A Review of Key Activities in Hydro Meteorological Disaster Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 839
Author(s):  
Ngam Min Chuan ◽  
Sivadass Thiruchelvam ◽  
Azrul Ghazali ◽  
Kamal Nasharuddin Mustapha ◽  
Rahsidi Sabri Muda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Flood Disaster ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Post Disaster

One of the most highlighted issues in the developing world of the 21st century is the hydrometeorological disasters. Developed and developing nations are all affected by the more prominent climate change. There has been a rise in disaster occurrences over the past decade that this has caused more attention to be given to the topic of disaster management especially to floods. The scale of these disaster events has also intensified and have broken past records with more destructive disasters. This paper intends to review the activities related to hydrometeorological disaster. Key activities are broken down into three different phases, namely pre-disaster, during disaster and post-disaster. Understanding the activities involved is pertinent to not only the lead agencies and non-governmental organizations but plays a bigger role for the vulnerable communities. In the past, communities were the last group to be participative in disaster risk reduction efforts. Today, communities are being engaged from early stage to empower them to be resilient towards the possibility of facing future flood disaster. Evacuation planning and logistics arrangement are key activities prior to the occurrence of any disaster which will ease the implementation of search and rescue operations. However during disaster, it is important for the early warning system to be functioning to alert the affected communities. People also need to be aware of the outbreak of diseases during flood disaster. Finally, post-disaster efforts focuses more on the restoration of damaged infrastructure as well as the mental state of the affected victims. Understanding these key activities will increase the awareness of stakeholders in reducing loss of life and minimizing damages towards properties.

scholarly journals Data Offloading for Effective Rescue Operations During Fire Disaster Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5319-5321
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Data Offloading ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fire Disaster ◽  
Moving Vehicles ◽  
Post Disaster

Disasters such as fire, earthquake and tsunami, etc. often result in precious loss of life as well as pose great economic challenge to developing countries like India. Of late, fires in moving vehicles such as trains and buses have become very common in India leading to loss of life and property. As we cannot predict or control the disaster, we can at least make efforts in minimising loss and some effective rescue operations post disaster. It is very important to perform post disaster analysis of the event to have better rescue operations and also to analyse the reason behind the occurrence of such disaster if possible. So that if it is man-made disaster preventive measures could be prescribed in future. Many Wireless Sensor Networks were proposed in the past for disaster management. But, fire leaves the network disconnected and important data is left unused in the damaged network. So, we propose Internet of Things (IoT) which is a promising technology that can be used to solve some of the problems mentioned above. To date, the application of IoT in post-disaster management is still an unexplored problem. In this paper, we propose data offloading mechanism for effective rescue operations post disaster from damaged network. The network is partially damaged in case of disaster and using fog computing we retrieve data and transfer to cloud for better data analytics. We propose a data flow framework built for effective post-disaster management.

Disasters, deaths and the Sendai Framework’s target one

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 764-785
Author(s):  
Nibedita S. Ray-Bennett ◽  
Hideyuki Shiroshita
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Disaster Reduction ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Mind Set ◽  
Landslide Disaster

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to theoretically propose a complex perspective as the third way to understand disasters which is used to describe the Hiroshima landslide disaster 2014 in Japan. In the first half of the paper the complex perspective is explained in detail with comparison to two conventional perspectives on disasters, i.e. hazard approach and vulnerability approach. According to the complex perspective, deaths in disasters are avoidable. In the second half of the paper, Hiroshima landslide disaster is analyzed in line with the complex perspective. Also, how will Hiroshima not repeat such landslide disaster is suggested. Design/methodology/approach To develop the case study for Hiroshima, a desk-based literature review, a field site visit and five key informant interviews were conducted by the authors in 2016. The authors’ initial analysis based on newspaper reports indicated a failure in the early warning system, evacuation and severity of the hazard. Based on this, the broader literature on traditional perspectives on risk, vulnerability and complexity were mined to understand and theorize the failure in Hiroshima. Then the interviews were conducted in the city of Hiroshima to analyze the disaster from complex perspective. Findings The authors demonstrated that the Hiroshima Landslide disaster 2014 and its deaths could be explained by complex perspective. Complex perspective brings us the following suggestions not to repeat landslide disaster in Hiroshima. Political leaders at national and local levels must take up responsibilities to set a “goal” for the disaster management system to “reduce deaths.” Also, governmental and non-governmental organizations should make efforts to engage proactively with community through disaster education or through community awareness program to shift the mind set from hito-goto to jibun-no-koto (their story to our story). Originality/value Reducing deaths by disasters is essential for the world thus it is UN’s Sendai Goal One. As most contemporary sciences are based on reductionism, disasters have been described as a combination of the related components such as hazards, vulnerability. Although the great contributions from the reductionism to disaster studies, it has been said that integrated disaster management is needed since the reductionism usually give the partially optimized solution to disaster reduction. This study proposes complex approach to find comparatively total optimized solution to disaster reduction, in particular reducing deaths. Although it is based on merely one case study, this paper describes the possibility of different way to reduce deaths by disasters.

