Investigation of the possible protective effect of Smilax fluminensis steud. leaf in mice subjected to oxidative stress by paracetamol

Paracetamol (PCM) is a drug widely used by the population as an antipyretic and analgesic. If administered in high doses it can cause liver damage, leading to hepatoxicity. The genus Smilax, found in temperate and tropical regions, is traditionally used by the population through the extract of leaves and roots for several conditions, such as in the treatment of syphilis, diabetes, asthma and as a diuretic action. Through this, Smilax fluminensis leaf extracts were used to evaluate the protective effect against oxidative stress induced by a high dose of PCM in mice that received the drug and after receiving treatment with crude extract and fractions. Plasma analysis was performed using as partate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol, in addition to biochemical techniques such as catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (ASA), substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) and carbonylated proteins (CARBONYL) of liver, brain and kidneys. Fraction 1 of the extract was the most promising, decreasing the plasma levels of AST and ALT, the levels of CAT and GST of the liver, together with GSH and in the renal and brain tissue there was a decrease in carbonylated proteins (PCM + F1 versus PCM ). Besides, fraction 1 proved to be hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic. It is concluded that fraction 1 of Smilax fluminensis leaves has good antioxidant activity in the face of the damage caused by the high dose of paracetamol.

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Protective Effect of Tylophora indica against Streptozotocin Induced Pancreatic and Liver Dysfunction in Wistar Rats

Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal ◽

10.13005/bpj/2050 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1755-1763

Author(s):

Swathi Putta ◽

Kotaiah Silakabattini ◽

Jagadeesh Kumar T

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Tylophora Indica ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Liver And Pancreas

The objective of the study is to evaluate the ethanolic leaf extract of Tylophora indica (ELTI) on pancreatic and hepatic oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. The serum blood glucose and liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) were estimated in all the groups. The elevated blood glucose levels and liver enzymes were found to be decreased with ELTI in STZ induced diabetic rats. The activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S- transferase (GST) and the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) were also decreased, while an increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were observed in pancreas and liver with ELTI treatment in STZ induced diabetic rats. Histopathology reveals that the protective effect of ELTI over STZ induced oxidative damage in both liver and pancreas. These results indicated that ELTI has more potential antioxidant effects on diabetic-induced oxidative stress.

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Antioxidant defenses and metabolic depression in a pulmonate land snail

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1995.268.6.r1386 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 268 (6) ◽

pp. R1386-R1393 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

M. Hermes-Lima ◽

K. B. Storey

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Land Snail ◽

Land Snails ◽

Antioxidant Defenses ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Hypometabolic State

During arousal from estivation oxygen consumption by land snails (Otala lactea) increases severalfold. To determine whether snails prepared for an accompanying rise in the rates of oxyradical generation by altering their antioxidant defense mechanisms, changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products were quantified in foot and hepatopancreas of control, 30-day estivating, and aroused snails. Compared with controls, estivating O. lactea showed significant increases in the activities of foot muscle superoxide dismutase (SOD) (increasing by 56-67%), catalase (51-72%), and glutathione S-transferase (79-108%), whereas, in hepatopancreas, SOD (57-78%) and glutathione peroxidase (93-144%) increased. Within 40 min after arousal began, hepatopancreas glutathione peroxidase activity had returned to control values, but SOD showed a further 70% increase in activity but then returned to control levels by 80 min. Estivation had no effect on total glutathione (GSH + 2 GSSG) concentrations in tissues, but GSSG content had increased about twofold in both organs of 30-day dormant snails. Lipid peoxidation (quantified as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) was significantly enhanced at the onset of arousal from dormancy, indicating that oxidative stress and tissue damage occurred at this time. The data suggest that antioxidant defenses in snail organs are increased while snails are in the hypometabolic state as a preparation for oxidative stress during arousal.

