Time course of changes in inflammatory markers during a 6-mo exercise intervention in sedentary middle-aged men: a randomized-controlled trial

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Thompson ◽  
Daniella Markovitch ◽  
James A. Betts ◽  
Dawn Mazzatti ◽  
James Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Genomic Changes ◽  
Response Information ◽  
Vigorous Intensity

Regular exercise may improve systemic markers of chronic inflammation, but direct evidence and dose-response information is lacking. The objective of this study was to examine the effect and time course of changes in markers of chronic inflammation in response to progressive exercise training (and subsequent detraining). Forty-one sedentary men 45–64 yr of age completed either a progressive 24-wk exercise intervention or control followed by short-term removal of the intervention (2-wk detraining). Serum IL-6 fell by −0.4 pg/ml (SD 0.6) after 12 wk and responded to moderate-intensity exercise. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity fell −7 U/l (SD 11) at 24 wk although there was no evidence of any change by week 12 (and therefore ALT required more vigorous-intensity activity and/or a more prolonged intervention). The effect on IL-6 was lost after 2-wk detraining whereas the change in ALT was retained. The temporal fall and rise in IL-6 with training and subsequent detraining in men with high IL-6 at baseline provided a retrospective opportunity to examine parallel genomic changes in peripheral mononuclear cells. A subset of 53 probes was differentially regulated by at least twofold after training with 31 of these changes being lost after detraining ( n = 6). IL-6 responded quickly to the carefully monitored exercise intervention (within weeks) and required only moderate-intensity exercise, whereas ALT took longer to change and/or required more vigorous-intensity exercise. Further work is required to determine whether any of the genes that temporally changed in parallel with changes in IL-6 are a cause or consequence of this response.

scholarly journals Acute Impact of Moderate-Intensity and Vigorous-Intensity Exercise Bouts on Daily Physical Activity Energy Expenditure in Postmenopausal Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuewen Wang ◽  
Barbara J. Nicklas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Physical Activity Energy Expenditure ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Activity Energy

This study determined whether performing a single moderate- or vigorous-intensity exercise bout impacts daily physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE, by accelerometer). Overweight/obese postmenopausal women underwent a 5-month caloric restriction and moderate- (n=18) or vigorous-intensity (n=18) center-based aerobic exercise intervention. During the last month of intervention, in women performing moderate-intensity exercise, PAEE on days with exercise (577.7±219.7kcal⋅d−1) was higher (P=.011) than on days without exercise (450.7±140.5kcal⋅d−1); however, the difference (127.0±188.1kcal⋅d−1) was much lower than the energy expended during exercise. In women performing vigorous-intensity exercise, PAEE on days with exercise (450.6±153.6kcal⋅d−1) was lower (P=.047) than on days without exercise (519.2±127.4kcal⋅d−1). Thus, women expended more energy on physical activities outside of prescribed exercise on days they did NOT perform center-based exercise, especially if the prescribed exercise was of a higher intensity.

Physical exercise and blood pressure with reference to the angiotensinogen M235T polymorphism

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Rauramaa ◽  
Raimo Kuhanen ◽  
Timo A. Lakka ◽  
Sari B. Väisänen ◽  
Pirjo Halonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Agt Gene ◽  
M235t Polymorphism

We investigated the role of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene M235T polymorphism in determining blood pressure (BP) response to moderate intensity exercise in a 6-yr randomized controlled trial in 140 middle-aged men. Sitting, supine, and standing blood pressures were measured annually. Of the randomized men, 86% participated in the trial for 6 yr. Submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness increased by 16% in the exercise group. In the M homozygotes, sitting systolic BP decreased by 1.0 mmHg in the exercise but increased by 14.6 mmHg in the reference group ( P = 0.007 for net effect). Sitting and supine diastolic BP decreased by 6.2 and 3.3 mmHg in the exercise but increased by 2.8 and 3.2 mmHg in the reference group ( P = 0.026 and 0.024 for net effects), respectively. Regular moderate intensity exercise attenuates aging-related increase in systolic BP and decreases diastolic BP among the M homozygotes of the AGT gene M235T polymorphism.

scholarly journals PancREatic Cancer and Individualised Supervised Exercise (PRECISE): a feasibility trial protocol for patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Dominic O'Connor ◽  
Malcolm Brown ◽  
Roy Bowdery ◽  
Martin Eatock ◽  
Claire Hulme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Health And Social Care