Are human rights archives accessible? Challenges and possible solutions to improve access for Dealing with the Past initiatives

Comma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
Romain Ledauphin ◽  
Claudia Josi ◽  
Rahel Siegrist
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Truth Commissions ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Maturity Model ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Federal Department ◽  
Definition Of

Records and archives containing information relating to grave violations of human rights and international humanitarian law represent a fundamental source for, and can become trustworthy documentary evidence within, Dealing with the Past (DWP) processes including truth commissions, criminal tribunals, reparation programs, vetting processes and outreach projects. Those intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) working in the fields of human rights and peace and security are themselves important observers and actors in DWP processes and hence their records and archives are highly relevant to DWP initiatives. Such organizations should therefore be transparent and be able to facilitate DWP processes by granting access to their records. Given the International Council on Archives’ definition of “access” as relating to “… the availability of records for consultation as a result both of legal authorization and the existence of finding aids”, and the experience of swisspeace in advising DWP initiatives on collecting evidence and improving records management capacity, swisspeace together with the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs developed a roadmap which centres on the development of an “archives accessibility maturity model”. This tool will not only improve hands-on access in practice, but will ultimately improve knowledge about the multi-layered complexity of archives’ accessibility, strengthening the capacity of IGOs, INGOs and DWP initiatives to design and implement their access regulations, and thereby improving DWP initiatives’ ability to make successful access requests.

scholarly journals Reconstruction post disaster responsive gender in West Sumatra

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 04009
Author(s):  
Mediana desfita ◽  
Djendrius
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
The West ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Culture Of Prevention ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Post Disaster

Indonesia is one of the very prone countries to disaster. The tsunami and earthquake disasters caused enormous damage to property and infrastructure as well as loss of life. An earthquake on September 30, 2009, measuring 7.9 on the Richter scale struck the west coast of Sumatra, causing loss of life and damage to infrastructure. There were around 1,115 people killed, 1,214 seriously injured and 1,688 people lightly injured. A comprehensive study of natural disaster management activities or systems should be used as learning materials to form a disaster management system. Disaster preparedness by minimizing vulnerability has been identified as a better approach to dealing with disasters than post-disaster response. Creating a culture of prevention is critical to dealing with everyday hazards and the consequences of disasters. The study is using data from a natural disaster in west Sumatra, and data from people who were involved in the process of reconstruction post disasters in west Sumatra. This study aims to obtain an accurate description of the reconstruction post-disaster and relation with responsive gender activities in West Sumatra, and identify how the gender effect on reconstruction post-disaster in the West Sumatra region.

scholarly journals Devastating impacts of flood disaster among rural households in Benue State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
R. K. Jiriko ◽  
E. N. Mbah ◽  
N. E. Amah
Keyword(s):  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Flood Disaster ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Drainage Channels

The study was carried out to determine devastating impacts of flood disaster among rural households in Benue State, Nigeria. Questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 145 respondents used for the study. Data collected for the study were analyzed using mean score. Findings indicated that the major causes of flood disaster were poor level of public awareness campaign on flood hazard (x –=2.00), increased impermeability due to urbanization (x –=2.00), overflowing dams (x –=2.00), building on water ways and drainage channels (x –=2.00), flood plain being occupied by human settlement and economic activities (x –=1.41), blockage of flood path with sediment deposit (x –=1.31) and increase in rainfall (x –=1.30). Rendering of rural dwellers homeless (x –=2.47), fills homes with dirty water and refuse (x –=2.43), blockage of road networks (x –=2.42), disruption of economic activities (x –=2.40), destruction of farmlands (x –=2.40), increase in household food insecurity (x –=2.35), destruction of crops and livestock (x –=2.30), damages stored farm produce (x –=2.24) and loss of lives and property (x –=2.12) were effects of flood disaster on rural households. Based on the findings of the study, there arises the need for government at all levels and non-governmental organizations to intensify efforts in creation of awareness for people living in flood prone areas to relocate to a safer place in order to avoid loss of life and disruption of economic activities.

