scholarly journals Teratogenic effects of imidacloprid in rats: mechanistic role of oxidative stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Nermeen Borai El-Borai ◽  
Seham Said Hadad ◽  
Hanem Kamal Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Skeletal Malformations ◽  
Fetal Malformations ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Dose Dependent

Extensive use of imidacloprid (IMI) insecticide in the agro-vet practices leads to continuous animal and human exposure. Exposure of pregnant dams to such insecticides results in fetal malformations. In the light of this, the present study was designed to investigate the teratogenic effects of two different doses of IMI and the possible mechanistic role of oxidative stress. Fifteen pregnant females were randomly divided into three equal groups and orally treated daily during organogenesis period (6-15th GD), control (distilled water), LD-IMI (45 mg/kg) and HD-IMI (90 mg/kg). All pregnant dams were exposed to caesarean section on GD 20. Exposure to IMI induced significant increase in the percentage of resorptions at high-dose with significant reduction of fetal and placental weights in a dose-dependent manner. External fetal morphological abnormalities were recorded only at high-dose while several visceral abnormalities were observed in fetuses at low- and high-doses. Significant increases in the percentages of fetal skeletal malformations were recorded only in the high-dose group. Significant changes in MDA, GSH levels and CAT activity with insignificant change in the level of H2O2 were recorded only in placentae of LD-IMI group. However, all these parameters recorded significant changes in serum of dams, placentae and liver of fetuses at high-dose. In conclusion, exposure of pregnant rats to IMI, particularly at higher-dose, during the period of organogenesis induced fetal teratogenic effects that may be related to its maternal and fetal oxidative damaging impacts.   

scholarly journals Dose-related effects of clozapine and risperidone on the pattern of brain regional serotonin and dopamine metabolism and on tests related to extrapyramidal functions in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhat Batool ◽  
Ambreen Hasnat ◽  
Muhammad Haleem ◽  
Darakhshan Haleem
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Metabolism ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Saline Administration ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Home Cage Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
The Brain

Dose-related effects of clozapine and risperidone on the pattern of brain regional serotonin and dopamine metabolism and on tests related to extrapyramidal functions in rats The present study was designed to evaluate the behavioral and neurochemical profiles of clozapine and risperidone in rats in a dose-dependent manner. Animals injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with clozapine (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg kg-1) or risperidone (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg kg-1) were sacrificed 1 h later to collect brain samples. Hypolocomotive effects (home cage activity and catalepsy) were successively monitored in each animal after the drug or saline administration. Both drugs significantly (p < 0.01) decreased locomotor activity at high doses and in a dose-dependent manner. Maximum (100%) cataleptic potential was achieved at a high dose (5.0 mg kg-1) of risperidone. Neurochemical estimations were carried out by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Both drugs, at all doses, significantly (p < 0.01) increased the concentration of homovanillic acid (HVA), a metabolite of dopamine (DA), in the striatum. Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels increased in the striatum and decreased in the rest of the brain, particularly in clozapine-injected rats. 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), the predominant metabolite of serotonin, significantly (p < 0.01) decreased in the striatum. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was significantly (p < 0.01) increased by risperidone and decreased by clozapine in the rest of the brain. Striatal tryptophan (TRP) was significantly (p < 0.01) decreased by risperidone and increased in the rest of the brain. The striatal HVA/DA ratio increased and the 5-HT turnover rate remained unchanged in the rest of the brain. Results suggest that the affinity of the two drugs towards D2/5-HT1A receptors interaction is involved in lower incidence of extrapyramidal side effects. Role of 5-HT1A receptors in the treatment of schizophrenia is discussed.

Biochemical changes and oxidative stress induced by zearalenone in the liver of pregnant rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Zhou ◽  
Y Zhang ◽  
S Yin ◽  
Z Jia ◽  
A Shan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Albumin Content ◽  
Dose Dependent

The aim of the present research was to examine the toxic influence of different doses of zearalenone (ZEN) on the liver, especially oxidative stress induced by ZEN on the liver. A total of 48 pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 4 treatments groups with 12 animals in each. The rats were fed with a normal diet treated with 0 mg/kg (control), 50 mg/kg (treatment 1), 100 mg/kg (treatment 2), or 150 mg/kg (treatment 3) ZEN in feed on gestation days (GDs) 0–7 and then all the rats were fed with a normal diet on GDs 8–20. The experimental period lasted 21 days. The results showed that exposure to ZEN induced increase in aspartate amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities and decrease in total protein and albumin content in a dose-dependent manner and also induce decrease in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and increase in malondialdehyde content in a dose-dependent manner in the serum and the liver. The increased transcription of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) was detected in the liver after exposure to ZEN. These results suggested that ZEN not only caused damage in the liver of pregnant rats in a dose-dependent manner but also induced the messenger RNA expression of CYP2E1 in the liver.