Background: Patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy can experience an array of complications including fatigue, pain and the loss of physical function. Accumulating evidence from largely early stage breast cancer studies supports exercise as an adjunct therapy to help mitigate treatment complications. However, there is a lack of evidence of its feasibility in pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this study is to explore the initial feasibility of delivering a supervised, individualized, and progressive concurrent exercise intervention to individuals with resectable PDAC who are undergoing adjuvant therapy. Methodology: Ten patients with resectable PDAC undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy will be recruited. Clinical care teams will screen patients against inclusion criteria to determine eligibility. All enrolled participants will complete a 16-week, supervised, tailored, moderate intensity exercise intervention consisting of aerobic and muscle strengthening activities. The primary outcome will be feasibility of delivering a supervised exercise intervention. Secondary outcomes will include measures of physical fitness, fatigue, and quality of life. Outcomes will be measured at baseline (T1), 16 weeks (T2) and 3 months (T3). The feasibility, acceptability and potential utility of the supervised exercise intervention will be explored qualitatively through semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders (e.g. active participants, eligible participants that declined participation and the research staff including exercise physiologists and recruiting clinicians).  The use of health and social care services, medications and personal expenses incurred during the trial will also be used to determine cost-effectiveness of this intervention and a potential further RCT in PDAC. Discussion: The overall aim of this study is to determine the utility of a supervised, tailored, moderate intensity exercise intervention in PDAC patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy.  This feasibility study will help inform the design of future randomised controlled trials to determine the efficacy of the exercise intervention in PDAC.

scholarly journals The Time Course of Inflammatory Biomarkers Following a One-Hour Exercise Bout in Canines: A Pilot Study

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 486
Author(s):  
Wendy Pearson ◽  
Julia Guazzelli Pezzali ◽  
Renan Antunes Donadelli ◽  
Ashley Wagner ◽  
Preston Buff
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Resolvin D1 ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Hunting Dogs ◽  
Inflammation Resolution

There is little information available to describe the inflammatory consequences of and recovery from moderate-intensity exercise bouts in hunting dogs. The purpose of the current study is to generate pilot data on the appearance and disappearance of biomarkers of inflammation and inflammation resolution following a typical one-hour exercise bout in basset hounds. Four hounds were set out to find a scent and freely adopted running or walking over wooded terrain for approximately one hour. Venous blood samples were obtained before the exercise and at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 10 h following cessation of exercise and were analyzed for biomarkers of inflammation (prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 1β (IL-1β)) tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), and inflammation resolution (resolvin D1 (RvD1)). There was an increase in inflammation one hour after the exercise, shown by a significant increase in PGE2. Following this peak, PGE2 steadily declined at the same time as RvD1 increased, with RvD1 peaking at six hours. This pilot study provides evidence that dogs that undergo an hour of hunt exercise experience transient inflammation that peaks one hour after the end of exercise; inflammation resolution peaks six hours after the end of exercise. Future studies should seek to further understand the distinct and combined roles of PGE2 and RvD1 in dog adaptation to exercise stress.

scholarly journals A 12-month moderate-intensity exercise intervention does not alter serum prolactin concentrations

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerryn W. Reding ◽  
Johanna W. Lampe ◽  
C.Y. Wang ◽  
Frank Z. Stanczyk ◽  
Cornelia M. Ulrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise

High-intensity interval training speeds the adjustment of pulmonary O2 uptake, but not muscle deoxygenation, during moderate-intensity exercise transitions initiated from low and elevated baseline metabolic rates

2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 1550-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Williams ◽  
Donald H. Paterson ◽  
John M. Kowalchuk
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Muscle Deoxygenation ◽  
High Intensity Interval

During step transitions in work rate (WR) within the moderate-intensity (MOD) exercise domain, pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇o2p) kinetics are slowed, and V̇o2p gain (ΔV̇o2p/ΔWR) is greater when exercise is initiated from an elevated metabolic rate. High-intensity interval training (HIT) has been shown to speed V̇o2p kinetics when step transitions to MOD exercise are initiated from light-intensity baseline metabolic rates. The effects of HIT on step transitions initiated from elevated metabolic rates have not been established. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of HIT on V̇o2p kinetics during transitions from low and elevated metabolic rates, within the MOD domain. Eight young, untrained men completed 12 sessions of HIT (spanning 4 wk). HIT consisted of 8–12 1-min intervals, cycling at a WR corresponding to 110% of pretraining maximal WR (WRmax). Pre-, mid- and posttraining, subjects completed a ramp-incremental test to determine maximum O2 uptake, WRmax, and estimated lactate threshold (θ̂L). Participants additionally completed double-step constant-load tests, consisting of step transitions from 20 W → Δ45% θ̂L [lower step (LS)] and Δ45 → 90% θ̂L [upper step (US)]. HIT led to increases in maximum O2 uptake ( P < 0.05) and WRmax ( P < 0.01), and τV̇o2p of both lower and upper MOD step transitions were reduced by ∼40% (LS: 24 s → 15 s; US: 45 s → 25 s) ( P < 0.01). However, the time course of adjustment of local muscle deoxygenation was unchanged in the LS and US. These results suggest that speeding of V̇o2p kinetics in both the LS and US may be due, in part, to an improved matching of muscle O2 utilization to microvascular O2 delivery within the working muscle following 12 sessions of HIT, although muscle metabolic adaptations cannot be discounted.

