scholarly journals A prediction scheme of mobility of cognitive femtocells LTE-A / LTE-UE under different speed scenarios

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.32) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Venkata Vara Prasad Padyala ◽  
Dr K.V.D.Kiran
Keyword(s):  
Reference Signal ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Survey Analysis ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Soft Handover ◽  
Prediction Scheme ◽  
The Future ◽  
Hand Off ◽  
Future Demands

Cognitive Femtocells have been standardized suitably to the technical framing of the Fourth cohort compact project to place them inside and outside the cell. Cognitive femtocells expand the coverage area and meet the future demands of higher data rates. However, as a result of the massive deployment of cognitive femtocells, users experience additional delay and unnecessary deliveries. The different hand off mechanisms are 1. Hard handover (break before make) 2. Smooth or soft handover (make-before-break). This can seriously affect the quality of service (QoS) of jam sensitive applications, such as Voice over long-term evolution (VoLTE). The 4GPP LTE-A / LTE-UE wireless networks aim to provide uninterrupted movement and rapid transfer pillar for (Real Time) RT and non-RT application services under the giant vigour. The prediction of mobility is an effective technique to identify a domestic NodeB (eNB / HeNB) evolved in the future and improve the overall service quality of the network and satisfy the end user experience. The different hand over mechanisms are, the first sense of a difficult delivery or transfer is one in which an breathe link should be penetrate ahead a unused one is created. The second new 3G technologies use CDMA where it is possible to have adjoining cells at the same frequency and this opens the odds of boast a transfer or transfer from where it is not required to repair the connection. This is called soft transfer, and is defined as a handover in which a not used tie-in is established before the used one is released. The third type of delivery is called smoother delivery or transfer. In this case, a pristine signal is added or deleted from the spry signal group. It can also happen when a signal is replaced by a burly signal from another sector under the base station. This type of transfer is available within UMTS and CDMA2000. “The cognitive femtocell will do in the delivery mechanism is that it will detect the new channel to transmit the data. With this we can avoid the delivery handover mechanism”. This study investigates the role of mobility prediction in reducing the end-to-end delay of VoLTE and the delay of handover under different user equipment (UE) speeds in mixed femtocell and macrocell environments. We propose a mobility based forecasting scheme based on the user path and measurements of the received signal reference signal and the quality reference signal (RSRP / RSRQ) with mixed RT traffic and not RT and then estimated using a network model new. The survey analysis shows that the proposed scheme will reduce the delivery delay by 35% to keep VoLTE at the end of the delay.  

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kinerja QoS Untuk Layanan VoIP Berdasarkan Jarak Dari Base Station Pada Jaringan WiMAX

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murhaban Murhaban ◽  
Muhammad Bilai ◽  
Muhammad Nurtanzia Sutoyo
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Internet Protocol ◽  
Mobile Station ◽  
Voice Over Ip ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Voice Over Internet Protocol ◽  
Soft Handover ◽  
Jitter Delay ◽  
Hard Handover

Metode Handover digunakan untuk mempertahankan koneksi tetap terjaga. Hal tersebut berkaitan dengan performansi dikarenakan proses pengalihan kanal trafik secara otomatis pada mobile station untuk berkomunikasi tanpa terjadinya pemutusan hubungan. Faktor utama keberhasilan dalam melakukan handover terletak pada quality of service yang menyediakan tingkat jaminan layanan berbeda-beda dalam mengatur dan memberikan prioritas trafik pada jaringan seperti aplikasi voice over IP (VoIP) atau komunikasi voice memanfaatkan jaringan internet dalam permasalahan berdasarkan jarak base station.. Berdasarkan pengujian yang dilakukan untuk metode hard handover dan metode soft handover berdasarkan jarak base station menggunakan aplikasi voice over internet protocol pada mobile station. Diperoleh hasil dengan  nilai jitter 0.015 ms – 0.21 ms, dan hasil delay 35.5 ms – 45.8 ms hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa pengaruh jitter dan delay terhadap handover dengan aplikasi VoIP masih dalam tahapan toleransi yang diizinka. Dan berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini jarak antara satu base station dengan station lainnya sangat berpengaruh untuk mendapatkan kulaitas layanan yang lebih baik. Kata Kunci : Handover, Jitter, Delay, VoIP, Quality of Service

scholarly journals Industry Demands and Future of Engineering Education in Kenya

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Daniel Rutto
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Major Determinant ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Demands ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Industrial Needs

Engineering Education in Kenya remains the major determinant of country’s economic agenda. However, at the moment the education system offers the industry and society unsatisfactory knowledge and services due to mismatch between the supplied educational talents and the ever changing world of engineering. It is imperative that the Kenyan engineering education be designed to tackle challenges emerging in our societies and industries by providing real tangible practical skills. The government on its part should take its share by supporting and giving direction to institution offering such courses. In order to produce graduates with employable skills, institutions of engineering must aim at quality while ensuring massification of students into programs never happens. This paper is thus designed to show challenges facing quality of engineering education offered in Kenya in relation to the society and industrial needs. The paper also highlights the future demands needed on Kenyan engineering education. The write-up is expected to inspire education designers and curriculum developers in preparing programs that provide for the society and industry.

