scholarly journals Investigation of factors affecting power density radiation of mobile phones

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Ilesanmi B. Oluwafemi ◽  
Johnson O. Adeoye ◽  
Deji M. Faluru ◽  
Dorcas D. Obasanya
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mobile Phone Radiation

The use of mobile phones in Nigeria has greatly increased in the recent year. This has also increased the general population exposure to mobile phone radiation. In this research, the intensity of radiation around selected mobile phones base on some factors are investigated using Radiofrequency Meter (RF) TM-96, 9V DC and Spectrum Analyzer (NA-773, 144/430 MHz) in a bid to confirm how they affect the radiation level. Measurements were taken at distances of 5 cm from the mobile phones when seeking for connections, calls establishing and calls connections under different conditions such as periods of the day, when charging and when not charging, battery charged levels, single and dual SIMs and network signal levels. The radiation levels from the 5 selected mobile phones ranges from 0.3204 to 0.4824 mW/cm2 during call conversation, with the highest radiating mobile phone being Asus while the least was Infinix 3. The radiation levels of these mobile phones are above the International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) reference level, 0.45 mW/cm2. Results also shows that the cell phone battery level, network signal level, the number of inserted SIM cards increases the radiation level of the mobile phones.  

scholarly journals Mobile Phone Radiofrequency Radiation Assessment Based on Call-Related Factors and Physical Condition from Selected Mobile Phones

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-347
Author(s):  
Ilesanmi Banjo Oluwafemi ◽  
Olusegun Johnson Adeoye
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
High Radiation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Radiation Measurements

 The intensity of electromagnetic radiation around selected mobile phones is in a bid to confirm their adherence to the specified radiofrequency exposure limit on non-ionizing radiation. Measurements were taken with the use of Radiofrequency Meter (RF) TM-96, 9V DC and Spectrum Analyzer (NA-773, 144/430 MHz) at distances 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm and 30 cm from the mobile phone users. The level of radiations from the selected mobile phones ranges from 0.3119 to 0.5407 mW/cm2 during dialing. Out of the tested mobile phones, the radiation levels of Asus, Infinix 3 and Siccoo X100 phones which are 0.5407, 0.5009 and 0.4506 mW/cm2 respectively are above the International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) reference level which is 0.45 mW/cm2. Result from measurement showed that high radiation levels from a transmitting handset occur between seeking for connection and call establishment. It was also confirmed that the physical condition of mobile phones affects its radiation level.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Mobile Waste Recycling through RSCM: A Literature Review

Recycling ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Taher Ben Yahya ◽  
Noriza Mohd Jamal ◽  
Balan Sundarakani ◽  
Siti Zaleha Omain
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Reverse Supply Chain ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Waste Management Practices

Mobile phone consumers have been motivated by the rapid growth of technology and encouraged to update their devices regularly to keep up with new innovations, architectures, and capabilities. Consequently, mobile/cell phone waste has risen significantly in the last decade. Due to their small size, it is convenient for users to keep outdated or unused mobile phones at home or the office, rather than recycling them appropriately. A reverse supply chain (RSC) is one possible method of mitigating the questionable e-waste activity present in the ecosystem. RSC has been significant for the mobile phone industry, user states, analysts, and scholars. This paper reviews the available literature in the RSC management (RSCM) domain, along with its processes and strategies. The paper reviews 223 published scholarly papers in the domain of mobile phone waste recycling and investigates 22 papers related to factors influencing consumers’ intention with regard to electronic recycling, focusing on mobile devices, which contribute significantly to electronic waste management practices.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MOBILE PHONE RADIATION ON ADRENAL GLAND OF MALE ALBINO RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Gupta ◽  
Shilpi Jain ◽  
Satyam Khare ◽  
Prateek Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Mobile Phone Radiation

Introduction: The tremendous growth in telecommunication world has increased the number of mobile phone users to many folds. The benefits of cell phones are just half the picture. The other half may be a darker one. The main aim of this study is to observe the effect of electromagnetic radiation being emitted by mobile phones on adrenal gland microanatomy and the hormones released by the gland on male albino rats. Materials and methods: Forty-two male albino rats of Spargue-Dawley species were divided into two equal groups. The experimental group rats were exposed to mobile phone radiation operating at 900 MHz while the control group rats were not. At the end of every two months, seven rats were sacrificed to analyse histological and hormonal changes. Results: No changes were seen at the cellular level of the adrenal glands even after six months of radiation exposure. Hormonal assay showed a variation in the cortisol levels of the rats but the changes were within normal range. Conclusions: Lack of appreciable changes in the cellular morphology and hormonal levels even after six months of radiation exposure signify that the adrenal glands are not affected by exposure to mobile phones.

