scholarly journals The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the adult population of Russia (NATION study)

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan I. Dedov ◽  
Marina V. Shestakova ◽  
Gagik R. Galstyan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim. To estimate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Russian adults.Materials and methods. NATION was a national, epidemiological, observational, cross-sectional study. The sample of adults (20–79 years old) was stratified by age, sex, geographic region and settlement type to obtain a representative sample. Recruitment was performed in public areas with large number of people. T2DM was diagnosed by glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (diabetes: HbA1c≥6.5%; pre-diabetes: HbA1c≥5.7% to 6.5%). Socio-demographic and anthropometric data were collected.Results. Blood samples from 26,620 subjects were available. Overall, 5.4% were diagnosed with T2DM (2.5% were previously diagnosed and 2.9% were previously undiagnosed); 19.3% were pre-diabetic. T2DM prevalence increased with age (up to 70 years), and no significant difference was revealed between females and males (5.6% vs. 5.1%). The estimated prevalence of pre-diabetes and T2DM tended to increase with increasing BMI. T2DM prevalence varied by geographic region and was higher in rural areas than in urban areas (6.7% vs. 5.0%, p 0.001).Conclusion. Approximately one in five adult Russians had pre-diabetes, 5.4% had T2DM and about half of the diabetic subjects were previously undiagnosed. These results demonstrate the need for new programs in the Russian Federation to predict, prevent and manage T2DM.

Glycemic Control Comparative of Metformin and Glimepiride in Monotherapy of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient at Islamic Jemursari Hospital Surabaya in 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Rachma Putri Nariswari ◽  
Gwenny Ichsan Prabowo ◽  
Hermina Novida ◽  
Nurina Hasanatuludhhiyah
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Patient ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tissue Sensitivity

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is caused by decreased tissue sensitivity to insulin. The prevalence of diabetes in the world has almost doubled since 1980, from 4.7% to 8.5% in adult population. Early diagnosis and treatment aimed at normalizing glycemic control are very important. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare glycemic control of metformin and glimepiride in monotherapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Islamic Jemursari Hospital Surabaya. Method: This was a retrospective observational study using secondary data (medical record), include glycemic control (RPG) before and two months after receiving therapy of outpatients’ type 2 diabetes mellitus with metformin or glimepiride therapy in 2018. 96 samples were found that fit the inclusion criteria. The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Result: Most patients were female, aged 50-69 years old, and dosage of metformin therapy 1500 mg/day or glimepiride therapy 2 mg/day. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) of glycemic control (RPG) of metformin compared to glimepiride therapies in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Islamic Jemursari Hospital Surabaya in 2018. Conclusion: Metformin and glimepiride were not significantly different in glycemic control (RPG). There were patients with RPG >200 mg/dl after two months of metformin or glimepiride therapy.  

Innate immunity alterations in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: understanding infection susceptibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ochoa-González Fátima de Lourdes ◽  
González-Curiel Irma Elizabeth ◽  
Cervantes-Villagrana Al-berto Rafael ◽  
Fernández-Ruiz Julio Cesar ◽  
Castañeda-Delgado Julio Enrique
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms

: Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by marked alterations in the metabolism of glucose andby high con-centrations of glucose in the blood due to a decreased insulin production or resistance to the action of this hormone in pe-ripheral tissues. The International Diabetes Federation estimates a global incidence of diabetes of about 10% in the adult population (20 -79 years old), some 430 million cases reported worldwide in 2018. It is well documented that people with diabetes have a higher susceptibility to infectious diseases and therefore show higher morbidity and mortality compared to the non-diabetic population. Given that the innate immune response plays a fundamental role in protecting against invading pathogens through a myriad of humoral and cellular mechanisms, the present work makes a comprehensive review of the innate immune alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) as well as a brief description of the molecular events leading or associated to such conditions.We show that in these patients a compromised innate immune response in-creases susceptibility to infections.

scholarly journals Application value of combination therapy of periodontal curettage and root planing on moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghuan Bian ◽  
Changhao Liu ◽  
Zhaojiang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Root Planing ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hs Crp