scholarly journals The Role of Clomipramine in Potentiating the Teratogenic Effects of Caffeine in Pregnant Rats: A Histopathological Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Nikoui ◽  
Sattar Ostadhadi ◽  
Nasrin Takzare ◽  
Seyyed Mohammad-Ali Nabavi ◽  
Mario Giorgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Simultaneous Administration ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Palate Development ◽  
Rat Fetuses ◽  
Group Control ◽  
High Doses

Since little is known about the teratogenic effects of clomipramine used concurrently with caffeine during the organogenesis period, the aim of this study was to test the teratogenic effects of a coadministration of caffeine and clomipramine on rat fetuses. We divided 42 pregnant rats into seven groups, randomly. The first group (control) received 0.5 mL of normal saline. Clomipramine was injected at 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg to the second and third groups, respectively. The fourth and fifth groups received caffeine in doses of 60 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg, respectively. The sixth group received a combination of 40 mg/kg clomipramine and 60 mg/kg caffeine, and the seventh group was given clomipramine and caffeine at 80 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg, respectively. The fetuses were removed on the 17th day of pregnancy and studied in terms of microscopic and macroscopic morphological features. Fetuses of rats receiving high doses of caffeine or combinations of caffeine and clomipramine showed a significant rate of cleft palate development, open eyelids, mortality, torsion anomalies, shrinkage of skin, and subcutaneous haemorrhage (P≤0.001). This study concludes that caffeine in high doses or the simultaneous administration of caffeine and clomipramine leads to teratogenicity.

scholarly journals A Role of Fluoride on Free Radical Generation and Oxidative Stress in BV-2 Microglia Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Shuhua ◽  
Liu Ziyou ◽  
Yan Ling ◽  
Wang Fei ◽  
Guifan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Microglia Cell ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Cell Medium ◽  
Dose Dependent

The generation of ROS and lipid peroxidation has been considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic fluoride toxicity. In the present study, we observed that fluoride activated BV-2 microglia cell line by observing OX-42 expression in immunocytochemistry. Intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anions (O2∙-), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), nitrotyrosine (NT) and nitric oxide (NO), NOS in cell medium were determined for oxidative stress assessment. Our study found that NaF of concentration from 5 to 20 mg/L can stimuli BV-2 cells to change into activated microglia displaying upregulated OX-42 expression. SOD activities significantly decreased in fluoride-treated BV-2 cells as compared with control, and MDA concentrations and contents of ROS andO2∙-increased in NaF-treated cells. Activities of NOS in cells and medium significantly increased with fluoride concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. NT concentrations also increased significantly in 10 and 50 mg/L NaF-treated cells compared with the control cells. Our present study demonstrated that toxic effects of fluoride on the central nervous system possibly partly ascribed to activiting of microglia, which enhanced oxidative stress induced by ROS and reactive nitrogen species.

scholarly journals An Amino Acids Mixture Improves the Hepatotoxicity Induced by Acetaminophen in Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Di Pierro ◽  
Giuseppe Rossoni
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Better Than

Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug, but at high dose it leads to undesirable side effects, such as hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective role of DDM-GSH, a mixture of L-cysteine, L-methionine, and L-serine in a weight ratio of 2 : 1 : 1, in comparison to N-acetylcysteine (NAC), against acetaminophen- (APAP-) induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Toxicity was induced in mice by the intraperitoneal (ip) administration of low dose (2 mmol/kg) or high dose (8 mmol/kg) of APAP. DDM-GSH (0.4 to 1.6 mmol/kg) was given ip to mice 1 h before the APAP administration. The same was done with NAC (0.9 to 3.6 mmol/kg), the standard antidote of APAP toxicity. Mice were sacrificed 8 h after the APAP injection to determine liver weight, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total glutathione (GSH) depletion and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in liver tissues. DDM-GSH improved mouse survival rates better than NAC against a high dose of APAP. Moreover, DDM-GSH significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner not only APAP-induced increases of ALT but also APAP-induced hepatic GSH depletion and MDA accumulation. Our results suggest that DDM-GSH may be more potent than NAC in protecting the liver from APAP-induced liver injury.