Social Resilience in Action

2014 ◽  
pp. 297-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Braga ◽  
Robert K. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Social Resilience ◽  
Cell Phone Use ◽  
Mobile Phone Technology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complex Picture

Recent statistics about the mobile phone market in Brazil state that for every 100 inhabitants there are 130 mobile phones. Despite the euphoria that those numbers bring to business, the social uses of mobile technology in Brazil tells a lot about Brazilian society and culture itself, and show a more complex picture than merely a marketing phenomenon. The authors examine subversive cell phone use in Brazil against the background of the cell phone use worldwide and the social implications of that cell phone use. As soon as a technology is implemented in a culture, it is possible to observe uses that were not intended by the inventors or producers of that technology. People create different strategies to take advantage of the new resource. Using social interaction theories and an ethnographic approach in the natural setting of cell phone use in Brazil, the authors observed how people use the mobile phone technology for interpersonal communication. This chapter addresses three subversive uses of mobile technology, namely, i.) strategies of mobile phone coding; ii) SIM card management; and iii) criminal uses of mobile phones.

Long-Term Mobile Phone Use Leads to Brain Tumors

2015 ◽  
pp. 630-639
Author(s):  
Lai Lei Lou
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Acoustic Neuroma ◽  
Mobile Phone Use ◽  
One Year ◽  
Mobile Phone Radiation

Although mobile phones have proved to be lifesaving in certain circumstances, wide concerns have been raised about brain tumors associated with their use. This article systematically reviews previous and current research in regards to mobile phone use and brain tumors. Recently, research (more than 10 years mobile phone use or cumulative mobile phone use more than 1640 hours) has been found that the amount of exposure to mobile phone radiation plays a key role in determining the significant associations between mobile phone use and gliomas, and acoustic neuroma. In general, those who use mobile phones for more than ten years, or cumulative call time for more than 1640 hours, have higher risks to develop brain tumors, especially glioma and acoustic neuroma, than those who use mobile phones for less than one year.

Factors Affecting Mobile Phone Use Among Undergraduate Students in Turkey

2013 ◽  
pp. 234-246
Author(s):  
Ali Acilar
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Mobile Phone Use ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
The World

Mobile phones are one of the fastest-adopted innovations in history. Globally, mobile phones have rapidly become widespread in most parts of the world, especially among the young generation. Young people constitute an important and significant part of mobile phone users. In this study, the author examined the factors affecting mobile phone use among undergraduate students in a developing country. The research data was collected through a convenience sample of undergraduate students in a public university in Turkey. Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the underlying factors in mobile phone use. Nine factors are identified from the results of factor analysis such as “Information,” “Attitude,” “Mobility,” “Functional service,” “Entertainment/Relaxation,” “Convenience,” “Fashion,” “Sense of security,” and “Multimedia service”.

An Evaluation of Potential Yield of Indium Recycled from Waste Mobile Phone in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 847 ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Guang Wang ◽  
Yu Feng Wu ◽  
Yi Fan Gu ◽  
Xian Zhong Mu
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Conduction Properties

In recent years, users replace their mobile phone more and more frequently, therefore, the number of waste mobile phones has been increasing year by year. In 2014, the number was more than 1 billion units. Indium, that has unique optical transparency and electrical conduction properties, is a necessary element in the screen of mobile phone. The potential yield of indium recycled from waste mobile phone is considerable. Recycling indium from waste mobile phones can alleviate the constraints of indium resources while gaining great economic benefit. However, there is no relevant research work to evaluate the potential yield of indium in the waste cell phone. This paper explores the main factors that constraint the efficiency of recycling by predicting potential yield of indium recycled from waste mobile phone, and puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations. The results are based on the Logistic model and Stock-base model and a survey. The results show that the potential yield of indium recycled from waste mobile phone from 2015 to 2035 will increase from 8.7 tonnes to 10.2 tonnes in China. However, the recovery rate of waste mobile phone is very low, the actual available amount is far lower than the potential yield of indium. The main factors that constrain the efficiency of recycling are: (1) it is difficult to guarantee information security; (2) the existing recycling system is not perfect; (3) the technology of recycling indium needs to be improved.

