scholarly journals Pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and methods of therapy of hypothalamic obesity

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
E Iu Il'ina ◽  
N A Strebkova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hypothalamic Obesity ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

The authors present the current literature data concerning pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of hypothalamic obesity along with methods of its treatment. Lesions in the hypothalamus associated with infiltrative processes, neoplastic growth, and consequences of medical interventions not infrequently lead to the development of obesity characterized by the rapid gain of body weight. The major factor contributing to this increase is the compromised function of the regulatory hypothalamic centres controlling the sense of hunger and satiation and the energy balance. This dysregulation is responsible for hyperphagia, vegetative disorders, reduced energy expenditure, and hyperinsulinemia. It is extremely difficult to control the body weight only by adhering to diet guidelines and altering the lifestyle. The weight-losing efficacy of the present-day pharmacotherapy targeted for modulation of insulin secretion and activation of sympathetic nervous system is rather low and does not ensure the desired prevention of the weight gain. More detailed information about the risk factors and pathogenetic mechanisms of hypothalamic obesity is needed to develop efficacious therapeutic strategies for the treatment of this condition.

HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE INTESTINES OF POULTRY DURING FODDER INTOXICATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.P. Dolgov ◽  
◽  
A.A. Abramov ◽  
E.V. Kuzminova ◽  
E.V. Rogaleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Beet Pulp

The article presents the data on the study of the influence of mycotoxins combination (T-2 toxin at the concentration of 0.095 mg/kg and aflatoxin B1 in the concentration of 0.019 mg/kg) on the body of quails and the results of pharmacocorrection of toxicosis with a complex consisting of beet pulp and lecithin. Structural changes in the intestines of quais at fodder mycotoxicosis are described. The use of antitoxic feed additives in poultry led to a weakening of the action of xenobiotics, which was confirmed by an increase in the safety of poultry and increase in body weight of quails, a decrease in the clinical manifestations of intoxication, as well as in positive changes in the structure of the intestine of the poultry during histological examination.

scholarly journals CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE OBESIDADE/SOBREPESO E PRESSÃO ARTERIAL ELEVADA EM ESCOLARES DE UMA CIDADE DO INTERIOR DE SÃO PAULO

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Marcelo José Alves ◽  
Victor Hugo Santos Zangirolamo ◽  
Carlos Augusto Carvalho Filho ◽  
Everton Alex Carvalho Zanuto ◽  
Diane de Vasconcelos Barrionuevo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Hemodynamic Variables

Currently the Brazilian pediatric population has been exposed to risk factors caused by physical inactivity and poor diet, resulting in an increase in the Body Mass Index (BMI), which can lead to vascular problems even in childhood. The objectivewasto verify the influence of BMIon pressure levels. The sample consisted of 61 children of both sexes, chronological age between six and seven years and regularly enrolled/attending school. These children were evaluated in their hemodynamic variables (systolic -SBP and diastolic –DBP blood pressure), body weight, and height. Mean and standard deviation of participants' ages were 7±0.3 years, SBP had 89.4±10 and DBP of 57±6.9, eutrophic patients had 88.7±1.1 for SBP and 56±5 for DBP,and for those with overweight/obesityof109±5 for SBP and 70.7±8.2 for PAD(p=0.0001).Pearson's correlation for BMI with SBP and DBP was moderate for both, but with beta of 1.53 in linear regression for SBP and 0.96 for DBP. It was concluded thatBMI directly influences systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels and the control of overweight / obesity is necessary at the initial ages of life

DYNAMICS OF SERUM PROTEIN CONTENT AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CHICKENS WITH DIFFERENT TONUS OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Studenok ◽  
◽  
E .O. Shnurenko ◽  
V. O. Trokoz ◽  
V. I. Karposkyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

The main role in maintaining the functioning of the body, its growth, and development belongs to protein. It is involved in the formation of the muscular skeleton and is s part of enzymes, neurotransmitters, hormones. The effect of the autonomic nervous system on total protein metabolism has not been sufficiently studied. It is known that the autonomic nervous system is a structure that is responsible for the homeostasis and stability of the whole organism. It participates in the regulation of the heart, endocrine and external secretion glands, gastrointestinal tract, excretory organs, and more. In our studies, it was found that in chickens of Cobb 500 strain with different tones of the autonomic nervous system during the growing period from the 35th to the 60th day, different contents of total protein, albumin, and globulins were observed and different body weights were recorded. Vagotonic chickens showed the lowest protein metabolism at the age of 35 and 45 days (P ˂ 0.05–0.001) compared with sympathicotonics and normotonics, which tended to increase between 35 and 60 days of rearing compared with other groups of birds, where the studied protein fractions on the contrary decreased. Correlations between total protein, albumin, and bird body weight had a high linear relationship in all groups of chickens (P ˂ 0.05–0.001) and a negative relationship between the 45th and 60th days of rearing in sympathicotonics and normotonics. In birds with a predominance of parasympathetic tone of the autonomic nervous system, this correlation maintained its direction with high reliability (P ˂ 0.05) between body weight and total protein on the 60th day of rearing.