scholarly journals A New Slovakian-Hungarian Cross-Border Geopark in Central Europe – Possibility for Promoting Better Connections Between the Two Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergely Horváth ◽  
Gábor Csüllög
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
High Status ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The World

AbstractIn the past years, many geoparks have been established all over the world, based mainly on the geoheritage, and partly on the cultural heritage, of the regions. Their main aim is to promote the spatial development of certain regions, especially by the development of tourism, including geo- and ecotourism. One of the newest geoparks is the Novohrad-Nógrád Geopark along the border of Slovakia and Hungary, which, having a high status, belongs to the UNESCO Global Geoparks Network. What is remarkable about it is that it was the very first cross-border geopark. Because of historical elements and due to political intentions, borders often play a more disjunctive than connective role, and the changes of the borders in the 20th century often distorted the spatial structure and turned former peripheries into flourishing regions. This was characteristic also of the regions where the Novohrad-Nógrád Geopark was established. Beyond the perspective for the spatial development of these regions, this cross-border geopark forces directly the local authorities and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) on both sides of the border to maintain tighter contacts for co-operation, promoting by this means also better connections between the two countries.

Non-profits and the environment in China: struggling to expand their franchise

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Xie ◽  
Yan Meng ◽  
Jie Xiong ◽  
Lu Xu ◽  
Jie Yan
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Environmental Ngos ◽  
The Past ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Environmental Ngo

Purpose Environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs), one of the major forces in environmental protection, have developed rapidly in the past few years, especially in developing countries such as China. This paper aims to reveal how the ENGOs select their focuses, specifically if they only concentrate on one focus or on contexts in which they obtain various focuses and the motivations behind their choosing strategies. Design/methodology/approach The current research interviewed 103 leaders of ENGOs covering every province in mainland China and adopts existing theories of NGOs alongside diversification strategy from a management perspective. Findings The results showed that most Chinese ENGOs now tend to be diversified but face different challenges. This research highlights the importance of ENGOs’ resources and capacities in facing current challenges and suggests directions to improve their diversification strategy. Originality/value This research adds value to the research of environmental NGOs and gives suggestions to environmental NGO practitioners, in particular to those in emerging markets.

scholarly journals Disasters and non-state actors – human rights-based approaches

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 526-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlies Hesselman ◽  
Lottie Lane
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Regulatory Instruments ◽  
State Actors

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the roles and responsibilities of non-state actors (NSAs) in contributing to disaster governance from an international human rights law (IHRL) perspective. In particular, it examines how non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and business enterprises are implicated. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyzes a range of IHRL instruments, particularly treaties and international soft-law documents, and it utilizes the concepts “human rights-based approaches” (HRBAs) and “direct”/“indirect” human rights obligations to frame and understand how IHRL responsibilities for NSAs arise from these instruments. Findings IHRL not only includes relevant standards for NSAs in the area of disaster management, but NGOs and businesses also actively engage with IHRL and HRBAs by means of (soft) self-regulatory instruments to further clarify their responsibilities. Research limitations/implications The findings are of interest to all actors involved in disaster governance, and are instructive for NGOs and businesses seeking to improve the design of disaster management activity. The research addresses only the responsibility of NGOs and private companies, but the framework of analysis set out is equally of interest to other actors’ activities. Originality/value The implications of IHRL for NSAs involved in disaster management are still poorly understood, despite their vast engagement. This study contributes by clarifying the roles and IHRL responsibilities of NGOs and businesses specifically, and articulates how applications of HRBAs may improve the protection of persons.

scholarly journals International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOS) and Their Impact on The Democratization of Developing Countries: The Case of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saied Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Conference Proceedings ◽  
Standard Form ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
End Of History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines the impact of INGOs on the democratization of developing countries. Following the ‘end of history,’ the INGOs multiplied globally, and the number of aids to developing countries was given through them in billions of dollars in the past three decades. It is envisaged that with the increase in their population, the developing countries will be better off with a standard form of living that is attributable to standard democratization. However, despite the billions of dollars spent, the citizens of the developing countries are still worse in poverty, poor leadership, and corruption. On the contrary, some countries, including Nigeria, are threatening legislation that will curtail the INGOs, sighting their opacity and lack of tangible results as reasons. The research used Nigeria as a case study to analyze the methods, approaches, and the capacity of these INGOs and how they affect the democratization of their host countries. Through a review of existing records, non-participatory observations, and reviews of conference proceedings. The paper analyzed the parallel gaps that exist by arguing that, taking a broad, multi-disciplinary method from the various works of literature studied will provide essential conceptual and practical insights that can inform current debates.

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