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Antioxidant potential of Carica papaya Linn (Caricaceae) leaf extract in mice with cyclophosphamide induced oxidative stress

Scientia Medica ◽

10.15448/1980-6108.2020.1.34702 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. e34702

Author(s):

Tatiane Cordeiro Luiz ◽

Ana Paula Simões Da Cunha ◽

Danilo Henrique Aguiar ◽

Marina Mariko Sugui ◽

Rogério de Campos Bicudo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Red Cell Count ◽

Phytochemical Profile

AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the effects of crude extract of Carica papaya leaves on oxidative stress in mice induced by cyclophosphamide, as well as phytochemical profile characterization of this extract.METHODS: The male Swiss mice received 15 days of treatment with the extract (500 mg kg-1, via gavage) and intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (75 mg kg-1) or saline (0.9%) on the 15th day. After 24 h the last treatment, the animals were anesthetized for blood withdrawal, sacrificed and removal of the organs for analyses (liver, kidney and heart). In the biochemical tests were determined: hematological parameters in blood, aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, glucose and total cholesterol dosages in plasma, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and lipid damage marker were evaluated in different tissues, besides genotoxic and histopathological analyzes.RESULTS: In the extract of Carica papaya leaves, the flavonoids quercetin-3β-D-glucoside and rutin were identified, besides present positive results for alkaloids, saponins and tannins. This extract increased the activity of glutathione-S-transferase and catalase enzymes in the liver and reduced the levels of reduced glutathione in the kidneys and hematocrit levels, red cell count, and hemoglobin. It promoted the decrease of the reactive species of thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) in the kidneys and the activity of enzyme aspartate aminotransferase in the plasma and was antimutagenic in the micronucleus test.CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that extract of Carica papaya was beneficial against oxidative events and prevented DNA damage. The extract also showed hepatotoxicity, therefore prolonged infusion of papaya leaves is not advisable.

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Cerebroprotective Effect ofMoringa oleiferaagainst Focal Ischemic Stroke Induced by Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2013/951415 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Woranan Kirisattayakul ◽

Jintanaporn Wattanathorn ◽

Terdthai Tong-Un ◽

Supaporn Muchimapura ◽

Panakaporn Wannanon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Middle Cerebral Artery ◽

Cerebral Artery ◽

Brain Infarction ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

High Dose ◽

Infarction Volume ◽

Male Wistar Rats

The protection against ischemic stroke is still required due to the limitation of therapeutic efficacy. Based on the role of oxidative stress in stroke pathophysiology, we determined whetherMoringa oleifera, a plant possessing potent antioxidant activity, protected against brain damage and oxidative stress in animal model of focal stroke.M. oleiferaleaves extract at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg·kg−1was orally given to male Wistar rats (300–350 g) once daily at a period of 2 weeks before the occlusion of right middle cerebral artery (Rt.MCAO) and 3 weeks after Rt.MCAO. The determinations of neurological score and temperature sensation were performed every 7 days throughout the study period, while the determinations of brain infarction volume, MDA level, and the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px were performed 24 hr after Rt.MCAO. The results showed that all doses of extract decreased infarction volume in both cortex and subcortex. The protective effect of medium and low doses of extract in all areas occurred mainly via the decreased oxidative stress. The protective effect of the high dose extract in striatum and hippocampus occurred via the same mechanism, whereas other mechanisms might play a crucial role in cortex. The detailed mechanism required further exploration.

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Pengaruh Pemberian Curcumin Terhadap Perbaikan Fungsi Hepar Tikus Putih (Rattus Novergicus) yang diinduksi Parasetamol Dosis Tinggi

Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Wijaya Kusuma ◽

10.30742/jikw.v10i2.1250 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 208

Author(s):

