scholarly journals Document Falsification/Forgery from the View of Islamic Jurisprudence and Malaysian Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-498
Author(s):  
Wan Abdul Fattah Wan Ismail ◽  
Ahmad Syukran Baharuddin ◽  
Lukman Abdul Mutalib ◽  
Muneer Ali Abdul Rab al-Qubaty
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Evidence Law ◽  
The Law

Although the scholars of Islamic jurisprudence discussed the importance of document and its strength as a mean of proof, they did not discuss the issue of forgery unless slightly compared with the scholars of law. This is due to its limited extension and uses in the period of times. And with the frequent use of them in our time, the debates have extended towards several circumstances either to attempt for or to deny a forgery. Therefore, this research is conducted to study the document falsification from the perspectives of Islamic Jurisprudence and Malaysian Law. It is also to explain the definition, procedure and methods to identify the crime and its punishment. The study used inductive and content analysis methods on previous scholars’ opinions, discussions and explanation from two different legal institutions. This study found the following important results: The are many forms of forgery occur in this era and can be classified either as material or incorporeal fraud. Several implications have been issued against the forgery crime in the Malaysian Penal Code, such as imprisonment, lashes and fines. The Islamic jurisprudence and the Malaysian Evidence Act 1950 has established several methods to verify the validity of documents such as confession, testimony, expert opinion, and oath, but the opinion of the expert is the most important means in verifying the authenticity and originality of documents. This study also found that the Malaysian Evidence Law did not discuss the oath as a mean to verify documents. As analysed, the method to verify documents discussed in the books of jurisprudence is very different from that of the Malaysian Evidence Act 1950, which specifies the conditions of documents and the number of witnesses, but the law does not specify the number of witnesses and impose conditions only.[Meskipun para ahli tata hukum Islam membahas pentingnya sebuah dokumen sebagai alat bukti, namun mereka kurang membahas persoalan pemalsuan dokumen sedalam para ahli hukum konvensional. Hal ini terkait dengan terbatasnya waktu dan kuantitas penggunaan, sehingga frekuensi penggunaannya memunculkan debat yang panjang, baik yang menerima atau yang menolak soal pemalsuan. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini membahas pemalsuan dokumen dari perspektif tata hukum Islam dan hukum nasional di Malaysia. Artikel ini juga menjelaskan definisi, prosedur, dan metode identifikasi kejahatan ini serta hukumannya. Penulis menggunakan metode induktif dan analisis isi pada opini, perdebatan, dan penjelasan dari dua institusi hukum yang berbeda. Kajian ini menyimpulkan adanya beragam bentuk pemalsuan dewasa ini, baik material atau non material. Beberapa aturan hukum telah dikeluarkan di Malaysia dan sangsi nya seperti penjara, cambuk dan denda. Peradilan Islam dan Undang Undang Saksi Tahun 1950 telah menetapkan beberapa metode untuk validasi dokumen seperti: pengakuan, testimoni, pendapat ahli, dan sumpah, namun pendapat dari ahli masih merupakan cara utama untuk verifikasi keautentikan dan keaslian dokumen. Artikel ini juga menemukan bahwa peraturan hukum di Malaysia belum membahas sumpah sebagai alat verifikasi dokumen. Juga metodenya berbeda antara yang ada di dalam buku teks dengan Undang Undang 1950 yang lebih fokus pada kondisi dokumen dan jumlah saksi, padahal di dalam hukumnya tidak memperhitungkan jumlah saksi, hanya kondisinya saja.]

scholarly journals Wills of ‘Wajibah’ and Renewal Thoughts of Islamic Inheritance Law in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
Ismail -
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Law