scholarly journals Improved handoff mechanism for infiltrating user equipments in composite networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 2600
Author(s):  
Venkata Vara Prasad Padyala ◽  
K.V.D. Kiran
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Network Coverage ◽  
Coverage Problem ◽  
Ping Pong ◽  
Hand Off ◽  
Technology And Communication

The wireless technology and communication plays a vital role in our daily life. The end users are expecting more Quality of Experience (QOE) rather than the Quality of Service (QOS). In order to provide full signal coverage the entire cellular network coverage is divided in to small cells called as femtocells, those femtocells are covered with femtocell antennas which are very small in size compared with regular antennas. With these femtocell coverage problem is solved but when a user moves from one location to another location the user has to switch from one base station to so many base station which cannot be maintained with present handoff methods. The present hand off methods working on distance calculation approach, the proposed method is based on the velocity and device direction calculated based on GPS location toward the Base Station (BS) of the device which may ping pong handoff effect.

scholarly journals Perancangan dan Implementasi Sistem Remote Tilting Antenna untuk Aplikasi Base Station

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
ARSYAD RAMADHAN DARLIS
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Network ◽  
Dc Motor ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Interference Power ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Base Station Antennas ◽  
Dc Motor Driver ◽  
Inter Cell Interference ◽  
Degree Slope

ABSTRAKPada kondisi pembangunan suatu jaringan seluler baru, permasalahan coverage area terkadang perlu penanganan khusus. Jika coverage area dari suatu base station terlalu besar maka dapat mengakibatkan saling tumpang tindih (overlap) dengan sel yang berdekatan. Hal ini akan meningkatkan interferensi daya antar sel, yang kemudian berakibat pada penurunan kualitas layanan. Salah satu bentuk solusi untuk dapat memenuhi persyaratan coverage area, kinerja jaringan seluler, dan juga memenuhi tingkat keselamatan engineer adalah dengan menggunakan metoda down tilting antenna melalui wireless. Penetapan metoda down tilting antenna dilakukan dengan membuat suatu peralatan yang dapat menggerakkan posisi antenna pada base station. Perangkat yang diimplementasikan terdiri atas Transmitter, Receiver, Motor DC, Driver Motor, Logam Pengait, dan Antena. Sinyal yang berfungsi sebagai pengendali masuk ke Transmitter dan selanjutnya diolah oleh Receiver. Sinyal keluaran dari Receiver digunakan untuk mengendalikan motor DC melalui driver motor yang mengendalikan pergerakan dari Antenna Base Station. Pada penelitian ini, sistem telah dapat diuji memalui pergerakan antenna sampai dengan jarak 10 m. Tingkat kemiringan antena dibandingkan dengan pergeseran logam berkait menunjukan hasil yang linear. Setiap pergeseran 0,5 cm akan menyebabkan perubahan kemiringan antenna sebesar 1 derajat. Kata kunci: Remote Tilting, Motor DC, Transmitter, Receiver, Base StationABSTRACTOn the state of development of a new mobile network, problem coverage area sometimes need special handling. If the coverage area of a Base Station is too big then it may lead to overlap ( overlap ) with adjacent cells. This will improve inter- cell interference power, which then resulted in a decrease in the quality of service. One form of solutions to meet the requirements of the coverage area, the performance of cellular networks, and also meet the level of safety engineers is to use the method of tilting down through a wireless antenna. Determination method of antenna down tilting is done by creating a device that can move the position of the antenna on Base Station. The device is implemented consisting of Transmitter, Receiver, Motor DC Motor Driver, Metal Hook , and Base Station Antennas. Which serves as a signal controlling entry into Transmitter and subsequently processed by the Receiver. The output signal of the receiver is used to control a DC motor through a motor driver that controls the movement of Base Station Antenna. In this study, the system has to be tested memalui antenna movement up to a distance of 10 m. Levels compared to the friction slope antenna hooked metal has showed linear results. Each shift will lead to a change of 0.5 cm by 1 degree slope antenna.Key words: Remote Tilting, DC Motor, Transmitter, Receiver, Base Station

scholarly journals Design Radio Network Links to Provide Internet for Pupulation of San Andres de Llamellin-Ancash

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Andres Valencia Acuña ◽  
◽  
Brian Meneses Claudio ◽  
Alexi Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Average Distance ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Radio Link ◽  
Radio Network ◽  
Complete Coverage ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Virtual Classes ◽  
San Andres

In recent years being able to have access to the internet has become a tool not only to be able to communicate in the distance but it is a great tool to be able to feed knowledge, it is because of them that children have a great educational utility and after this pandemic in Peru it was necessary to close schools, to be able to give remote classes or virtual classes. To solve the problem, we propose to be able to design a network of radio links whereby means of a base station of emission and reception, with an antenna of sectorial type and directional antennas to be able to realize a Point – Multipoint link which will be able to manage the quality of signal by means of a routing with functions of control of speeds for each connection of each home. It was the result that the connections of the radio link at an average distance from the coverage that the network had the signal was better and that the connections that were very far or close to the coverage area had complications, but despite this the connections were sufficient to be able to maintain the virtual classes that is what was planned. It is recommended that for a better connection and complete coverage it would be to reinforce the broadcast base with more sectoral antennas in the network. Keywords- Radio link, Point - Multipoint, Router, Download speed, Upload speed.