Yolanda Esperanza ◽

Sulistiana Prabowo ◽

Fitri Handajani

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Cellular Responses ◽

High Dose ◽

Toxic Metabolite ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

White Rats ◽

High Doses ◽

Treat Liver Disease ◽

Alt Activity

Paracetamol has analgesic properties comparable to NSAIDs, but paracetamol have minimal side effects. Paracetamol is metabolized via sulfation and glucuronidation conjugation which is then excreted in the urine. A small part of the paracetamol has been changed to NAPQI. NAPQI will be detoxified by gluthathione. In high doses, there in an increase in NAPQI and a decrease in glutathione levels that results in oxidative stress and liver cell necrosis. Curcumin is often used as a traditional medicine to treat liver disease where it contains phenolic groups capable to scavenge free radicals. Curcumin extract can improve cellular responses to oxidative stress such as increasing the expression of Nrf2, SOD, and gluthathione. The purpose of this research was to know the effect of curcumin on the improvement of liver function in white rats (Rattus novergicus) induced by high dose paracetamol. The design of this research was a descriptive research using literature studies from at least 15 international journals indexed by Scimago or national journals indexed by Sinta published in 2015-2020. Based on the journals used in this research, giving curcumin at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW/day for 2 weeks was effective in significantly increasing gluthathione levels in rats receiving high dose paracetamol. Giving curcumin at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW/day for 7 days can reduce AST and ALT activity in rats receiving high dose paracetamol, but the dose of curcumin that was more effective in reducing AST and ALT activity was 200 mg/kg BW/day for 2 weeks. This is because of curcumin which functions as a hepatoprotector that bind directly to the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, thereby reducing the use of glutathione and quench free radicals, so that oxidative stress in the liver decreased and gluthathione levels increased, AST and ALT activity decreased.

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High Dose Pomegranate Extract Suppresses Neutrophil Myeloperoxidase and Induces Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Sepsis

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000563 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 89 (5-6) ◽

pp. 271-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sanaz Tavasoli ◽

Shahryar Eghtesadi ◽

Mohamadreza Vafa ◽

Maziar Moradi-Lakeh ◽

Alireza Sadeghipour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Rat Model ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Cecal Ligation ◽

Total Antioxidant Status ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Pomegranate Juice ◽

High Dose ◽

Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽

Sepsis Induction

Abstract. Introduction: The effect of using high dose pomegranate extract on sepsis and its safety is not clarified. Considering the fact that proper immune and inflammatory responses are needed to cope with infection, the aim of current study was to assess the effect of high dose pomegranate extract consumption on oxidative and inflammatory responses after disease induction in rat model of sepsis. Methods: Sepsis was induced by Cecal Ligation and Perforation (CLP) surgery. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of eight animals: Sham; CLP and POMx [consumed POMx (250 mg of pomegranate fruit extract/kg/day) for four weeks before CLP]. Results: Peritoneal neutrophil myeloperoxidase activity was significantly lower in POMx compared with Sham and CLP groups ( p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Although antioxidant enzymes were higher in POMx group after sepsis induction, lower serum total antioxidant status (TAS) (p < 0.01 compared with both CLP and Sham groups) and higher liver thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) levels were observed in this group ( p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, compared with Sham and CLP groups, respectively). Conclusion: High dose POMx consumption prior to sepsis induction, suppressed the vital function of neutrophils in early hours after sepsis initiation, resulting in higher oxidative stress. These findings indicate that caution should be made in using high dose pomegranate products. The main message of current study is that such useful compounds as antioxidants including pomegranate juice which have beneficial effects on general health status may have detrimental effects if misused or used in high doses.

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Fluoxetine treatment of rat neonates significantly reduces oxidative stress in the hippocampus and in behavioral indicators of anxiety later in postnatal life

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/cjpp-2013-0321 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 92 (4) ◽

pp. 330-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Aline Isabel da Silva ◽

Ligia Cristina Monteiro Galindo ◽

Luciana Nascimento ◽

Cristiane Moura Freitas ◽

Raul Manhaes-de-Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

The Body ◽

Postnatal Life ◽

Neural Cells ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Behavioral Indicators ◽

The Face ◽

Low Levels ◽

Stress Damage ◽

The Brain

The brain, more than any other organ in the body, is vulnerable to oxidative stress damage, owing to its requirement for high levels of oxygenation. This is needed to fulfill its metabolic needs in the face of relatively low levels of protective antioxidants. Recent studies have suggested that oxidative stress is directly involved in the etiology of both eating and anxiety behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluoxetine-inhibited serotonin reuptake in nursing rat neonates on behavior and on oxidative stress in the hypothalamus and the hippocampus; brain areas responsible for behavior related to food and anxiety, respectively. The results show that increased serotonin levels during a critical period of development do not induce significant differences in food-related behavior (intake and satiety), but do result in a in a significant decrease in anxiety. Measurements of oxidative stress showed a significant reduction of lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus (57%). In the hypothalamus, antioxidant enzymes were unchanged, but in the hippocampus, the activity of catalase and glutathione-S-transferase was increased (80% and 85% respectively). This suggests that protecting neural cells from oxidative stress during brain development contributes to the anxiolytic effects of serotonin.