The Will of ‘Wajibah’ has been implemented in several Muslim countries, it is still debated. According to the majority of fiqh scholars, the obligation of will for a Muslim who is close to his death has been abolished by inheritance law. In addition, they argue that a will is ‘ikhtiyâriyah’ or an act of ‘ikhtiyâriyah’, the act depends on a person’s will, and it is not enforced by force (ijbariyah). This study tries to answer the controversy with the sub-problems of the actual concept of the mandatory will, the legal basis used by Islamic juries in determining the law, and how its reforms. This research is qualitative with a literature study and the sources used to include some ‘fiqh’ books and law books. To analyze the data, the author used content analysis methods, through inductive, deductive, and comparative thinking methods. The results of this study indicate that the mandatory will is new ‘ijtihad’ in the treasury of ‘ijtihad’. This concept was born from the reinterpretation of the will and inheritance verses by relating them to the context of today's social life with considerations of benefit or ‘mashlahah mursalah’. Abstrak: Wasiat wajibah meskipun telah berlaku di beberapa negara Muslim, masih mengundang perdebatan, antara lain disebabkan karena menurut pendapat mayoritas atau jumhur ulama fiqh kewajiban berwasiat bagi seorang Muslim yang telah mendekati masa kematiannya itu telah  dihapuskan oleh hukum waris. Di samping itu, mereka juga berpendapat bahwa wasiat adalah perbuatan yang bersifat ikhtiyâriyah, yakni ada tidaknya wasiat tersebut tergantung kepada kehendak seseorang, tidak berlaku secara paksa (ijbâriyah). Penelitian ini, mencoba menjawab kontroversi sebagaimana dikemukakan di atas dengan sub masalah bagaimana sebenarnya konsep wasiat wajibah tersebut, apa landasan hukum yang digunakan oleh para juris Islam dalam menetapkan hukumnya dan bagaimana pembaruan yang terjadi di dalamnya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan studi kepustakaan yang menjadikan sejumlah kitab fiqh dan kitab undang-undang sebagai sumbernya. Analisis dilakukan dengan metode konten analisis, melalui metode berpikir induktif, deduktif dan komparatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa wasiat wajibah sejatinya merupakan ijtihad baru dalam khasanah ijtihad. Konsep ini lahir dari penafsiran ulang terhadap ayat-ayat wasiat dan ayat-ayat waris dengan mengaitkannya dengan konteks kehidupan sosial masyarakat sekarang dengan pertimbangan kemashlahatan atau mashlahah mursalah. Kata-kata kunci: pembaruan, ijtihad, hukum islam, wasiat wajibah

The crime by refrain and leaving, its essence pillars and applications into a legal comparative study to Islamic juispudence

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-213
Author(s):  
Kamal Muhammad Abubakir ◽  
Karim Taha Tahir ◽  
Shakhawan Khidr Rasool
Keyword(s):  
Penal Code ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Legal Obligation ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Material Element ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Harmful Result

crime usually happens in a negative way, that is to prevent an act that is bidding legally, punishable by his/her legacy, or legally binding on it, another one doing positively is the crime takes place in a positive way, that is, by committing an act prohibited by the law and criminalized by the law, especially if it results in an act or omission as a harmful result, and whether the harmful result financial or misconduct was a pure legal violation. The crime of refraining may be preceded by positive behaviors which time its completeness and magnitudes are confirmed.The elements that make the crime are available in the crime of abstinence, like other crimes. The material element is indicated from the proposition that each crime has a result and the causal relationship between the result and the conduct. Or through the law’s consideration of that behavior alone without taking care at the result, depending on the legal concept of the result, through which the result is aggression against an interest saved by the law.The moral element of the abstaining crime is got when there is a condition of discrimination and freedom of choice for the wrongdoer, so the criminal act is issued by someone with a criminal ability.The element of compulsion in the crime is achieved by abstaining when there is a legal obligation on the individual’s responsibility. His\her failure to implement what he\she orders leads to the arrangement of responsibility over the wrongdoer, on the basis of one or more of the base of compulsion, starting with the Penal Code and then the laws that supplement it and after that contract and the conduct of the perpetrator and other laws and rules Public and custom, responsibility and the idea of the advocator, and the exclusive responsibility to protect interests.In Islamic statue include more ways to rule on the crime of abstaining, by considering the abstainer as a cause of the crime, or as a participant therein, or as being incompetent to do what he must himself\herself or assign to him\her from the accomplishment appoint on him\her, and the abstainer can also be judged based on the evidence from the texts of the BOOK and The SUNNAH is straightforward, and the decision of the wrongdoer can be withdraw by measuring it with similar origins and patterns.The criminal victuals have expanded in Islamic jurisprudence and the penal code for the crime of continence, and have determined the appropriate penalties for it according to the resulting damages and aggressions affecting the individual and society.