Abstract Background Our study attempted to observe the value of periodontal curettage combined with root planing on moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods There involved 72 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2019. The patients enrolled were randomly divided into four groups using a computer-generated table: root planing and periodontal curettage combined group (n = 18), root planning group (n = 18), periodontal curettage group (n = 18) and cleansing group (n = 18). Blood glucose, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), serum levels of inflammatory factors (Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha [TNF- α] and hypersensitive C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]) were observed before and after treatment. The collecting dates were analyzed by the chi-square χ 2 test, repeated measurement analysis of variance, or t-test according to different data types and research objectives. Results Before treatment, there was no significant difference in PI, GI, PD and AL among the four groups (P> 0.05), while after 3-month treatment, the levels of PI, GI, PD and AL in the combined group were lower than those in the root planing group, periodontal curettage group and cleansing group, with both root planing group and periodontal curettage group significantly lower than cleansing group (P< 0.05). The fasting blood glucose, 2-h postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in the combined group, root planing group, periodontal curettage group and cleansing group were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in TNF- α and hs-CRP among the four groups (P> 0.05), but the levels of TNF- α and hs-CRP in the four groups decreased significantly after 3-month treatment (P< 0.05). The levels of TNF- α and hs-CRP in the combined group were lower than those in the root planing group, periodontal curettage group and cleansing group, and those in the root planing group and periodontal curettage group were significantly lower than those in the cleansing group (P< 0.05). Conclusion The combination therapy of periodontal curettage and root planing exerted beneficial effects on moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which holds the potential to maintain the level of blood glucose and improve the quality of life of the patients.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on CYP450 metabolic activities: protocol for a case–control pharmacokinetic study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e020922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Gravel ◽  
Jean-Louis Chiasson ◽  
Suzanne Dallaire ◽  
Jacques Turgeon ◽  
Veronique Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Probe Drug ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionDiabetes affects more than 9% of the adult population worldwide. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) show variable responses to some drugs which may be due, in part, to variability in the functional activity of drug-metabolising enzymes including cytochromes P450 (CYP450s). CYP450 is a superfamily of enzymes responsible for xenobiotic metabolism. Knowledge must be gained on the impact of T2DM and related inflammatory processes on drug metabolism and its consequences on drug response. The aim of this study is to characterise the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4/5 in T2DM versus non-T2DM subjects following the administration of a cocktail of probe drug substrates.Methods and analysisThis single-centre clinical study proposes the first detailed characterisation of T2DM impacts on major CYP450 drug-metabolising enzyme activities. We intend to recruit 42 patients with controlled T2DM (A1C≤7%), 42 patients with uncontrolled T2DM (A1C>7%) and 42 non-diabetic control subjects. The primary objective is to determine and compare major CYP450 activities in patients with T2DM versus non-diabetic subjects by dosing in plasma and urine probe drug substrates and metabolites following the oral administration of a drug cocktail: caffeine (CYP1A2), bupropion (CYP2B6), tolbutamide (CYP2C9), omeprazole (CYP2C19), dextromethorphan (CYP2D6), chlorzoxazone (CYP2E1) and midazolam (CYP3A4/5). Secondary objectives will evaluate the influence of variables such as glycaemia, insulinaemia, genetic polymorphisms and inflammation. The value of an endogenous biomarker of CYP3A activity is also evaluated. The first patient was recruited in May 2015 and patients will be enrolled up to completion of study groups.Ethics and disseminationApproval was obtained from the ethic review board of the CHUM research centre (Montreal, Canada).Trial registration numberNCT02291666.