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Pharmacodynamic Effects of Standard versus High Caffeine Doses in the Developing Brain of Neonatal Rats Exposed to Intermittent Hypoxia

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22073473 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 3473

Author(s):

Kutilda Soontarapornchai ◽

Charles L. Cai ◽

Taimur Ahmad ◽

Jacob V. Aranda ◽

Ivan Hand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Intermittent Hypoxia ◽

Blood Gases ◽

High Dose ◽

Golgi Bodies ◽

Rat Pups ◽

Layer 2 ◽

Caffeine Citrate ◽

High Doses ◽

Brain Width

(1) Background: Caffeine citrate, at standard doses, is effective for reducing the incidence of apnea of prematurity (AOP) and may confer neuroprotection and decrease neonatal morbidities in extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs) requiring oxygen therapy. We tested the hypothesis that high-dose caffeine (HiC) has no adverse effects on the neonatal brain. (2) Methods: Newborn rat pups were randomized to room air (RA), hyperoxia (Hx) or neonatal intermittent hypoxia (IH), from birth (P0) to P14 during which they received intraperitoneal injections of LoC (20 mg/kg on P0; 5 mg/kg/day on P1-P14), HiC (80 mg/kg; 20 mg/kg), or equivalent volume saline. Blood gases, histopathology, myelin and neuronal integrity, and adenosine receptor reactivity were assessed. (3) Results: Caffeine treatment in Hx influenced blood gases more than treatment in neonatal IH. Exposure to neonatal IH resulted in hemorrhage and higher brain width, particularly in layer 2 of the cerebral cortex. Both caffeine doses increased brain width in RA, but layer 2 was increased only with HiC. HiC decreased oxidative stress more effectively than LoC, and both doses reduced apoptosis biomarkers. In RA, both caffeine doses improved myelination, but the effect was abolished in Hx and neonatal IH. Similarly, both doses inhibited adenosine 1A receptor in all oxygen environments, but adenosine 2A receptor was inhibited only in RA and Hx. (4) Conclusions: Caffeine, even at high doses, when administered in normoxia, can confer neuroprotection, evidenced by reductions in oxidative stress, hypermyelination, and increased Golgi bodies. However, varying oxygen environments, such as Hx or neonatal IH, may alter and modify pharmacodynamic actions of caffeine and may even override the benefits caffeine.

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Two Faces of Arbutine in Hepatocelluler Carcinoma (HepG2) Cells: Anticarcinogenic Effect in LD50 Dose and Protective Effect Against Cisplatin Toxication Through its Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity in LD0 Dose

10.21203/rs.3.rs-220164/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ömer Hazman ◽

Hatice Evin ◽

Mehmet Fatih Bozkurt ◽

İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hepg2 Cells ◽

Low Dose ◽

Caspase 3 ◽

High Dose ◽

Cosmetic Products ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Whitening Agent ◽

High Doses ◽

Active Substances

Abstract Arbutine is one of the active substances used as a skin whitening agent in cosmetic products. Possible effects of arbutine on hepatocelluler carcinoma (HepG2) cells and cisplatin toxication in HepG2 cells were investigated in this study. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and proliferation levels were determined in experimental groups established for the purpose above. It was determined that when low dose of α-arbutine (in LD0 dose) was administered to HepG2 cells alone, it had no genotoxic and cytotoxic effects and no effects on inflammation, apoptosis and proliferation. However, when low dose of arbutine was used with cisplatin, it was observed that oxidative stress, inflammation, and genotoxicity levels increased as a result of cisplatin toxicity, but caspase 3 levels were not affected by this situation. As a result of high dose (in LD50 dose) of α-arbutine administration to HepG2 cells, it was determined that it would have anticarcinogenic effects by increasing oxidative stress, genotoxicity, inflammation and apoptosis and by suppressing proliferation. In the presented study it was determined that as well as α-arbutine had an anticarcinogenic effect on HepG2 cells in high doses, it might be protective to reduce the side effects caused by low dose (LD0 dose) of cisplatin treatment. In addition, it was concluded that α/β-arbutine-including cosmetic products were safe for cancer patients because α/β-arbutine had no effect on proliferation in HepG2 cells. In order to present the activity of arbutine isoforms more clearly it is recommended that studies should be conducted using healthy and different cell lines.

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