scholarly journals PO-220 HIIT prescription and diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorui Xing ◽  
Sai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetic Mellitus ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Intervention Effect

Objective To clarify the effect of HIIT prescription on diabetic mellitus (DM) and provide reliable exercise advise for DM patients. Method: Through literature  Methods Through literature method to collect studies by key words: HIIT, diabetic mellitus, T1DM , T2DM. And through data analyze method to organize the related studies to make a conclusion. Results As a non-infectious metabolic disease，the incidence of DM is increasingly continuing in recent years. The epidemiological studies show that the global incidence of DM in the population aged 20-79 was 8.8% in 2015, and the total number reached 415 million. It is predicted that by 2040, the number of DM patients in this age group will reach 642 million with the prevalence rate rose to 10.4%. Insulin secretion and insulin signal transduction disorders are the main mechanisms of the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) respectively. The inducers of DM are complex, such as obesity, inactivity, insomnia and heredity. The current interventions for DM are mainly drugs, diet, exercise, self-monitoring and education. Among them, exercise is accepted by the majority of diabetic patients because of its economic, fewer side effects and obvious effects. The occurrence of T1DM is closely related to heredity with the majority of adolescence patients. Due to insufficient insulin secretion, the clinical treatment of T2DM is mainly exogenous insulin injections. However, long-term insulin injections on the one hand leads to a continuous decline in the effect of insulin action, and are also a painful process for T1DM patients. Regular exercise can increase insulin sensitivity, decrease insulin resistance, promote the glucose uptake of skeletal muscle and regulate the blood glucose. However, the occurrence of exercise hypoglycemia makes it difficult for T1DM patients to insist exercise. The mechanism for the occurrence of exercise hypoglycemia is not clear, but studies show that it may related to insulin regulation change, counter-regulatory response decline and energy substrate metabolism disorder. Studies have shown that high intensity interval training (HIIT) prescription can avoid the occurrence of exercise-induced hypoglycemia caused by long-term moderate-intensity exercise to a certain extent. Therefore, the relationship between HIIT exercise and T1DM patients requires more research to prove. The occurrence of T2DM is accompanied by obesity. Obesity leads to the development of insulin resistance. A large number of studies have confirmed that exercise has a good intervention effect on obesity and T2DM. Compared with the traditional moderate intensity continuous training (MICT), HIIT has a better effect on reducing abdominal fat in the obesity. T2DM is often accompanied by many complications, such as diabetes cognitive dysfunction, diabetic Cardiomyopathy, diabetic liver disease and so on. The intervention effect of the HIIT prescription on these complications has also been confirmed by numerous studies. Conclusions As a non-pharmaceutical treatment of diabetes, exercise has obvious effects on diabetes intervention. The HIIT has gradually become one of the exercise intervention prescription because of its short time-consuming and obvious effects. However, the HIIT exercise prescription for DM patients of different ages, types, and complications remains to be further clarified.  

SARS-COV-2 in type 2 diabetic patients: Possible roles of exercise training as a medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Kushkestani ◽  
Mohsen Parvani ◽  
Yaser Kazemzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Complications Rate

: SARS-COV-2 is the novel type of beta coronavirus that was first seen in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Type 2 Diabetics are one of the groups most vulnerable to SARS-COV-2 and its associated complications. Many factors such as medication, pathophysiologic-induced compensatory mechanisms, and alterations in protein expression and immune system function can all contribute to severe outcomes in diabetics. In this review article, we first described the possible mechanisms of increased risk and more severe complications rate of SARS-COV-2 in diabetic patients. Secondly, we discussed the crucial roles of exercise in diabetic patients and in balancing of RAS system (ACE2/ACE). Finally, we showed the possible roles of acute and chronic exercise in reducing SARS-COV-2 severe outcomes in diabetics in accordance with the latest evidence. We concluded that regular exercise (especially moderate-intensity exercise) can play immune enhancing, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation roles and can balance ACE2/ACE ratio (decreasing ANG2 levels) in diabetic subjects.

scholarly journals PancREatic Cancer and Individualised Supervised Exercise (PRECISE): a feasibility trial protocol for patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Dominic O'Connor ◽  
Malcolm Brown ◽  
Roy Bowdery ◽  
Martin Eatock ◽  
Claire Hulme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Health And Social Care

