The In Sacco Dry Matter and Organic Matter Degradability of Four Feedstuffs

The study was aimed at determining the chemical composition, in sacco ruminal dry matter and organic matter degradability of leaves and fruits of tropical condensed tannin rich multipurpose tree species (MPTS). The MPTS studied were Ekebergia capenesis, Ficus sycomorus, Maesa lanceolata, and Rhus glutinosa. Chemical composition of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude ash (CA), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), non-fibre carbohydrates (NFC), and condensed tannin (CT) was determined. In sacco rumen degradability was measured using three rumen fistulated Holstein Friesian-Boran cross steers at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The DM and organic matter (OM) degradability data were fitted to the equation Y = a + b(1 – e<sup>–ct</sup>). The values for each chemical constituent ranged 5.43–11.49% (CA), 7.97–17.06% (CP), 1.57–31% (EE), 12.20–27.5% (CF), 5.84–39.30% (NFC), and 7.2–16.72% (CT). Ekebergia capensis leaves had the greatest values for slowly degradable fraction (b), effective degradability (ED), and rate of degradation (c) in DM (P < 0.001) whereas E. capensis fruit had significantly the greatest soluble fraction (a), potential degradability (b), and effective degradability (ED) values as compared to the a, PD, and ED values in the fruits of other plants(P < 0.001). Yet in OM degradation kinetics, the greatest and least values of potential degradability (PD) were recorded for F. sycomorus (89.89%) and E. capensis (55.90%) leaves (P < 0.001). Similar to the rapidly soluble fraction a, ED was found to be the greatest in fruits as compared to leaves of the plants (P < 0.001). Generally variation of plant parts led to significant differences in chemical composition, DM, and OM degradability and the degradable parameters. The leaves and fruits recorded more than 60% DM and OM degradability at 24 h, which implied that they were all greatly degradable in the rumen.

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In sacco nutrient degradability of silage containing intact and defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae

Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture ◽

10.14710/jitaa.46.3.227-235 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 227-235

Author(s):

R. Mulianda ◽

A. Sofyan ◽

H. Herdian ◽

E.B. Laconi ◽

M. Ridla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Black Soldier Fly ◽

Nutrient Profiles ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Hermetia Illucens Larvae ◽

Time Point ◽

In Sacco

This study aimed to evaluate the in sacco nutrient degradability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage containing intact and defatted black soldier fly (BSF) larvae. The study evaluated four dietary treatments and six replications. The treatments consisted of control TMR silage without BSF larvae (R1), 20% intact BSF larvae + 80% TMR silage (R2), 20% chemically defatted BSF larvae + 80% TMR silage (R3), and 20% mechanically defatted BSF larvae + 80% TMR silage (R4). Samples were placed in polyester bags and incubated in the rumen in sacco up to 72 h. Nutrient degradability was evaluated for each time point interval. Results revealed that the lowest dry matter degradability (DMD) was found in R1 compared to all treatments (p < 0.05), while the highest DMD was found in R2 (p < 0.05). The highest organic matter degradability was found in R2 compared to R1, R3 and R4 (p < 0.05). Addition of BSF larvae to TMR silage increased the crude protein degradability (p < 0.05). In conclusion, inclusion of both intact and defatted BSF larvae into TMR silage did not have any adverse effects on nutrient profiles and showed a good nutrient degradation values in the rumen.

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Comparative study on the biomass yield, chemical composition and in-sacco dry matter degradability of different cultivars of triticale fodder

Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.3329/bjas.v41i1.11972 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 24-28

Author(s):