Using the alveograph in developing requirements for the quality of flour for wafer sheet production

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
E.P. Meleshkina ◽  
◽  
S.N. Kolomiets ◽  
A.S. Cheskidova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Mathematical Statistics ◽  
Intended Purpose ◽  
The Future ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Objectively and reliably determined indicators of rheological properties of the dough were identified using the alveograph device to create a system of classifications of wheat and flour from it for the intended purpose in the future. The analysis of the relationship of standardized quality indicators, as well as newly developed indicators for identifying them, differentiating the quality of wheat flour for the intended purpose, i.e. for finished products. To do this, we use mathematical statistics methods.

Can trust become a factor of economic growth? Dynamic changes in the level of trust of Russian youth

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Bakhtigaraeva ◽  
A. A. Stavinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Generalized Trust ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics

The article considers the role of trust in the economy, the mechanisms of its accumulation and the possibility of using it as one of the growth factors in the future. The advantages and disadvantages of measuring the level of generalized trust using two alternative questions — about trusting people in general and trusting strangers — are analyzed. The results of the analysis of dynamics of the level of generalized trust among Russian youth, obtained within the study of the Institute for National Projects in 10 regions of Russia, are presented. It is shown that there are no significant changes in trust in people in general during the study at university. At the same time, the level of trust in strangers falls, which can negatively affect the level of trust in the country as a whole, and as a result have negative effects on the development of the economy in the future. Possible causes of the observed trends and the role of universities are discussed. Also the question about the connection between the level of education and generalized trust in countries with different quality of the institutional environment is raised.

ПСИХОЛОГО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО НАВЧАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 232-241
Author(s):  
Марина Лапіна
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Future

Статтю присвячено проблемам професійного навчання соціальних працівників, зокрема розглянуто психолого-педагогічні аспекти процесу підготовки висококваліфікованих фахівців. Зазначено що в професійній психології та педагогіці набуває поширення компетентнісний підхід до сучасної освіти. Акцентовано увагу на особистісно-орієнтованому та психолого-акмеологічному напрямках професійної освіти та навчання. Особистісні якості фахівця розглядаються як метапрофесійні компетенції, що забезпечують якість праці майбутнього соціального працівника. На основі аналізу специфіки підготовки фахівців соціономічних професій окреслено загальні напрями формування професійних компетенцій соціальних працівників: пріоритет професійно-особистісного розвитку для досягнення високого рівня професіоналізму фахівця; формування психологічної, особистісної та рефлексивної компетентності; практична зорієнтованість процесу навчання. Розглянуто методи та технології активного формування психологічної та особистісної компетентності фахівця в процесі професійного навчання, а саме методика контекстного (знаково-контекстного) навчання та психолого-акмеологічні методи та процедури професійного розвитку. Стверджується, що включення до навчального процесу інноваційних, заснованих на взаємодії педагога та учня, психолого-педагогічних технологій активного навчання має формувати особистісні зони розвитку майбутніх фахівців, удосконалювати способи та засоби професійного становлення, що значно підвищує якість професійного навчання соціальних працівників. The article deals with the problems of vocational training of social workers. They are particularly considered with psychological and pedagogical aspects of training highly qualified specialists. It specifies that competence-based approach to modern education gets spreading in the professional psychology and pedagogy. The article is accented on personality-oriented and psycho-akmeological directions existing in the psychology of professional education and training. Personal qualities of the professional are considered as metaprofessional competences which ensure the future social worker’s quality of work. The general directions of formation professional competence of social workers are identified on the base of the analyses of the specific professional training socionomic professions: priority of vocational and personality development for achievement a high level of professionalism; formation of the psychological, personal and reflective competence; practical orientation of the learning process. The methods and technologies of active formation of psychological and personality’s competence of the specialist during the vocational training are reviewed in the article, specifically the method and technique of signed-contextual learning and psycho-akmeological methods and procedures of professional development. It is alleged that the inclusion in the educational process of preparation innovational, psychological and pedagogical techniques of active learning, based on the interaction between the teacher and the student, should generated personal’s development zones of the future professionals, refine the methods and means of the professional development that significantly improves the quality of social worker’s professional training.

The Role of Tahfidzul Quran Learning to Build the Students’ Character at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Istiqomah Sambas Purbalingga

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 235-245
Author(s):  
Ikhwandi Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
The Future ◽  
Character Building

This paper discusses the importance of the students ‘character building in the level of primary school/Islamic elementary school to face the globalization and information era. Education is the process of determining the nation’s character. Good or bad character of the nation in the future will be determined by the present quality of education. Building the character through Tahfidzul Quran learning approach is expected to be the main foundation to improve the degree and prestige of learners as the asset of the nation. This study aimed to describe the process of Tahfidzul Quran learning which included planning, organizing, doing action and monitoring the important role of learning itself to build the learners’ character, especially in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Istiqomah Sambas Purbalingga.

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