Lack of effect of the SLC47A1 and SLC47A2 gene polymorphisms on the glycemic response to metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Marshall Raj ◽  
Jayanthi Mathaiyan ◽  
Mukta Wyawahare ◽  
Rekha Priyadarshini
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Dose Requirement ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background This work aimed to evaluate the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SLC47A1 (922-158G>A; rs2289669) and SLC47A2 (−130G>A; rs12943590) genes on the relative change in HbA1c in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients of South India who are taking metformin as monotherapy. It also aims to study the effects of these SNPs on the dose requirement of metformin for glycemic control and the adverse effects of metformin. Methods Diabetes patients on metformin monotherapy were recruited based on the eligibility criteria (n=105). DNA was extracted and genotyping was performed with a real-time PCR system using TaqMan® SNP genotyping assay method. The HbA1c levels were measured using Bio-Rad D-10™ Hemoglobin Analyzer. Results After adjusting for multiple comparisons (Bonferroni correction) the difference found in the glycemic response between the “GG” genotype and “AG/AA” genotype groups of the SLC47A2 gene was not significant (p=0.027; which was greater than the critical value of 0.025). Patients with “GG” genotype showed a 5.5% decrease in HbA1c from baseline compared to those with the “AG/AA” genotype (0.1% increase). The SNP in the SLC47A1 gene also did not influence the glycemic response to metformin (p=0.079). The median dose requirements based on the genotypes of the rs12943590 variant (p=0.357) or rs2289669 variant (p=0.580) were not significantly different. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse effects across the genotypes in both the SLC47A1 (p=0.615) and SLC47A2 (p=0.309) genes. Conclusions The clinical response to metformin was not associated with the SNPs in the SLC47A1 and SLC47A2 genes coding for the multidrug and toxin extrusion protein (MATE) transporters. Furthermore, the studied SNPs had no influence on the dose requirement or adverse effects of metformin.

Prevalence and determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Greek adult population

HORMONES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Tsirona ◽  
Fotis Katsaros ◽  
Alexandra Bargiota ◽  
Stergios A. Polyzos ◽  
George Arapoglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adult Population

scholarly journals TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS;

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
GHULAM HUSSAIN BALOCH ◽  
ABDUL QADIR DALL ◽  
ATIF SITWAT HAYAT ◽  
Syed Zulfiquar Ali Shah ◽  
Bikha Ram Devrajani
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Molar

Objective: To determine the frequency and pattern of dental carries in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Design: Crosssectional descriptive study. Patients and methods: Patients with history of type 2 diabetes mellitus for ≥ 02 years duration with ≥ 35 years ofage and of either gender with dental pain visit at medical and dental outpatient department (OPD) of Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad.The detail history was taken and the blood samples were taken for haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) to assess the glycemic status. The existenceof dental carries and its pattern was diagnosed through dental examination by consultant dentist had clinical experience ≥05 years. The datawas collected on pre-designed proforma, entered and analyzed in SPSS version 11.00. Results: A total of 137 type 2 diabetic patients wereselected for this study, out of these 82 were males and 55 females. The dental carries was found in 98 (71.5%) patients. Out of these ninetyeight, 53 (54.08%) were males and 45 (45.92%) were female. Upper molar teeth involvement was present in 46 patients and lower molarteeth were involved in 52 patients. Dentine carries was seen in 35 patients, enamel carries in 19, white spot carries in 20 patients, pulpitis in16 patients, and pulp capping in 8 patients. Involvement of individual teeth was also assessed, the upper molar involvement was present in32 patients, premolar involvement was present in 11, incisor involvement in 03 patients. The lower molars were involved in 28 patients,lower pre molar in 21 and lower incisors in 03 patients. Dental carries was present in 43 (43.9%) patients in patients whose duration ofdiabetes was between 5-10 years, whereas those patients having duration >10 years had 31.6% frequency of dental carries, whileregarding duration of <5 years only 24 (24.5%) patients had dental carries. Conclusions: The diabetic patients are more prone to acquiredental caries.

scholarly journals Prevalence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamia Oulkadi ◽  
Bouchra Amine ◽  
Imane El binoune ◽  
Samira Rostom ◽  
Rachid Bahiri
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prevalence Of Osteoporosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis are chronic diseases with increasing prevalence. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture in women with T2DM and to identify predictive factors of fracture occurrence. The prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures in postmenopausal women with T2DM was 23.1% and 16.9%, respectively. 46.2% of T2DM patients had normal bone mineral density (BMD) (P<0.01) and 58.5% of control subjects had osteopenia (P<0.01). Incidence of fracture in T2DM patients with osteopenia was significantly increased versus control subjects when stratified according the BMD (P=0.009). By stratifying T2DM patients according to fractures, factors that were significantly associated with occurrence included T2DM duration (P=0.038), use of insulin (P=0.017), and lower BMD (P=0.048). Our study suggests that there was a higher prevalence of fracture in T2DM patients compared to control subjects and a significant difference in BMD was found between the groups. We also showed that insulin use, low BMD, and long duration of T2DM are factors associated with an increased risk of bone fracture.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document