scholarly journals Ingenious vehicular system to evade collisions

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
R. Sridhar ◽  
Aditya Nema ◽  
Anshul Nalin ◽  
Ankur Rai
Keyword(s):  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Model Design ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Extrinsic Information ◽  
Wireless Broadcast ◽  
Pilot Model ◽  
Low Visibility ◽  
Vehicle To Infrastructure ◽  
Indication System

Driver’s response is indispensable in the aversion of collisions and in stringent circumstances. WiB-IVS (Wireless Broadcast Intelligent Vehicular System) is a proposed design for Intelligent Vehicular Systems enabling Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communication for effectuating an interconnected network of vehicles for easier and faster information sharing in order to prevent collisions. The system centralizes on driver’s response and thus aims to bring extrinsic information to the driver, stimulating situational awareness. An indication system fulfils this purpose and helps the driver respond to the scenario ahead. Information transmission is facilitated by communication between vehicle and broadcasting station based on User Datagram Protocol (UDP). The design approach caters to the problems of the collision at sharp or blind turns, offsite intersections and those occurring due to low visibility in extreme weather conditions such as fog. A pilot model design to test for the effectiveness of the proposed system architecture is also put forth in this paper. The pilot test results confirm the system’s rapid response and its key potential for the future.

A Survey of Approaches for Estimating Meteorological Visibility Distance Under Foggy Weather Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faouzi Kamoun ◽  
Hazar Chaabani ◽  
Fatma Outay ◽  
Ansar-Ul-Haque Yasar
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Distance Estimation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Visibility Distance ◽  
Assistance Systems

The immaturity of fog abatement technologies for highway usage has led to growing interest towards developing intelligent transportation systems that are capable of estimating meteorological visibility distance under foggy weather conditions. This capability is crucial to support next-generation cooperative situational awareness and collision avoidance systems as well as onboard driver assistance systems. This chapter presents a survey and a comprehensive taxonomy of daytime visibility distance estimation approaches based on a review and synthesis of the literature. The proposed taxonomy is both comprehensive (i.e., captures a wide spectrum of earlier contributions) and effective (i.e., enables easy comparison among previously proposed approaches). The authors also highlight some open research issues that warrant further investigation.

Automatic Monitoring of Aviation Terminal Forecasts

1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Vercelli
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Automatic Monitoring ◽  
Test Results ◽  
National Weather Service ◽  
Regional Headquarters ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Weather Service

One of the goals of the Automation of Field Operations and Services (AFOS) was to implement a computer program to automatically monitor aviation terminal forecasts at National Weather Service (NWS) forecast offices. Such a program has now been developed. The program can be initiated either automatically at predefined times or by the forecaster at any time. Once initiated, the program compares the information in the latest terminal forecast and surface airway observation at each designated terminal to a set of amendment and alert criteria. It then notifies the forecaster via an audio or visual alarm if any terminal forecast needs amending, or may need amending in the near future, due to changing weather conditions. The program successfully underwent extensive operational field tests at four National Weather Service forecast offices during 1983. Analysis of the test results showed that, overall, the program performed very well and was found to be useful by the forecasters. In early 1984, the program was issued to each of the National Weather Service regional headquarters for use by the individual field offices. In response to evaluations provided by the forecasters during the field tests, an improved program was developed and is being tested at several forecast offices.

scholarly journals Vehicle Collision Prediction under Reduced Visibility Conditions

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 3026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keng-Pin Chen ◽  
Pao-Ann Hsiung
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Collision Probability ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Collision Warning ◽  
Congested Traffic ◽  
Prediction Horizon ◽  
Low Visibility ◽  
Velocity Prediction

