scholarly journals Single-input, multiple-output iterative algorithm for the calculation of volume, area, elevation, and shape using 3D topobathymetric models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Luis Rojas-Villalobos ◽  
Blair Stringam ◽  
Zohrab Samani ◽  
Luis Carlos Alatorre Cejudo ◽  
Christopher Brown
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Single Input ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Area And Volume

Most methods for estimating the morphometric values of water bodies use equations derived from hypsographic curves or digital terrain models (DTMs) that relate depth, volume (V), and area (A) and that model the uncertainty inherent in the complex underwater morphology. This research focuses directly on the use of topobathymetric models that include the bathymetry and topography of the surrounding area next to the water body. The projection of the water surface height (H) on each DTM pixel generates a water column with intrinsic attributes such as volume and area. The process is replicated among all cells and estimates the total area and volume of the water body. If the V or A is the input data, an algorithm that iterates height values is used to generate the new data, which is compared with the entered value that functions as a reference. If the difference between the reference value and the calculated value is less than an error threshold, the iteration stops, and the maximum and average depths are calculated. The raster and the shape that represent the body of water are created. The cross comparison of H-V-A showed that there is an error between 0.0034% and 0.000039% when any of the parameters are used as input data. Performance tests determined that pixel dimensions are directly proportional to the processing time for each iteration. The results of the implementation of this algorithm were satisfactory since, for the DTM of Bustillos Lagoon, Chihuahua, Mexico, the simulation took less than 17 seconds in at most 22 iterations.

scholarly journals Changing the geometry of basins and water resources of Lakes Gopło and Ostrowskie under the influence of anthropopressure

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piasecki Adam ◽  
Skowron Rajmund
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Area And Volume

Abstract The paper presents the changes that have occurred in the morphometry of Lakes Gopło and Ostrowskie, which are located in central Poland. The analysis covered the period characterised by increased human interference into the water cycle, which has been taking place continually since the mid-eighteenth century. On the basis of available cartographic materials (aerial photographs, topographic maps, bathymetric charts of the lakes) and the authors’ own field measurements digital terrain models were developed for the immediate environment of the surveyed lakes. These models, in turn, were used for measuring basic parameters characterising the external dimensions of the lakes (surface area, length and maximum width, shoreline length) and their underwater relief (volume, maximum and average depth). In addition, the selected indicators of the shape and form of the lake basins were determined. The results showed a drastic reduction of water resources of the two lakes. The basin of Lake Gopło covers only the deepest parts of the former reservoir, accounting for only 23.3% of the lake before 1772, and 32.5% of its former volume. In the case of Lake Ostrowskie the surface area and volume decreased, respectively, by 23.5% (74.9 ha) and 21.3% (6 695 000 m3). Such large changes in surface area and volume of both lakes have contributed to significant changes in other morphometric parameters and indicators. In particular, significant changes were observed in relation to such morphometric characteristics as length and maximum width, as well as average and maximum depth.

scholarly journals Simulation of Images and Digital Terrain Models for the Mission BepiColombo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolò Borin ◽  
Cristina Re ◽  
Emanuele Simioni ◽  
Stefano Debei ◽  
Gabriele Cremonese
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Image Simulation ◽  
Digital Terrain Models ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Stereo Reconstruction ◽  
Acquisition Strategy ◽  
The Creation

AbstractBepiColombo mission will provide Digital Terrain Models of the surface of Mercury by means of the stereo channel of the SIMBIO-SYS (Spectrometer and Imaging for MPO BepiColombo Integrated Observatory SYStem) imaging package onboard. The work here described presents a novel approach for the creation of higher resolution stereo products using the high-resolution channel of SIMBIO-SYS. Being the camera rigidly integrated with the spacecraft, this latter must be tilted to acquire stereo pairs necessary for the 3D reconstruction. A new method for image simulation and stereo reconstruction is presented in this work, where the input data are chosen as closely as possible to the real mission parameters. Different simulations are executed changing the illumination conditions and the stereo angles. The Digital Terrain Models obtained are evaluated and an analysis of the best acquisition conditions is performed, helping to improve the image acquisition strategy of BepiColombo mission. In addition, a strategy for the creation of a mosaic from different images acquired with the high-resolution channel of SIMBIO-SYS is explained, giving the possibility to obtain tridimensional products of extended targets.

scholarly journals Automated Detection of Field Monuments in Digital Terrain Models of Westphalia Using OBIA

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Meyer ◽  
Ingo Pfeffer ◽  
Carsten Jürgens
Keyword(s):  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Archaeological Prospection ◽  
Object Based Image Analysis ◽  
Difference Map ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
The Difference

While Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) revolutionized archaeological prospection and different visualizations were developed, an automated detection of cultural heritage still poses a significant challenge. Therefore, geographers and archaeologists from Westphalia, Germany are developing automated workflows for classifying field monuments from special terrain models. For this project, a combination of GIS, Python, and Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) is used. It focuses on three common types of monuments: Ridge and Furrow areas, Burial Mounds, and Motte-and-Bailey castles. The latter two are not classified binary, but in multiple classes, depending on their degree of erosion. This simplifies interpretation by highlighting the most interesting structures without losing the others. The results confirm that OBIA is suitable for detecting field monuments with hit rates of ~90%. A drawback is its dependency on the use of special terrain models like the Difference Map. Further limitations arise in complex terrain situations.

scholarly journals In Vivo Foot and Ankle Kinematics During Activities Measured by Using a Dual Fluoroscopic Imaging System: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongqiang Ye ◽  
Xiaole Sun ◽  
Cui Zhang ◽  
Shen Zhang ◽  
Xini Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Human Foot ◽  
Fluoroscopic Imaging ◽  
The Difference

Foot and ankle joints are complicated anatomical structures that combine the tibiotalar and subtalar joints. They play an extremely important role in walking, running, jumping and other dynamic activities of the human body. The in vivo kinematic analysis of the foot and ankle helps deeply understand the movement characteristics of these structures, as well as identify abnormal joint movements and treat related diseases. However, the technical deficiencies of traditional medical imaging methods limit studies on in vivo foot and ankle biomechanics. During the last decade, the dual fluoroscopic imaging system (DFIS) has enabled the accurate and noninvasive measurements of the dynamic and static activities in the joints of the body. Thus, this method can be utilised to quantify the movement in the single bones of the foot and ankle and analyse different morphological joints and complex bone positions and movement patterns within these organs. Moreover, it has been widely used in the field of image diagnosis and clinical biomechanics evaluation. The integration of existing single DFIS studies has great methodological reference value for future research on the foot and ankle. Therefore, this review evaluated existing studies that applied DFIS to measure the in vivo kinematics of the foot and ankle during various activities in healthy and pathologic populations. The difference between DFIS and traditional biomechanical measurement methods was shown. The advantages and shortcomings of DFIS in practical application were further elucidated, and effective theoretical support and constructive research direction for future studies on the human foot and ankle were provided.

scholarly journals Body Height of Elite Basketball Players: Do Taller Basketball Teams Rank Better at the FIBA World Cup?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3141
Author(s):  
Ivan Zarić ◽  
Filip Kukić ◽  
Nemanja Jovićević ◽  
Milan Zarić ◽  
Milan Marković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
The World ◽  
Basketball Team ◽  
The Difference

Body height is among the most important attributes of basketball players. Whether it differs among the basketball players who compete at the world basketball championship (FIBA-WC) is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between the basketball players from the teams ranked 1–16 and those ranked below 16th place. The body heights of all players from the last three FIBA-WCs were collected and allocated according to the ranking at the FIBA-WC and analyzed by position in team. An independent sample t-test was conducted to analyze the difference in body height of players ranked 1–16 and players who ranked below 16th place. The players from the first 16 teams were significantly taller at three positions: point guards (Difference = 2.92 cm, p < 0.05), shooting guards (Difference = 2.16 cm, p < 0.05), and small forwards (Difference = 2.49 cm, p < 0.01). Body height seems to be an important factor for the performance of the basketball team at the FIBA-WC. Considering that all players at the FIBA-WC went through rigorous selection process to be in their national teams, body height of the higher-ranked players could be used as a reference value.

scholarly journals Impact of input data (in)accuracy on overestimation of visible area in digital viewshed models

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Lagner ◽  
Tomáš Klouček ◽  
Petra Šímová
Keyword(s):  
Input Data ◽  
Computational Algorithm ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Levels Of Detail ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Viewshed Analysis ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Visible Area

Viewshed analysis is a GIS tool in standard use for more than two decades to perform numerous scientific and practical tasks. The reliability of the resulting viewshed model depends on the computational algorithm and the quality of the input digital surface model (DSM). Although many studies have dealt with improving viewshed algorithms, only a few studies have focused on the effect of the spatial accuracy of input data. Here, we compare simple binary viewshed models based on DSMs having varying levels of detail with viewshed models created using LiDAR DSM. The compared DSMs were calculated as the sums of digital terrain models (DTMs) and layers of forests and buildings with expertly assigned heights. Both elevation data and the visibility obstacle layers were prepared using digital vector maps differing in scale (1:5,000, 1:25,000, and 1:500,000) as well as using a combination of a LiDAR DTM with objects vectorized on an orthophotomap. All analyses were performed for 104 sample locations of 5 km2, covering areas from lowlands to mountains and including farmlands as well as afforested landscapes. We worked with two observer point heights, the first (1.8 m) simulating observation by a person standing on the ground and the second (80 m) as observation from high structures such as wind turbines, and with five estimates of forest heights (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 m). At all height estimations, all of the vector-based DSMs used resulted in overestimations of visible areas considerably greater than those from the LiDAR DSM. In comparison to the effect from input data scale, the effect from object height estimation was shown to be secondary.