scholarly journals Body Weight at Birth: The Only Risk Factor Associated with Contralateral Clavicular Fracture in Patients with Congenital Muscular Torticollis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeeihn Lee ◽  
Joo Young Cho ◽  
Byung Joo Lee ◽  
Jong Min Kim ◽  
Donghwi Park
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Clavicular Fracture ◽  
Congenital Muscular Torticollis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Muscular Torticollis

Abstract To date and to the best of our knowledge, there have been limited studies on the risk factor of clavicle fracture combined with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT), despite it being the most common fracture in newborns. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with clavicular fracture combined with CMT, and its effect on prognosis. In this study, a total of 134 infants with CMT were included. The risk factors associated with clavicular fracture combined with CMT were analyzed. To analyze the correlation between the clinical parameters and the clavicular fracture in patients with CMT, demographic data, such as body weight at birth, maternal age, gender, gestational age, delivery method, sternocleidomastoid (SCM) thickness of ipsilateral side, its ratio between the ipsilateral and contralateral side, and the first visitation date after birth were evaluated. In the results of this study, the clavicular fracture was found in 15 of 134 patients with CMT (19%). In multivariate logistic analysis, the body weight at birth was the only significant parameter for predicting clavicular fracture in patients with CMT (p-value < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference of treatment duration between CMT infants with or without clavicular fracture. In infants with CMT, the area under the ROC curve of the body weight at birth for predicting clavicular fracture was 0.659 (95% CI, 0.564–0.745.; p < 0.05). The optimal cut-off value obtained from the maximum Youden index J was 3470 g (sensitivity: 57.14%, specificity: 75.76%), and the odd ratio of clavicular fracture in patients with CMT increased by 1.244 times for every 100 g of body weight at birth. In conclusion, birth weight appears to be a clinical predictor of clavicular fracture in infants with CMT. More studies and discussions are needed on whether any screening should be recommended for detecting the concurrent clavicular fracture in subjects with CMT.

scholarly journals BOTULISM. STUDIES ON THE MANNER IN WHICH THE TOXIN OF CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM ACTS UPON THE BODY

1923 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest C. Dickson ◽  
Richard Shevky
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Nerve Impulse ◽  
The Body ◽  
Motor Nerves

A survey of the results of these experiments shows, we believe conclusively, that in botulinus intoxication in cats, dogs, and rabbits there is a specific effect upon the portions of the autonomic nervous system which Gaskell (14) described as the bulbosacral and prosomatic outflows of connector fibers respectively, which results in a blocking of the nerve impulses of these nerves. The experimental as well as the clinical evidence indicates that there is no damage to the nerves of the thoracicolumbar outflow. The exact location of the damage has not been ascertained nor has the mechanism by which the nerve impulse is blocked been determined. The experiments show, however, that the lesions in these portions of the nervous system are not of central distribution but are peripheral, and that the block cannot be due to an organic break in the conduction apparatus but must be due to some derangement which is relatively unstable. If it were otherwise it would not be possible to induce a physiological response even by massive stimulation, nor could the response be subsequently repeated by stimuli which lie within the limits of normal intensity. The application of the results of these experiments to the clinical manifestations of botulism will be discussed in a later report after the effect of the toxin upon the skeletal motor nerves has been described.

scholarly journals Relations between blood supply of brain of students and condition of autonomic nervous system and risk factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Korovina ◽  
T. M. Zaporozhets
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
System State ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Blood Filling ◽  
The Brain