Background: Patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy can experience an array of complications including fatigue, pain and the loss of physical function. Accumulating evidence from largely early stage breast cancer studies supports exercise as an adjunct therapy to help mitigate treatment complications. However, there is a lack of evidence of its feasibility in pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this study is to explore the initial feasibility of delivering a supervised, individualized, and progressive concurrent exercise intervention to individuals with resectable PDAC who are undergoing adjuvant therapy. Methodology: Ten patients with resectable PDAC undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy will be recruited. Clinical care teams will screen patients against inclusion criteria to determine eligibility. All enrolled participants will complete a 16-week, supervised, tailored, moderate intensity exercise intervention consisting of aerobic and muscle strengthening activities. The primary outcome will be feasibility of delivering a supervised exercise intervention. Secondary outcomes will include measures of physical fitness, fatigue, and quality of life. Outcomes will be measured at baseline (T1), 16 weeks (T2) and 3 months (T3). The feasibility, acceptability and potential utility of the supervised exercise intervention will be explored qualitatively through semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders (e.g. active participants, eligible participants that declined participation and the research staff including exercise physiologists and recruiting clinicians).  The use of health and social care services, medications and personal expenses incurred during the trial will also be used to determine cost-effectiveness of this intervention and a potential further RCT in PDAC. Discussion: The overall aim of this study is to determine the utility of a supervised, tailored, moderate intensity exercise intervention in PDAC patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy.  This feasibility study will help inform the design of future randomised controlled trials to determine the efficacy of the exercise intervention in PDAC.

scholarly journals Hippocampal Blood Flow Is Increased After 20 min of Moderate-Intensity Exercise

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J Steventon ◽  
C Foster ◽  
H Furby ◽  
D Helme ◽  
R G Wise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract Long-term exercise interventions have been shown to be a potent trigger for both neurogenesis and vascular plasticity. However, little is known about the underlying temporal dynamics and specifically when exercise-induced vascular adaptations first occur, which is vital for therapeutic applications. In this study, we investigated whether a single session of moderate-intensity exercise was sufficient to induce changes in the cerebral vasculature. We employed arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging to measure global and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) before and after 20 min of cycling. The blood vessels’ ability to dilate, measured by cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) to CO2 inhalation, was measured at baseline and 25-min postexercise. Our data showed that CBF was selectively increased by 10–12% in the hippocampus 15, 40, and 60 min after exercise cessation, whereas CVR to CO2 was unchanged in all regions. The absence of a corresponding change in hippocampal CVR suggests that the immediate and transient hippocampal adaptations observed after exercise are not driven by a mechanical vascular change and more likely represents an adaptive metabolic change, providing a framework for exploring the therapeutic potential of exercise-induced plasticity (neural, vascular, or both) in clinical and aged populations.

scholarly journals A 12-month moderate-intensity exercise intervention does not alter serum prolactin concentrations

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerryn W. Reding ◽  
Johanna W. Lampe ◽  
C.Y. Wang ◽  
Frank Z. Stanczyk ◽  
Cornelia M. Ulrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise

Heart rate response to exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness of young women at high familial risk for hypertension: effects of interval vs continuous training

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 824-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel G Ciolac ◽  
Edimar A Bocchi ◽  
Julia MD Greve ◽  
Guilherme V Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Response To Exercise

Exercise training is an effective intervention for treating and preventing hypertension, but its effects on heart rate (HR) response to exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of non-hypertensive offspring of hypertensive parents (FH+) has not been studied. We compared the effects of three times per week equal-volume high-intensity aerobic interval (AIT) and continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME) on HR response to exercise and CRF of FH+. Forty-four young FH+ women (25.0 ± 4.4 years) randomized to control (CON; n = 12), AIT (80–90% of VO2MAX; n = 16), or CME (50–60% of VO2MAX; n = 16) performed a graded exercise test (GXT) before and after 16 weeks of follow-up to evaluate HR response to exercise and several parameters of CRF. Resting, maximal, and reserve HR did not change after the follow-up in all groups. HR recovery (difference between HRMAX and HR at 1 minute of GXT recovery phase) improved only after AIT (11.8 ± 4.9 vs. 20.6 ± 5.8 bpm, p < 0.01). Both exercise programmes were effective for improving CRF parameters, but AIT was more effective than CME for improving oxygen consumption at the respiratory compensation point (VO2RCP; 22.1% vs. 8.8%, p = 0.008) and maximal effort (VO2MAX; 15.8% vs. 8.0%, p = 0.036), as well as tolerance time (TT) to reach anaerobic threshold (TTAT; 62.0 vs. 37.7, p = 0.048), TTRCP (49.3 vs. 32.9, p = 0.032), and TTMAX (38.9 vs. 29.2, p = 0.042). Exercise intensity was an important factor in improving HR recovery and CRF of FH+women. These findings may have important implications for designing exercise-training programmes for the prevention of an inherited hypertensive disorder.

scholarly journals Short-term interval training alters brain glucose metabolism in subjects with insulin resistance