Rear-end collisions often cause serious traffic accidents. Conventionally, in intelligent transportation systems (ITS), radar collision warning methods are highly accurate in determining the inter-vehicle distance via detecting the rear-end of a vehicle; however, in poor weather conditions such as fog, rain, or snow, the accuracy is significantly affected. In recent years, the advent of Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communication systems has introduced new methods for solving the rear-end collision problem. Nevertheless, there is still much left for improvement. For instance, weather conditions have an impact on human-related factors such as response time. To address the issue of collision detection under low visibility conditions, we propose a Visibility-based Collision Warning System (ViCoWS) design that includes four models for prediction horizon estimation, velocity prediction, headway distance prediction, and rear-end collision warning. Based on the history of velocity data, future velocity volumes are predicted. Then, the prediction horizon (number of future time slots to consider) is estimated corresponding to different weather conditions. ViCoWs can respond in real-time to weather conditions with correct collision avoidance warnings. Experiment results show that the mean absolute percentage error of our velocity prediction model is less than 11%. For non-congested traffic under heavy fog (very low visibility of 120 m), ViCoWS warns a driver by as much as 4.5 s prior to a possible future collision. If the fog is medium with a low visibility of 160 m, ViCoWs can give warnings by about 2.1 s prior to a possible future collision. In contrast, the Forward Collision Probability Index (FCPI) method gives warnings by only about 0.6 s before a future collision. For congested traffic under low visibility conditions, ViCoWS can warn a driver by about 1.9 s prior to a possible future collision. In this case, the FCPI method gives 1.2 s for the driver to react before collision.

scholarly journals An Automation of Collector Testing and Modification of ANSI/ASHRAE 93-1986 Standard

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Huang ◽  
S. W. Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Time Basis ◽  
Variable Weather ◽  
Small Scatter ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Steady State Performance

The steady-state performance test of solar collectors using ANSI/ASHRAE 93-1986 Standard was revised and an automation for the testing was carried out in the present study in order that the test can be easily performed outdoors in areas with variable weather conditions. It was shown that the 95 percent settling time of the collector τ95 can be adopted as the time basis in the selection of steady-state period for the test. To make the best use of the time available for the testing, the steady-state period defined by ANSI/ASHRAE 93-1986 Standard was changed to the τ95 plus five minutes, or ten minutes, whichever is larger. To reduce scatter uncertainty in the test results, the test period for the efficiency calculation was chosen as the segment of the last five minutes in the steady-state period and a steadiness condition defined statistically was adopted. To shorten the time for each test run a PC-based expert testing system, which is completely automatic and requires no operator, was developed in the present study. Using this expert system associated with the modified ANSI/ASHRAE 93-1986 Standard, we can effectively carry out the collector test at variable weather conditions with small scatter uncertainty and can substantially shorten the duration of a test.

Off-axis propagation of a laser beam in low visibility weather conditions

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 2822 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Tam ◽  
A. Zardecki
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Low Visibility

scholarly journals Empirical analysis of extreme weather conditions and aviation safety in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 680-690
Author(s):  
C.O. Akanni ◽  
A.M. Hassan ◽  
T.C. Osuji
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
A Value ◽  
Low Visibility ◽  
Safety Accident

The frequency of delay, diversion and outright cancellation occasioned by poor weather has affected the Nigerian aviation industry and serious safety implication.This study therefore examines the influence of weather conditions on aviation safety in Nigeria. Secondary data basically from Nigeria Meteorological Agency such as information on thunderstorm, fog occurrence and rainfall from 2004 to 2013 and data obtained from Federal Airport Authority of Nigeria on air accident induced by extreme weather within the same period were analysed using Multiple Regression Analysis. Results show that low visibility as a result of fog occurrence causes four (4) air traffic accidents more than other weather conditions and that Lagos experienced two (2) air accidents more than other airports during the period under study.  So also the value of R2 shows a value of 77.8% which implies that there is variation in the dependent variable (Airport Operation) which can be predicted by independent variables (Weather conditions). The F-statistic value of 62.892 is also found to be statistically significant at 5% (p<0.05) which shows that weather condition has significant influence on aviation safety. Baseline studies on flight operation, government intervention in aviation industry, maintenance culture were recommended.Keywords: Fog, Thunderstorm, Rainfall, Safety, Accident

scholarly journals ANALYSIS AND REMEDIATION OF THE 2013 LAC-MÉGANTIC TRAIN DERAILMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B8 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Suzanne Brunke ◽  
Guy Aubé ◽  
Serge Legaré ◽  
Claude Auger
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Train Derailment ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Information Products ◽  
Earth Observation Data