The purpose of our research was to estimate the brain blood supply level by rheoencephalography method in junior students of the Medical academy and to determine the blood supply links with the autonomic regulation state, behavioural and alimentary factors. Rheo-encephalographic study, research of the autonomic nervous system state, heart rate regulation and questioning of 17–29 year-old students have been conducted. Basic hemodynamic indices were normal in all surveyed students. Increase in body weight index enhanced the probability of the brain blood supply deterioration. Adaptation mechanisms tension was accompanied by reduction of the rheographic index. Higher blood filling of the brain vessels corersponded to higher ratio “blood minute volume / due blood minute volume” defined taking into account the system arterial pressure. The quantity of links with indicators of the autonomic nervous system state was limited. Nonlinear dependence of the rheographic index on the Kerdo vegetative index was observed: the rheographic index value was the lowest in students with the autonomic balance by the Kerdo vegetative index; it was the highest in the group with the sympathetic prevalence. Risk factor of blood filling decrease was the reduction in the diet variety when foodstuffs of different groups were included into the diet less than twice a week, or they were excluded from the diet completely. Positive correlation of blood supply was observed more often with frequent consumption of fish, vegetables, and fresh fruits. Increase in the regular alcohol intake experience promoted decrease in brain blood supply and increase in asymmetries of blood supply indicators. The effect of alcohol was essential, despite young age of surveyed students and low level of alcohol consumption. Increase in the experience and intensity of smoking was accompanied by deterioration of brain blood supply indicators. Students with the best blood supply had the better academic progress. Observed multiple correlations of blood supply indicators with behavioural factors allowed to assert that reduction of risk factors (control of body weight, variety and full value of a diet, refusal of smoking, alcohol restriction even below doses which are considered safe) would allow to improve the brain blood supply.

scholarly journals Detection of subclinical skin manifestation in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis by fluorescence optical imaging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelique Schmidt ◽  
Anne-Marie Glimm ◽  
Ida Kristin Haugen ◽  
Paula Hoff ◽  
Gabriela Schmittat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Fluorescence Optical Imaging

Abstract Objectives: To investigate the frequency of subclinical skin inflammation in both hands by fluorescence optical imaging (FOI) in patients with psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis (Pso/PsA) vs. rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy individuals, and to correlate these findings with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors.Patients and Methods: The FOI scans were analyzed retrospectively to detect clinically invisible skin enhancement (0-3 scale) in both hands without relationship to underlying joints or blood vessels. We further characterized the FOI patterns and sorted the scans into groups based on the assumed diagnosis (Pso/PsA, RA and healthy controls), which was compared with the physician’s diagnosis. Furthermore, the associations between CV risk factors and imaging findings were investigated by regression analyses.Results: We included FOI scans of patients with Pso/PsA (n=80), RA (n=78) and healthy controls (n=25). Subclinical skin enhancement on the back of their hands was more common in Pso/PsA (72.5%) than in RA patients (20.5%) and healthy individuals (28.0%) (p<0.001). Based on the FOI pattern, the majority of patients with Pso/PsA (72.5%), RA (76.9%) and healthy controls (68.0%) were classified correctly using the physician-based diagnosis as reference (overall agreement of 74%, kappa=0.57). No CV risk factors except body weight (kg) was associated with subclinical skin enhancement (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.06; p<0.001). Conclusion: Subclinical subdermal skin inflammation was common in Pso/PsA patients using FOI. Based on the FOI pattern, most patients with Pso/PsA and were classified with the correct diagnosis. We demonstrated an important influence of the body weight on our FOI results. FOI may be a helpful novel tool to study microcirculation in rheumatic diseases with skin involvement.

scholarly journals Histological study of the effects of aluminum chloride exposure on the brain of wistar rats female

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-s) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Hadjer Bekhedda ◽  
Norredine Menadi ◽  
Abbassia Demmouche ◽  
Abdelaziz Ghani ◽  
Hicham Mai
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Weight ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: Aluminum (Al) has the potential to be neurotoxic in human and animals, is present everywhere in the environment, many manufactured foods and medicines and is also added to drinking water for purification purposes and tooth paste cosmetic products They accumulate in living organisms and disrupt balances, and accumulate in the body biological systems, causing toxic effects (They may affect the nervous system, kidney, liver, respiratory or other functions). Nervous system is a vulnerable target for toxicants due to critical voltages which must be maintained in the cells and the all responses when voltages reach threshold levels. Objective This study aimed to expose the impact of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) on brain architecture. Methods: In our study, twenty healthy female rats were intraperitoneal administered of aluminum chloride (ALCL3) at 10 mg / kg body weight with consecutively for 15 day Result. The results showed a highly significant reduction in body weight (p<0.0001).  This is because aluminum has an anorectic effect contrariwise, there is no significant impact of aluminium exposure has been observed with respect to brain weight and relative brain weight respectively (p<0.912), (p<0.45). The histological study describes the alterations in the brain marked tissue necrosis and cytoplasmic vacuolations and karyopyknosis of neuronal cells of the brain. Conclusion; Aluminum is a toxic heavy metal and a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. It can alter the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and enter the brain, severely affecting the functioning of the nervous system. Keywords: Toxicity, brain, Aluminium chloride, Rats female, necrosis.

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