scholarly journals Effects of Low-Dose versus High-Doseγ-Tocotrienol on the Bone Cells Exposed to the Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nizar Abd Manan ◽  
Norazlina Mohamed ◽  
Ahmad Nazrun Shuid
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Dose Dependent

Oxidative stress and apoptosis can disrupt the bone formation activity of osteoblasts which can lead to osteoporosis. This study was conducted to investigate the effects ofγ-tocotrienol on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes activities, and apoptosis of osteoblast exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Osteoblasts were treated with 1, 10, and 100 μM ofγ-tocotrienol for 24 hours before being exposed to 490 μM (IC50) H2O2for 2 hours. Results showed thatγ-tocotrienol prevented the malondialdehyde (MDA) elevation induced by H2O2in a dose-dependent manner. As for the antioxidant enzymes assays, all doses ofγ-tocotrienol were able to prevent the reduction in SOD and CAT activities, but only the dose of 1 μM of GTT was able to prevent the reduction in GPx. As for the apoptosis assays,γ-tocotrienol was able to reduce apoptosis at the dose of 1 and 10 μM. However, the dose of 100 μM ofγ-tocotrienol induced an even higher apoptosis than H2O2. In conclusion, low doses ofγ-tocotrienol offered protection for osteoblasts against H2O2toxicity, but itself caused toxicity at the high doses.

scholarly journals In Vivo Exposure to Bisphenol-A Altered the Reproductive Functionality in Male Coturnix Coturnix Japonica

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUTHAN PERMUAL ◽  
GAUTHAM KOLLURI ◽  
JAG MOHAN ◽  
RAM SINGH ◽  
JAGBIR TYAGI
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Japanese Quails ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Bisphenol-A, is one of the most characterized endocrine disruptors on the reproductive functions in humans and animals. We have previously reported in vitro and in vivo effects of bisphenol-A on functional role of sperm in chicken. Here, the effects of 1 and 5 mg/kg bisphenol-A daily administered by gavage for 3 wk to adult male Japanese quails on reproductive functionality was investigated. Cloacal index and foam frequency were greatly reduced at high dose. Sperm quality attributes were affected at both doses. Sperm quality attributes were affected at both doses. Alkaline phosphatase showed most significant reduction among seminal enzymes. Dose dependent response (P < 0.01) of bisphenol-A was noticed with modulating testosterone concentrations at low and high doses. Disturbances regarding fertility and hatchability traits were prominent in high and low dose groups. The current study confirms the compromising actions of bisphenol-A on reproductive success in male Japanese quails at lower doses that are considered to be safe (50 mg/kg BW/d) under in vivo exposure module. These results indicate higher sensitivity of quails to bisphenol-A toxicity and explores the possibility of using quail subjects as an accurate toxic indicators.

Increases in discontinuous rib cartilage and fused carpal bone in rat fetuses exposed to the teratogens, busulfan, acetazolamide, vitamin A, and ketoconazole

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 439-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Dodo ◽  
K. Uchida ◽  
T. Hirose ◽  
T. Fukuta ◽  
C. Kojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Rib Cartilage ◽  
Skeletal Changes ◽  
Skeletal Malformations ◽  
High Doses

Skeletal changes induced by treatment of pregnant rats with four potent teratogens, busulfan, acetazolamide, vitamin A palmitate, and ketoconazole, were evaluated using Alizarin Red S and Alcian Blue double-staining to investigate the relationship between drug-induced skeletal malformations and cartilaginous changes in the fetuses. Pregnant rats (N = 8/group) were treated once or twice between gestation days (GDs) 10 to 13 with busulfan at doses of 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg; acetazolamide at 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg; vitamin A palmitate at 100,000, 300,000, or 1,000,000 IU/kg; or ketoconazole at doses of 10, 30, or 100 mg/kg. Uterine evaluations and fetal external and skeletal examinations were conducted on GD 20. Marked skeletal abnormalities in ribs and hand/forelimb bones such as absent/ short/bent ribs, fused rib cartilage, absent/fused forepaw phalanx, and misshapen carpal bones were induced at the mid- and high-doses of busulfan and acetazolamide and at the high-dose of vitamin A palmitate and ketoconazole. Increased incidences of discontinuous rib cartilage (DRC) and fused carpal bone (FCB) were observed from the low- or mid-dose in the busulfan and acetazolamide groups, and incidences of FCB were increased from the mid-dose in the vitamin A palmitate and ketoconazole groups. Therefore, DRC and FCB were detected at lower doses than those at which ribs and hand/forelimb malformations were observed in the four potent teratogens.