MK Zannat ◽

MR Alam ◽

NR Sarker ◽

KS Huque ◽

MRI Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽

Fodder Production ◽

P Content ◽

Acid Detergent Fibre ◽

In Sacco

An experiment was conducted to determine the biomass yield, chemical composition and in-sacco dry matter (DM) degradability of 10 cultivars (WRF-7, TSN-111, TYT-03, TYT-05, TYT-06, TYT-08, TYT-12, ITYN-10, ITYN-14 and ITYN-15) of triticale fodder. The fresh yield of different cultivars of triticale was ranged from 5.03 to 6.85 (t/ha). The organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) contents of different cultivars of triticale were found 89.62 to 91.78 %, 21.34 to 25.99 %, 23.09 to 29.99 %, 46.77 to 50.80 %, 0.42 to 0.61 % and 0.33 to 0.41 %, respectively. The yield of DM and CP of different cultivars of triticale were varied from 0.77 to 1.44 (t/ha) and 0.193 to 0.351 (t/ha), respectively. Among different triticale cultivars the highest OM and CP contents were found in TYT-12 (91.78 %) and ITYN-10 (25.99 %), respectively. The highest NDF and ADF contents were found in ITYN-14 (50.80 %) and TYT-05 (29.99 %), respectively among different cultivars. The contents of Ca and P in ITYN-10 (0.61 %) and ITYN-14 (0.41 %), respectively were found to be the highest among the cultivars. Potential DM degradability observed in different cultivars of triticale was higher in ITYN-14 and TYT-05 (84.81 and 81.88 %, respectively) compared to others and relatively poor degradability was found in TSN-111 and TYT-03 (60.74 and 61.35 %, respectively). Therefore, it may be concluded that, the cultivar ITYN-10 will be the promising one due to comparatively higher fresh yield, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) content and less acid detergent fibre (ADF) fraction cultivated for fodder production in Bangladesh.http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i1.11972

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Utilization of wheat straw in sheep: Using an applicable method of chemical treatment

Journal of Agrobiology ◽

10.2478/s10146-009-0015-y ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 93-102

Author(s):

Vaheid Chekani-Azar ◽

Saeid Chekani-Azar

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Chemical Treatment ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Acid Detergent Lignin ◽

Farm Scale ◽

Sheep Rumen ◽

In Sacco

Utilization of wheat straw in sheep: Using an applicable method of chemical treatmentAs part of research on utilization of straw as a feedstuff for small ruminants, wheat straw (WS) was pretreated with a warmed solution (4%) of NaOH (sodium hydroxide) and then treated with SO2 (sulphur dioxide) gases of different sulphur levels (0, 1, 2 and 4 percent, weight/weight of dry matter) for two periods of 1 and 2 smoking days. The chemical composition, and dry matter degradability (DMD) of the neutral detergent fibres (NDF), acid detergent fibres (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) in sheep rumen was determined, as was also the intake of the treated straw and the performance of Ghizle strain lambs. To estimate rumen DMD, treated WS samples were immersed in the rumen for a 72 h incubation period using the nylon bag (in sacco) technique. The chemical composition of the treated WS was changed with either one of NaOH or NaOH+SO2 prior to the rumen incubation, and the amounts of lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses and silica significantly decreased specially in the SO2-smoked wheat straw. Dry and organic matter decreased non-significantly (P>0.05). The rumen DMD rate of the WS SO2-treated for a period of 48 hours did show higher values (P<0.01) compared to those smoked during 1 day. In sacco degradation also significantly decreased NDF, ADF and ADL. The best results were observed with WS SO2 samples smoked to 4% level during 2 days, followed by 2% level with the same smoking period. Although, a higher intake of treated WS was calculated for those smoked by 2% SO2 gas for a period of 1 d, the best performance was observed in lambs fed WS treated by NaOH+SO2 for a period of 2 days. It is concluded that chemical treatment of wheat straw by NaOH (4%) solution and SO2 (2%) gas smoking for a period of 2 days, can be used as an applicable method on a farm scale for better utilization of WS as a feedstuff for small ruminants such as sheep.

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Rumen degradation properties of tropical legumes feed under in sacco studies

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/888/1/012071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 888 (1) ◽

pp. 012071

Author(s):

S F I Rahmat ◽

I G Permana ◽

Despal

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Protein Requirements ◽

Rumen Degradation ◽

Tropical Legumes ◽

Holstein Bulls ◽

Degradation Properties ◽

Protein Feed ◽

In Sacco

Abstract Degradation properties of protein feed sources such as tropical legumes is very important to match with microbial protein synthesis and by pass protein requirements in dairy cattle ration formulation. However, the information is still limited. This study aims to determine the degradability of dry matter (DMD) and organic matter (OMD) from several legumes in Indonesia using in sacco method. There are 11 types of tropical legumes that are commonly used in dairy cattle ration have been studied, namely acacia, alfalfa, pterocarpus, gliricidia, indigofera, calliandra, butterfly leaf, leucaena, albizia, tamarind, and sesbania. The dried forage mesh samples were put into nylon bags and incubated in the rumen of two fistulated Friesian Holstein bulls for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Parameter observed were degradability of dry matter (DMD), and organic matter (OMD), kinetic parameters, and effective degradation. The data were analysed using descriptive statistic and regression from SAS University software. The result that sesbania and indigofera grouped into highly degradable forage (degradability > 80%), while acacia, albizia, calliandra grouped into low degradable forage (degradability < 50%). From this study it can be concluded that each type of legume has different degradability characteristics using in sacco method.