scholarly journals The problem of determining the weight of postal parcels and transfers for convicts

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
V. I. Seliverstov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Enforcement Mechanism ◽  
The Law

The article deals with the problems of determining the weight of postal parcels and transfers that can be sent (transferred) to convicts serving a criminal sentence of imprisonment; questions of legislative techniques for the formulation and interpretation of blanket norms, the specifics of their functioning in the law enforcement mechanism. The article provides the author‘s expert opinion on the problem of determining the weight of postal parcels and transfers for convicts serving a criminal sentence of imprisonment, which analyzes the blanket norm of Art. 91 of the Penal Code RF on determining the weight of parcels by postal rules and on the basis of taking into account economic, political and social factors in general, as well as the procedure for receiving and delivering internal registered mail, the competence of determining the maximum weight of parcels and transmissions, requirements and recommendations of international standards determining the convicts treatment in this aspect. There are proposals to change the penal legislation with a statement of Part 1 of Art. 90 of the Penal Code RF in the new edition. The materials of the article contain aspects of the concept of the draft law regulating the weight of postal parcels and transfers as well as postal parcels.

scholarly journals Islam and Medicine: A Study on The Fatwa of Indonesian Ulama Council on Vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
JM. Muslimin ◽  
Rizky Fauzi Iskandar ◽  
Yulia Fatma
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Law

The principles of Islamic jurisprudence can provide a convenient solution for practitioners of Islamic law in formulating the law of this rapidly expanding vaccine field for now and the future. This study aims to obtain the rationale of fiqhiyyah principles used by Indonesia Ulama Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia, MUI) related to contemporary medical and health sciences, especially vaccines.. This research is a qualitative library research with primary source the fatwa of  Indonesian Ulama Council.. The data and document are reviewed through content analysis techniques using descriptive-analytical and interpretative methods. The approach in this study uses the Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence (usul al-fiqh) and Islamic legal maxims (qawa'id fiqhiyyah) approach. . The conclusion of the study is the permissibility and prohibition of using vaccines are based on the ingredient of the vaccines. If the ingredient is extracted from allowed materials (halal), the vaccines are accepted. On the contrary, if it is contaminated by illegal materials, the vaccines are rejected. However, in the urgent situations, all vaccines can be accepted based on the logics of emergency and need.

scholarly journals Konsep Dakwah Nir-Radikalisme Perspektif Syaikh Ali Mahfudz

Wardah ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-105
Author(s):  
Muhamad Agus Mushodiq
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Magnum Opus ◽  
The Law ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Way