scholarly journals MtsABC Is Important for Manganese and Iron Transport, Oxidative Stress Resistance, and Virulence of Streptococcus pyogenes

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 2656-2664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Janulczyk ◽  
Susanna Ricci ◽  
Lars Björck
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Enzyme Functionality ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Pronounced Reduction

ABSTRACT MtsABC is a Streptococcus pyogenes ABC transporter which was previously shown to be involved in iron and zinc accumulation. In this study, we showed that an mtsABC mutant has impaired growth, particularly in a metal-depleted medium and an aerobic environment. In metal-depleted medium, growth was restored by the addition of 10 μM MnCl2, whereas other metals had modest or no effect. A characterization of metal radioisotope accumulation showed that manganese competes with iron accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, iron competes with manganese accumulation but to a lesser extent. The mutant showed a pronounced reduction (>90%) of 54Mn accumulation, showing that MtsABC is also involved in Mn transport. Using paraquat and hydrogen peroxide to induce oxidative stress, we show that the mutant has an increased susceptibility to reactive oxygen species. Moreover, activity of the manganese-cofactored superoxide dismutase in the mutant is reduced, probably as a consequence of reduced intracellular availability of manganese. The enzyme functionality was restored by manganese supplementation during growth. The mutant was also attenuated in virulence, as shown in animal experiments. These results emphasize the role of MtsABC and trace metals, especially manganese, for S. pyogenes growth, susceptibility to oxidative stress, and virulence.

scholarly journals S-Methylcysteine (SMC) Ameliorates Intestinal, Hepatic, and Splenic Damage Induced by Cryptosporidium parvum Infection Via Targeting Inflammatory Modulators and Oxidative Stress in Swiss Albino Mice

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy ◽  
Gehad E. Elshopakey ◽  
Amira A. Saleh ◽  
Ahmad Agil ◽  
Ahmed El-Morsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Dose Dependent

Cryptosporidiosis has been proposed to be one of the major causes of diarrhoeal disease in humans worldwide that possesses zoonotic concern. Thereby, this study investigated the potential effects of s-Methylcysteine (SMC) on the parasite in vivo followed by the measurement of cytokines, oxidative stress parameters, and an investigation of the major histopathological changes. Sixty male Swiss albino mice weighing 20–25 g were allocated equally into five groups and orally administered saline only (control), SMC only (SMC50) (50 mg/kg b.w.), and 104Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts per mouse via an esophageal tube (C + ve untreated). The fourth and fifth groups (C + SMC25, C + SMC50) administrated 104C. parvum oocysts combined with SMC25 (low dose) and 50 (high dose) mg/kg b.w., respectively. At days 7 and 14 post-infection (PI), the feces was collected from each group in order to count C. parvum oocysts. After two weeks of treatment, the animals were euthanized and the serum was collected for biochemical analysis. Next, the intestinal, spleen, and liver sections were dissected for histopathological examination. The results revealed lower oocyst numbers in the C + SMC25 and C + SMC50 groups compared to the infected untreated group. Moreover, higher doses of SMC treatment significantly reduced the enteritis induced by C. parvum in a dose-dependent manner. The hepatic lesions were also mitigated as demonstrated in C + SMC25 and C + SMC50 groups unlike the infected group via lowering the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes and increasing albumin and globulin serum levels. SMC administration also reduced cytokines production (SAP, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ) mediated by Cryptosporidium infection in contrast to the infected untreated group. There were marked lymphoid depletion and amyloidosis observed in the infected untreated group, while the treated groups showed obvious increase in the lymphoid elements. Moreover, the scoring of intestinal parasites, hepatic, and splenic lesions in the SMC-treated groups exhibited significantly lower pathological lesions in different organs in a dose-dependent manner, compared to the infected untreated group. Our results also revealed a significant change in the malondialdehyde content with an elevation of glutathione and superoxide dismutase in the intestines collected from C + SMC25 and C + SMC50 mice relative to the untreated group. Taken together, our results indicated that SMC could be a promising effective compound for treating and declining C. parvum infestation via restoring structural alterations in different tissues, enhancing antioxidant enzymes, and suppressing the cytokines liberation.

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