scholarly journals Frequency Survey of Bacterial Contamination of Mobile Cell Phones in General Population in Tehran, Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Esfandiar Matini ◽  
Farzad Shayeghi ◽  
Javad Nematian ◽  
Homeyra Shayeghi ◽  
Vahideh Lazemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Frequency Survey ◽  
Micro Organisms

Background: Mobile smart phones have become increasingly integrated into the daily lives of individuals in society. Recent studies indicated the considerable role of these devices as reservoirs for various micro-organisms. The objective of this study was to assess the prev­alence of microbiological contamination of mobile phones in general population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included a large sample of mobile phones of gen­eral population Tehran in 2015. Samples for culture were collected from mobile phones and transported for microbiological identification based on standard laboratory methods. Results: Bacteriological analysis revealed that in total of 5220 sample retrieved, 5180 (98.9%) mobile phone devices were contaminated with bacteria. The most common microorganisms that were isolated include: Staphylococcus epidermidis (63.9), Escherichia coli (12.3%) and Staphylo­coccus aureus (11.4%). Conclusion: The prevalence of mobile phone contamination is high in general population in Tehran. Although most of the isolated organisms seemed to be non-patho­genic, their colonization may endanger certain populations particularly in health care settings. [GMJ.2016;5(2):70-74]

scholarly journals Ameliorative effects of high-protein diet on hepatotoxic alterations in Swiss albino mice exposed to mobile phone radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 258-264
Author(s):  
Debajyoti Bhattacharya ◽  
Prerona Biswas ◽  
Somnath Gangopadhyay ◽  
Mausumi Sikdar Bhakta
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Mobile Phone Radiation

Objectives: Nowadays, mobile phones have become a prime necessity. At present, various advance networking connections such as 3G and 4G are available in the market to get a faster service. However, these mobile phones emit harmful electromagnetic radiations which have various ill effects on different physiological systems. The present study has been done to find out the extent of damage caused by mobile phone radiation on liver cells, and, whether high-protein diet (HPD) has any ameliorative effect on such changes. Materials and Methods: Male Swiss Albino mice were divided into four groups. Two groups of animals were exposed to mobile phone radiation at global system for mobile communications like frequencies at 1.8 GHz for 3 h continuously per day for 90 days. One of these radiation exposed groups received a normal diet (containing 5% casein) and the other exposed group received a HPD (supplemented with 20% casein). The control group animals received only a normal diet, while the animals of the remaining group received only a HPD. The serum biochemical and histological parameters of liver tissues and ladder assay of hepatic DNA were studied. Results: A significantly elevated level (P < 0.05) of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, bilirubin and serum caspase-3 levels was observed in the group of animals exposed to electromagnetic radiation emitted from mobile phone. Histological changes were also observed in the experimental groups. Moreover, in genomic DNA ladder assay, fragmented DNA was observed in exposed group, which is a probable sign of cell apoptosis. Recovery symptoms were observed in the animals supplemented with high casein diet. Conclusion: From the present study, it may be concluded that electromagnetic radiation emitted from mobile phones has damaging effects on hepatocytes which may be ameliorated by HPD.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields of Dental Light Cure Devices and Mobile Phones Accelerating Microleakage of Amalgam Restorations: An in vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2Apr) ◽  
Author(s):  
S M J Mortazavi ◽  
A Dehghani Nazhvani ◽  
M Paknahad
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
Mobile Phone Radiation ◽  
Amalgam Restorations

Background: Previous studies have shown that exposure to electromagnetic fields produced by magnetic resonance imaging or mobile phones can lead to increased microleakage of dental amalgam.Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of electromagnetic field of a commercial dental light cure device and a common GSM mobile phone on microleakage of amalgam restorations.Materials and Methods: Identical class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 60 non-carious extracted human teeth. The samples were randomly divided into 4 groups of 20 samples each. The samples in the first group were not exposed to electromagnetic fields, while the second and the third groups were exposed to electromagnetic fields produced by a commercial light cure device, or mobile phone radiation (60 min), respectively. The fourth group was exposed to electromagnetic radiations emitted by both mobile phone for 60 min and light cure device. Then, teeth samples were scored for microleakage according to a standard dye penetration protocol by examination under a stereomicroscope.Results: The mean score of microleakage in the fourth group (light cure + mobile phone) was significantly higher than that of the control group (P =0.030). Moreover, the scores of microleakage in this group were significantly higher than that of the second group (light cure only) (P= 0.043).Conclusion: Exposure of amalgam restorations to electromagnetic fields produced by both light cure devices and mobile phones can synergistically increase the microleakage of amalgam restorations.

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