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Interaction of lipid supply and carbohydrates in the diet of sheep with digestibility and ruminal digestion

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600078254 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 116 (3) ◽

pp. 437-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Y. Elmeddah ◽

M. Doreau ◽

B. Michalet-Doreau

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Cell Wall Digestibility ◽

In Sacco

SUMMARYTwo groups of nine wethers, three of which were fitted with rumen cannulas, were used in a digestion trial at the INRA centre in Theix, France, in 1988. Group 1 received 65% maize silage and 35% concentrates; group 2 received 65% hay and 35% concentrates. Concentrates were based on either cereals rich in starch, or by-products rich in fibre and were given either alone or supplemented with lipids as calcium soaps. The fatty acid content of lipid-supplemented diets wasc.9·5 and 8·5% of dry matter, of which 85 and 89% was provided by calcium soaps, for maize silage and hay diets, respectively. For each group, the four diets were tested in four successive periods from January to June 1988.Total digestibility of dry and organic matter, acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was measured in six wethers of each group by total faeces collection. On cannulated wethers, volatile fatty acid content and composition, pH and NH3-N in rumen liquor were determined four times a day;in saccodegradability of dry matter, ADF and NDF of the forage eaten by the wethers was estimated by the kinetics of incubation in the rumen.In vivoandin saccoresults showed that dry matter and organic matter digestibilities were not modified by the nature of concentrates. Cell wall digestibility was higher for fibre concentrates than for starchy concentrates, by 4·1 and 6·2 percentage units for NDF in maize silage and hay groups, respectively. Volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia concentrations were higher and pH was lower with the maize silage than with the hay diet.Lipid supply slightly increased cell wall digestibility in the group fed maize silage by 7·5 and 2·0 percentage units for starch and fibre concentrates, respectively. This surprising increase was related to an improvement inin saccodegradability. In all diets, lipid supply increased pH, but variations in VFA concentration and pattern were low. Interactions between the nature of concentrate and lipid supply were moderate, but were higher in the group fed maize silage than in the group fed hay, especially for total digestibility.

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Digestion and utilization of straw. 1. Effect of different chemical treatments on degradability and digestibility of barley straw by sheep

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100041362 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 69-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

S. T. M. Fahmy ◽

E. R. Ørskov

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Sulphuric Acid ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Latin Square ◽

Barley Straw ◽

Urine Excretion ◽

In Sacco

ABSTRACTBarley straw was treated with anhydrous ammonia, sodium hydroxide, ammonia plus sodium hydroxide, sulphuric acid or ammonia plus sulphuric acid to study the effect on the digestibility of straw and the degradability of the straw in the rumen of sheep.In experiment 1 four wethers fitted with rumen cannulae were given ammonia-treated straw to appetite and were used for measuring the dry- and organic-matter degradability of straw in the rumen after different in sacco incubation times. The organic-matter degradability (g/kg) after 48 h in sacco incubation was 459, 603, 576 and 660 for control, ammonia, sodium hydroxide and ammonia plus sodium hydroxide-treated straw respectively. Each treatment improved the degradability significantly (P < 0·01). The effect of ammonia plus sodium hydroxide treatment on rumen degradability of straw was additive (P < 0·05).In experiment 2 the treated straws studied in experiment 1 were given to four wethers in a 4 × 4 Latin-square design, to measure the voluntary intake, digestibility, water consumption and urine excretion. The digestibility (g/kg) and daily intake of digestible organic matter (g/kg M0·75 per day) were 554, 12·5; 628, 24·7; 653, 19·7; and 668, 24·3 for the control, ammonia, sodium hydroxide and ammonia plus sodium hydroxide-treated straws, respectively. Intake of ammonia-treated straw was significantly greater than for sodium hydroxide-treated straw (P < 0·01). The water consumption and urine excretion by sheep were increased significantly by sodium hydroxide and ammonia plus sodium hydroxide treatments (P < 0·01).In experiment 3, either straw or ammonia-treated straw were treated with 20, 40 and 60 g sulphuric acid (200 ml/1 solution per kg). The degradability of the acid-treated straws was measured using three wethers fitted with cannulae and given ammonia-treated straw to appetite. The dry-matter degradabilities (g/kg) after 48 h in sacco incubation were 52·0, 53·9, 58·7 and 67·4 for the control, and 20, 40 and 60 g acid per kg treatments, whereas the values were 61·3, 60·4, 68·4 and 69·4 for the ammonia-treated straw, and 20, 40 and 60 g acid per kg treatments respectively. There was a significant effect of acid treatment and ammonia treatment on dry-matter degradability.