Our Bodies, Whose Property?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

No one wants to be treated like an object, regarded as an item of property, or put up for sale. Yet many people frame personal autonomy in terms of self-ownership, representing themselves as property owners with the right to do as they wish with their bodies. Others do not use the language of property, but are similarly insistent on the rights of free individuals to decide for themselves whether to engage in commercial transactions for sex, reproduction, or organ sales. Drawing on analyses of rape, surrogacy, and markets in human organs, this book challenges notions of freedom based on ownership of our bodies and argues against the normalization of markets in bodily services and parts. The book explores the risks associated with metaphors of property and the reasons why the commodification of the body remains problematic. The book asks what is wrong with thinking of oneself as the owner of one's body? What is wrong with making our bodies available for rent or sale? What, if anything, is the difference between markets in sex, reproduction, or human body parts, and the other markets we commonly applaud? The book contends that body markets occupy the outer edges of a continuum that is, in some way, a feature of all labor markets. But it also emphasizes that we all have bodies, and considers the implications of this otherwise banal fact for equality. Bodies remind us of shared vulnerability, alerting us to the common experience of living as embodied beings in the same world. Examining the complex issue of body exceptionalism, the book demonstrates that treating the body as property makes human equality harder to comprehend.

Theory-Practice Gap: The Experiences of Nigerian Nursing Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Titilayo Dorothy Odetola ◽  
Olusola Oluwasola ◽  
Christoph Pimmer ◽  
Oluwafemi Dipeolu ◽  
Samson Oluwayemi Akande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Staff ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Practice Gap ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Theory Practice Gap

The “disconnect” between the body of knowledge acquired in classroom settings and the application of this knowledge in clinical practice is one of the main reasons for professional fear, anxiety and feelings of incompetence among freshly graduated nurses. While the phenomenon of the theory-to-practice gap has been researched quite extensively in high-income country settings much less is known about nursing students’ experiences in a developing country context. To rectify this shortcoming, the qualitative study investigated the experiences of nursing students in their attempt to apply what they learn in classrooms in clinical learning contexts in seven sites in Nigeria. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse data gained from eight focus group discussions (n = 80) with the students. The findings reveal a multifaceted theory-practice gap which plays out along four tensions: (1) procedural, i.e. the difference between practices from education institutions and the ones enacted in clinical wards – and contradictions that emerge even within one clinical setting; (2) political, i.e. conflicts that arise between students and clinical staff, especially personnel with a lower qualification profile than the degree that students pursue; (3) material, i.e. the disconnect between contemporary instruments and equipment available in schools and the lack thereof in clinical settings; and (4) temporal, i.e. restricted opportunities for supervised practice owing to time constraints in clinical settings in which education tends to be undervalued. Many of these aspects are linked to and aggravated by infrastructural limitations, which are typical for the setting of a developing country. Nursing students need to be prepared regarding how to deal with the identified procedural, political, material and temporal tensions before and while being immersed in clinical practice, and, in so doing, they need to be supported by educationally better qualified clinical staff.

Perbedaan Penggunaan Antikoagulan K2EDTA DAN K3EDTA Terhadap Hasil Pemeriksaan Indeks Eritrosit

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Wahdaniah Wahdaniah ◽  
Sri Tumpuk
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ethylene Diamine ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Index Value

Abstract: Routine blood examination is the earliest blood test or screening test to determine the diagnosis of an abnormality. Blood easily froze if it is outside the body and can be prevented by the addition of anticoagulants, one of which Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Currently available vacuum tubes containing EDTA anticoagulants in the form of K2EDTA and K3EDTA. K3EDTA is usually a salt that has better stability than other EDTA salts because it shows a pH approaching a blood pH of about 6.4. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of erythrocyte index results include MCH, MCV and MCHC using K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA. This research is a cross sectional design. This study used venous blood samples mixed with K2EDTA anticoagulant and venous blood mixed with K3EDTA anticoagulants, each of 30 samples. Data were collected and analyzed using paired different test. Based on data analysis that has been done on MCH examination, p value <0,05 then there is a significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value. Then on the examination of MCV and MCHC obtained p value <0.05 then there is no significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value.Abstrak: Pemeriksaan darah rutin merupakan pemeriksaan darah yang paling awal atau screening test untuk mengetahui diagnosis suatu kelainan. Darah mudah membeku jika berada diluar tubuh dan bisa dicegah dengan penambahan antikoagulan, salah satunya Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Dewasa ini telah tersedia tabung vakum yang sudah berisi antikoagulan EDTA dalam bentuk  K2EDTA dan  K3EDTA. K3EDTA  biasanya berupa garam yang mempunyai stabilitas yang lebih baik dari garam EDTA yang lain karena menunjukkan pH yang mendekati pH darah yaitu sekitar 6,4. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil indeks eritrosit meliputi MCH, MCV dan MCHC menggunakan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K2EDTA dan darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA, masing-masing sebanyak 30 sampel. Data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis menggunakan uji beda berpasangan. Berdasarkan analisis data yang telah dilakukan pada pemeriksaan MCH didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit. Kemudian pada pemeriksaan MCV dan MCHC didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit.

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