digestibility and fermentation product of Beef Cattle Ration

Jurnal READ (Research of Empowerment and Development) ◽

10.20884/1.read.2020.1.1.2386 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Chabib B.H ◽

Sri Rahayu ◽

Muhamad Bata

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Organic Matter Digestibility

This experiment investigated various substrate growth of bamboo stems microbes (BSM) in rice straw fermentation and its effect on dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), NH3-N and VFA concentration. Materials were rumen fluid of beef cattle from the slaughterhouse. Basal diets consisted of rice straw and concentrate with ratio of 40 : 60 (% dry matter) were administered to five treatments namely P0 = untreated rice straw (control), P1 = Ammoniated rice straw, fermented rice straw using microbial bamboo stems grown on ammoniated rice straw (P2), rice bran (P3) and cassava waste (P4). The experiment used in vitro method was designed with Completely Randomized Design and the data were analyzed variance. The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect on dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), NH3-N and VFA concentration (P>0,05). The fermentation process of microbial bamboo stems in rice straw with a level of 10% with different substrate did not able to increase the digestibility and products fermentation, but there tends that the rice bran and substrates can increase DMD and N-NH3 concentration

Download Full-text

EFFECT OF GYPSUM ON EARLY GROWTH AND YIELD OF SWEET POTATO.

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1078a ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1078a-1078

Author(s):

E. Niyonsaba ◽

E. G. Rhoden ◽

P. K. Biswas ◽

G.W. Carver

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Early Growth ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Root Weight ◽

Storage Root ◽

Root Yield ◽

And Storage

A study was conducted to assess the effects of gypsum on the early growth and storage root yield of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) cvs `Jewel', `Goergia Jet' and `TI-155'. Three rates of gypsum were applied (1.03, 2.06 and 3.09 tons/acre). These represented half, recommended and 1.5 recommended levels. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with a split plot arrangement of treatment. Leaf area, total dry matter, leaf dry matter and stat-age root weight were recorded at 30-day intervals. Plants receiving half the recommended levels of gypsum produced the highest total storage root dry matter (0.306 t/a) and the highest leaf dry matter (0.116 t/a). Although a positive relationship exists between leaf dry matter and storage root yield between 90 and 120 days, there was no such relationship between those parameters either at 30 and 60 days or 60 and 90 days after transplanting.

Download Full-text