On July 6, 2013 a train owned by Montréal, Maine & Atlantic Railway (MMA) Company derailed in Lac-Mégantic, Quebec, Canada triggering the explosion of the tankers carrying crude oil. Several buildings in the downtown core were destroyed. The Sûreté du Québec confirmed the death of 47 people in the disaster. Through the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) Rapid Information Products and Services (RIPS) program, MDA developed value-added products that allowed stakeholders and all levels of government (municipal, provincial and federal) to get an accurate picture of the disaster. The goal of this RIPS Project was to identify the contribution that remote sensing technology can provide to disasters such as the train derailment and explosion at Lac-Mégantic through response and remediation monitoring. Through monitoring and analysis, the Lac-Mégantic train derailment response and remediation demonstrated how Earth observation data can be used for situational awareness in a disaster and in documenting the remediation process. Both high resolution optical and RADARSAT-2 SAR image products were acquired and analyzed over the disaster remediation period as each had a role in monitoring. High resolution optical imagery provided a very clear picture of the current state of remediation efforts, however it can be difficult to acquire due to cloud cover and weather conditions. The RADARSAT-2 SAR images can be acquired in all weather conditions at any time of day making it ideal for mission critical information gathering. MDA’s automated change detection processing enabled rapid delivery of advanced information products.

scholarly journals Combining operational models and data into a dynamic vessel risk assessment tool for coastal regions

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1327-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fernandes ◽  
F. Braunschweig ◽  
F. Lourenço ◽  
R. Neves
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Decision Support Model ◽  
Risk Levels

Abstract. The technological evolution in terms of computational capacity, data acquisition systems, numerical modelling and operational oceanography is supplying opportunities for designing and building holistic approaches and complex tools for newer and more efficient management (planning, prevention and response) of coastal water pollution risk events. A combined methodology to dynamically estimate time and space variable shoreline risk levels from ships has been developed, integrating numerical metocean forecasts and oil spill simulations with vessel tracking automatic identification systems (AIS). The risk rating combines the likelihood of an oil spill occurring from a vessel navigating in a study area – Portuguese Continental shelf – with the assessed consequences to the shoreline. The spill likelihood is based on dynamic marine weather conditions and statistical information from previous accidents. The shoreline consequences reflect the virtual spilled oil amount reaching shoreline and its environmental and socio-economic vulnerabilities. The oil reaching shoreline is quantified with an oil spill fate and behaviour model running multiple virtual spills from vessels along time. Shoreline risks can be computed in real-time or from previously obtained data. Results show the ability of the proposed methodology to estimate the risk properly sensitive to dynamic metocean conditions and to oil transport behaviour. The integration of meteo-oceanic + oil spill models with coastal vulnerability and AIS data in the quantification of risk enhances the maritime situational awareness and the decision support model, providing a more realistic approach in the assessment of shoreline impacts. The risk assessment from historical data can help finding typical risk patterns, "hot spots" or developing sensitivity analysis to specific conditions, whereas real time risk levels can be used in the prioritization of individual ships, geographical areas, strategic tug positioning and implementation of dynamic risk-based vessel traffic monitoring.

scholarly journals Influence of Overheating Phenomenon on Bitumen and Asphalt Mixture Properties

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Sarnowski ◽  
Karol Kowalski ◽  
Jan Król ◽  
Piotr Radziszewski
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Loss Of Resistance ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
The Impact

In the course of manufacturing, transport and installation, road bitumens and asphalt mixtures can be exposed to the impact of elevated process temperatures exceeding 240 °C. This mainly applies to the mixtures used for road pavements and bridge deck insulation during adverse weather conditions. The heating process should not change the basic and rheological properties of binders and the asphalt mixtures that to a degree cause the degradation of asphalt pavement durability. The work involved analyzing the properties of non-modified bitumens and SBS polymer modified bitumens, heated at temperatures of 200 °C, 250 °C and 300 °C for 1 h. Next, the asphalt mixtures were heated in the same temperatures. Based on the developed Overheating Degradation Index (ODI) it was demonstrated that polymer-modified bitumens were characterized by higher overheating sensitivity A(ODI) than non-modified bitumens, which was confirmed by mixture test results. Overheating limit temperatures T(ODI) were determined, which in the case of polymer-modified bitumens are up to 20 °C lower than for non-modified bitumens. When the temperature increases above T(ODI), loss of viscoelastic properties occurs in the material which causes, among other effects, a loss of resistance to fatigue cracking.

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