Abtract: This paper aims to explore the concept of non-radicalism da’wah initiated by Ali Mahfudz. Although Ali Mahfudz did not explicitly say in his magnum opus, that the concept of da’wah refers to the method of non-radicalism da’wah, the author sees many indications that support the concept. In conducting research, the authors use qualitative-library research with content analysis methods. In analyzing the data, the writer uses the indicator of non-radicalism da’wah formulated by Yusuf al-Qaradawi. The results obtained in this paper are (1) the concept of non-radicalism da’wah embodied through three major conceptions, namely mauidzah (tadzkir and qissah), isryad, and khitabah in which there are explanatory explanations about the importance of gentleness, wisdom, grace, be patient, and always follow the way of the Prophet's da’wah in the Koran which includes wisdom, mauidzah hasanah, and debate in the best way, (2) a preacher must balance between the use of revelation and reason, (3) in matters that are khilafiyah, Ali Mahfudz just explained it, without forcing the reader to be fanatical about one understanding, such as the law for someone who does not get da'wah based on the Muktazilah, Asy'ariyah, and al-Maturidiyah understandings, (4) permitting the use of israiliyyat as da’wah material, the use of takwil in interpreting the verse mutasyabihat, and the suggestion to refer the theologians (mutakallimin) in da’wah, (5) dynamism in his da’wah was allegedly caused by the transformation of religious experience from the Syafi'i school to the Hanafi school of thought. Keywords: Da’wah; Ali Mahfudz; Non-Radicalism ; Mu’idzah; Irsyad; Khitabah.   Abstrak: Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengeskplore konsep dakwah nir-radikalisme yang digagas oleh Ali Mahfudz. Meskipun secara eksplisit Ali Mahfudz tidak mengatakan di dalam magnum opusnya, bahwa konsep dakwahnya merujuk pada metode dakwah nir-radikalisme, penulis melihat banyak sekali indikasi yang mendukung konsep tersebut. Dalam melakukan penelitian, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif pustaka dengan metode analisis konten. Dalam menganalisa data, penulis menggunakan indikator dakwah nir-radikalisme yang dirumuskan oleh Yusuf al-Qardhawi. Adapun hasil yang didapatkan dalam tulisan ini adalah (1). Konsep dakwah nir-radikalisme terejawantahkan melalui tiga konsepsi besar, yakni mauidzah (tadzkir dan qissah), isryad, dan khitabah yang di dalamnya terdapat repitisi penjelasan tentang pentingnya lemah lembut, bijaksana, lapang dada, sabar, dan selalu mengikuti cara dakwah rasul di dalam Alquran yang meliputi hikmah, mauidzah hasanah, dan perdebatan dengan cara yang paling baik, (2). Seorang pendakwah harus menyeimbangkan antara penggunaan wahyu dan akal, (3). Dalam hal yang bersifat khilafiyah, Ali Mahfudz hanya sekedar memaparkan saja, tanpa memaksa pembaca untuk fanatik terhadap satu paham, seperti hukum bagi seseorang yang tidak mendapatkan dakwah yang didasarkan pada paham Muktazilah, Asy’ariyah, dan al-Maturidiyah, (4). Diperbolehkannya penggunaan israiliyyat sebagai materi dakwah, penggunaan takwil dalam memaknai ayat mutasyabihat, dan anjuran untuk merujuk para pakar teologi (mutakallimin) dalam berdakwah, (5). Kedinamisan beliau dalam berdakwah disinyalir disebabkan transformasi pengalaman keagamaan dari madzhab Syafi’i menuju madzhab Hanafi. Kata kunci: Dakwah Ali Mahfudz; nir-radikalisme; mu’idzah; irsyad; khitabah.    

KONSEP REWARD DAN PUNISHMENT MENURUT IRAWATI ISTADI (KAJIAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF PENDIDIKAN ISLAM)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-64
Author(s):  
Umi Baroroh
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Research Theme ◽  
Reward And Punishment

Abstract: This research was conducted to find out how reward and punishment according to Irawati certainly does not conflict with the value of Islamic education. This is a library research the data of which were taken from several works of Irawati Istadi and direct interviews with her. The researcher also took some data from several researchers who discussed Irawati Istadi's thoughts and from Islamic education figures whose thoughts had relevance to the research theme. Content analysis methods is applied to draw conclusions. From this research, it can be concluded that the concept of reward and punishment according to Irawati Istadi turns out to be compatible with the Islamic education. However, in Irawati's thought, there are also some differences shows the development of thoughts from previous figures of Islamic education and certainly did not conflict with the values of Islamic education. Keywords: reward, punishment, Islamic education, Irawati Istadi, educator.

PERSPEKTIF SYIAH IMAMIYAH TENTANG DIMENSI TAUHID

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Theoretical Dimension ◽  
Practical Dimension

<strong>Abstrak: </strong>Studi ini membahas perspektif Syiah Imamiyah tentang dimensi tauhid. Dengan pendekatan tafsir al-Qur’an, tulisan ini mengungkapkan temuan bahwa Al-Qur’an sebagai pedoman bagi umat manusia memuat ayat-ayat tauhid yang merupakan asas dan dasar kajian Islam. Ayat-ayat ini diklasifikasi oleh ulama Syiah ke dalam dua kelompok. Kelompok pertama, ayat-ayat yang memuat tentang tauhid teoretis; pemikiran konsep serta pemahaman yang mentauhidkan Allah swt. baik dalam hal zat, sifat maupun perbuatan-Nya. Kelompok kedua adalah ayat-ayat yang mengulas tentang tauhid praktis atau yang disebut dengan tindakan atau amal yang berlandaskan tauhid teoretis. Pada gilirannya baik tauhid teoretis maupun tauhid praktis memiliki cabang dan variannya masing-masing.<br /><br /><strong>Kata Kunci</strong><strong>:</strong><strong> </strong>Syiah Imamiyah, tauhid, al-Qur’an<br /> <br /><strong>Abstract: Shia Imamiyah Perspective on Theology</strong>. This study examines the Shiite Imamiyah school of thought on the dimension of monotheism in the Qur’an. This study is a literature study where the works of Shiite scholars are analyzed by content analysis methods. This study is hoped to become as sufficient information about monotheism according to the Shiah school as explained by scholars of Shi’ism. This study proposes that there are two dimensions of monotheism in the Shia school, namely theoretical monotheism and practical dimensions. The theoretical dimension of monotheism constitutes three categories which include first, substance monotheism, second monotheism of character, and third, monotheism of action. In addition, the practical dimension in monotheism is divided into three namely monotheism in worship (<em>taw<span style="text-decoration: underline;">h</span>îd</em> ‘<em>ibâdah</em>), monotheism in obedience and observance, and monotheism in acquiring comfort and assistance.<br /> <br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Shia Imamiyah, theology, Qur’an<strong></strong>