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1828-1838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna M Honkala ◽  
Jarkko Johansson ◽  
Kumail K Motiani ◽  
Jari-Joonas Eskelinen ◽  
Kirsi A Virtanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Sedentary Subjects

Brain insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU) is increased in obese and insulin resistant subjects but normalizes after weight loss along with improved whole-body insulin sensitivity. Our aim was to study whether short-term exercise training (moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) or sprint interval training (SIT)) alters substrates for brain energy metabolism in insulin resistance. Sedentary subjects ( n = 21, BMI 23.7–34.3 kg/m2, age 43–55 y) with insulin resistance were randomized into MICT ( n = 11, intensity≥60% of VO2peak) or SIT ( n = 10, all-out) groups for a two-week training intervention. Brain GU during insulin stimulation and fasting brain free fatty acid uptake (FAU) was measured using PET. At baseline, brain GU was positively associated with the fasting insulin level and negatively with the whole-body insulin sensitivity. The whole-body insulin sensitivity improved with both training modes (20%, p = 0.007), while only SIT led to an increase in aerobic capacity (5%, p = 0.03). SIT also reduced insulin-stimulated brain GU both in global cortical grey matter uptake (12%, p = 0.03) and in specific regions ( p < 0.05, all areas except the occipital cortex), whereas no changes were observed after MICT. Brain FAU remained unchanged after the training in both groups. These findings show that short-term SIT effectively decreases insulin-stimulated brain GU in sedentary subjects with insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Acute Exercise Stress Reveals Cerebrovascular Benefits Associated with Moderate Gains in Cardiorespiratory Fitness

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1873-1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien V Brugniaux ◽  
Christopher J Marley ◽  
Danielle A Hodson ◽  
Karl J New ◽  
Damian M Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Hb Concentration

Elevated cardiorespiratory fitness improves resting cerebral perfusion, although to what extent this is further amplified during acute exposure to exercise stress and the corresponding implications for cerebral oxygenation remain unknown. To examine this, we recruited 12 moderately active and 12 sedentary healthy males. Middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) and prefrontal cortical oxyhemoglobin (cO2Hb) concentration were monitored continuously at rest and throughout an incremental cycling test to exhaustion. Despite a subtle elevation in the maximal oxygen uptake (active: 52 ± 9 ml/kg per minute versus sedentary: 33 ± 5 ml/kg per minute, P < 0.05), resting MCAv was not different between groups. However, more marked increases in both MCAv (+28 ± 13% versus +18 ± 6%, P < 0.05) and cO2Hb (+5 ±4% versus −2 ± 3%, P < 0.05) were observed in the active group during the transition from low- to moderate-intensity exercise. Collectively, these findings indicate that the long-term benefits associated with moderate increase in physical activity are not observed in the resting state and only become apparent when the cerebrovasculature is challenged by acute exertional stress. This has important clinical implications when assessing the true extent of cerebrovascular adaptation.

Time course of changes in inflammatory markers during a 6-mo exercise intervention in sedentary middle-aged men: a randomized-controlled trial

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Thompson ◽  
Daniella Markovitch ◽  
James A. Betts ◽  
Dawn Mazzatti ◽  
James Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Genomic Changes ◽  
Response Information ◽  
Vigorous Intensity

Regular exercise may improve systemic markers of chronic inflammation, but direct evidence and dose-response information is lacking. The objective of this study was to examine the effect and time course of changes in markers of chronic inflammation in response to progressive exercise training (and subsequent detraining). Forty-one sedentary men 45–64 yr of age completed either a progressive 24-wk exercise intervention or control followed by short-term removal of the intervention (2-wk detraining). Serum IL-6 fell by −0.4 pg/ml (SD 0.6) after 12 wk and responded to moderate-intensity exercise. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity fell −7 U/l (SD 11) at 24 wk although there was no evidence of any change by week 12 (and therefore ALT required more vigorous-intensity activity and/or a more prolonged intervention). The effect on IL-6 was lost after 2-wk detraining whereas the change in ALT was retained. The temporal fall and rise in IL-6 with training and subsequent detraining in men with high IL-6 at baseline provided a retrospective opportunity to examine parallel genomic changes in peripheral mononuclear cells. A subset of 53 probes was differentially regulated by at least twofold after training with 31 of these changes being lost after detraining ( n = 6). IL-6 responded quickly to the carefully monitored exercise intervention (within weeks) and required only moderate-intensity exercise, whereas ALT took longer to change and/or required more vigorous-intensity exercise. Further work is required to determine whether any of the genes that temporally changed in parallel with changes in IL-6 are a cause or consequence of this response.

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