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Studies On Browse Plants in Ghana II. Digestibility, (d) Digestibility Of Grewia Carpinifolia From The Accra Plains, Using Local Cattle As Experimental Animals

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700100067 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 113-117

Author(s):

G. L. Mabey ◽

R. Rose Innes

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Experimental Animals ◽

Nutritive Values ◽

Digestible Crude Protein ◽

Accra Plains

SummaryDigestibility of the palatable indigenous shrub Grewia carpinifolia was investigated. Digestion coefficients (%) were—organic matter 70, dry matter 70, crude protein 78, crude fibre 54, nitrogenfree extract 81, ether extract 13 and ash 52. Calculated nutritive values were—starch equivalent 27.3 and digestible crude protein 5.0, giving a nutritive ratio of about 1 : 5. The material used was moderately young.

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Assessment of the Content of Dry Matter and Dry Organic Matter in Compost with Neural Modelling Methods

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11040307 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 307

Author(s):

Dawid Wojcieszak ◽

Maciej Zaborowicz ◽

Jacek Przybył ◽

Piotr Boniecki ◽

Aleksander Jędruś

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Neural Model ◽

Original Method ◽

Neural Models ◽

Test Error ◽

Effective Assessment ◽

Modelling Methods

Neural image analysis is commonly used to solve scientific problems of biosystems and mechanical engineering. The method has been applied, for example, to assess the quality of foodstuffs such as fruit and vegetables, cereal grains, and meat. The method can also be used to analyse composting processes. The scientific problem lets us formulate the research hypothesis: it is possible to identify representative traits of the image of composted material that are necessary to create a neural model supporting the process of assessment of the content of dry matter and dry organic matter in composted material. The effect of the research is the identification of selected features of the composted material and the methods of neural image analysis resulted in a new original method enabling effective assessment of the content of dry matter and dry organic matter. The content of dry matter and dry organic matter can be analysed by means of parameters specifying the colour of compost. The best developed neural models for the assessment of the content of dry matter and dry organic matter in compost are: in visible light RBF 19:19-2-1:1 (test error 0.0922) and MLP 14:14-14-11-1:1 (test error 0.1722), in mixed light RBF 30:30-8-1:1 (test error 0.0764) and MLP 7:7-9-7-1:1 (test error 0.1795). The neural models generated for the compost images taken in mixed light had better qualitative characteristics.

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Population improvement and synthetic cultivar production in forage kale (Brassica oleracea L.)

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/s10681-021-02880-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 217 (7) ◽

Author(s):

John E. Bradshaw

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Annual Cycle ◽

Dry Matter ◽

No Reduction ◽

Optimum Number ◽

Breeding Method ◽

Thiocyanate Ion ◽

Digestible Organic Matter ◽

Population Improvement ◽

Field Transplant

AbstractExperimental results are brought together to demonstrate that forage kale population improvement involving full-sib and selfed families can be done on an annual cycle, followed by production of a synthetic cultivar. Furthermore, this new breeding method compares favourably with the two successful methods used to date, namely triple-cross hybrid cultivars from inbreeding and crossbreeding programmes and open-pollinated cultivars from population improvement programmes. The key findings were that natural vernalization of kale in south east Scotland occurred by mid-December so that plants could be pollinated in a glasshouse with heating and lighting by the end of February and seed harvested by the end of May. The resulting full-sib or selfed families could be assessed in a field transplant trial in the same year, from June to November, thus completing an annual cycle. Self-pollination resulted in shorter plants with lower fresh-weight, dry-matter and digestible organic-matter yields, and undesirably higher contents of S-methylcysteine sulphoxide, the haemolytic anaemia factor, and the goitrogenic thiocyanate ion. As a consequence of digestible organic-matter yield being reduced by as much as 22%, the estimated optimum number of selfed parents in a synthetic cultivar was four to eight. Synthetic cultivars are expected to yield as well as triple-cross hybrids as there was no reduction in yield when the latter were open-pollinated.

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