Methodological and Sociological Analysis About The Fatwa Of Majelis Tarjih Muhammadiyah Concerning To The Muslim Marriage With An Ahl Al-Kitab

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Chamim Tohari
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Empiric Data ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference

Relation between the different of religion comunity in the multicultural nation as in Indonesia be a natural phenomenon that it cannot be avoided. As to one of the problem that had appeared in this case is about wedding problem betweena moslem with the difference religion womans. Majority of the Indonesia religious scholars as scholar in Majelis Tarjih Muhammadiyah had been prohibiting wedding like that with various reason. while a part little of the contemporary moslem scholars have been permiting the wedding. The points which will discussed in this research is how is opinion of Majelis Tarjih Muhammadiyah about the law of wedding with the woman from Ahl Al-Kitab and its ijtihad methodology. This research should analyze the argumentation of the Majelis Tarjih that make forbidding a muslem married with the difference religion womans. This research using library research approach dan content analysis. The results of this research are: (1) Majelis Tarjih of Muhammadiyah forbidding the wedding with sad al-dzari’ah as its argumentation; (2) Majelis Tarjih’s opinion has been irrelevant because two reason, the mistake of methodology and the change of the Indonesian contemporary society (based on an empiric data). Keywords: Ahlu Kitab; Majelis Tarjih; Different Religion Marriage

Mengatasi Kelangkaan Tafsir Ahkam di Tengah Komunitas Penggiat Fikih Nusantara

SUHUF ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-234
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ishom El-Saha
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The Law ◽  
Muslim Scholars

Study on Islamic  jurisprudence in  Indonesian is very vigorous and developed in accord with the dynamics of society’s life in Indonesia. Starting from the study of Islamic jurisprudence on worship, marriage and even on social life in line with the revival of  shariah economy. However, although the study theme of Islamic jurisprudence is getting wider, it has not aroused the mark for the interest revival of Indonesian muslim scholars to  study in depth and width about the Quranic exegesis of the law yet. This writing is made to encourage those who may concern on this issue that it is advisable to those vigorously study the Islamic jurisprudence in Indonesia redesign the pattern of the study of Islamic jurisprudence to be more systematic by emphasizing its study on the Quranic exegesis of the law. This writing explains that the study of Islamic jurisprudence using the approach of the Quranic exegesis of the law will lead to the comprehensive undertanding on the problems of Islamic jurisprudence.

On the Artifactual—and Natural— Character of Legal Institutions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrado Roversi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Legal Realism ◽  
Natural Law Theory ◽  
The Law ◽  
Theory Of Law

Are legal institutions artifacts? If artifacts are conceived as entities whose existence depends on human beings, then yes, legal institutions are, of course, artifacts. But an artifact theory of law makes a stronger claim, namely, that there is actually an explanatory gain to be had by investigating legal institutions as artifacts, or through the features of ordinary artifacts. This is the proposition explored in this chapter: that while this understanding of legal institutions makes it possible to find common ground between legal positivism and legal realism, it does not capture all of the insights offered by these two traditions. An artifact theory of law can therefore be necessary in explaining the law, but it will not suffice to that end. This chapter also posits that legal artifacts bear a relevant connection to certain conceptions of nature, thus vindicating one of the original insights behind natural law theory.

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