scholarly journals Recreational Exercise Before and During Pregnancy in Relation to Plasma C-Reactive Protein Concentrations in Pregnant Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 770-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Lea A. Cupul-Uicab ◽  
Walter J. Rogan ◽  
Merete Eggesbo ◽  
Gregory Travlos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Recreational Exercise ◽  
Vigorous Intensity

Background:Pregnant women who are physically active have a lower risk of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes than women who are less active. One possible mechanism is a reduction in low-grade inflammation, as measured by plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP). The association between exercise and CRP in pregnant women, however, has not been adequately investigated.Methods:A total of 537 pregnant women, enrolled around the 17th week of gestation in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study in 2003 to 2004, were studied. Self-reported recreational exercise was recalled for both 3 months before pregnancy and early pregnancy. The total energy expenditure from recreational exercise (total recreational exercise, metabolic equivalent of task [MET]-hr/week) was estimated, and low-, moderate- and vigorous-intensity exercise was defined. Plasma CRP concentrations were measured during pregnancy.Results:In adjusted linear regression models, mean CRP concentration was 1.0% lower [95% CI = –1.9% to 0.2%] with each 1 MET-hr/week of total recreational exercise before pregnancy. In addition, vigorous-intensity exercise before pregnancy was more strongly related to a reduction in CRP levels than low- or moderate-intensity exercise. However, we observed no association between recreational exercise during pregnancy and plasma CRP levels.Conclusion:Recreational exercise before pregnancy, especially vigorous exercise, may reduce the risk of maternal inflammation during pregnancy.

O2 uptake kinetics, pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, and muscle deoxygenation in young and older adults during the transition to moderate-intensity exercise

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (2) ◽  
pp. R577-R584 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Gurd ◽  
S. J. Peters ◽  
G. J. F. Heigenhauser ◽  
P. J. LeBlanc ◽  
T. J. Doherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
O2 Uptake Kinetics ◽  
The Relationship

The adaptation of pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇o2p) kinetics is slowed in older compared with young adults during the transition to moderate-intensity exercise. In this study, we examined the relationship between V̇o2p kinetics and mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity in young ( n = 7) and older ( n = 6) adults. Subjects performed cycle exercise to a work rate corresponding to ∼90% of estimated lactate threshold. Phase 2 V̇o2p kinetics were slower ( P < 0.05) in older (τ = 40 ± 17 s) compared with young (τ = 21 ± 6 s) adults. Relative phosphocreatine (PCr) breakdown was greater ( P < 0.05) at 30 s in older compared with young adults. Absolute PCr breakdown at 6 min was greater ( P < 0.05) in older compared with young adults. In young adults, PDH activity increased ( P < 0.05) from baseline to 30 s, with no further change observed at 6 min. In older adults, PDH activity during baseline exercise was similar to that seen in young adults. During the exercise transition, PDH activity did not increase ( P > 0.05) at 30 s of exercise but was elevated ( P < 0.05) after 6 min. The change in deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) was greater for a given V̇o2p in older adults, and there was a similar time course of HHb accompanying the slower V̇o2p kinetics in the older adults, suggesting a slower adaptation of bulk O2 delivery in older adults. In conclusion, the slower adaptation of V̇o2p in older adults is likely a result of both an increased metabolic inertia and lower O2 availability.

Dose–Response and Time Course Effects of Acute Resistance Exercise on Executive Function

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Brush ◽  
Ryan L. Olson ◽  
Peter J. Ehmann ◽  
Steven Osovsky ◽  
Brandon L. Alderman
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Core Executive ◽  
Improved Performance

The purpose of this study was to examine possible dose–response and time course effects of an acute bout of resistance exercise on the core executive functions of inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Twenty-eight participants (14 female; Mage = 20.5 ± 2.1 years) completed a control condition and resistance exercise bouts performed at 40%, 70%, and 100% of their individual 10-repetition maximum. An executive function test battery was administered at 15 min and 180 min postexercise to assess immediate and delayed effects of exercise on executive functioning. At 15 min postexercise, high-intensity exercise resulted in less interference and improved reaction time (RT) for the Stroop task, while at 180 min low- and moderate-intensity exercise resulted in improved performance on plus–minus and Simon tasks, respectively. These findings suggest a limited and task-specific influence of acute resistance exercise on executive function in healthy young adults.

scholarly journals PO-220 HIIT prescription and diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorui Xing ◽  
Sai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetic Mellitus ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Intervention Effect

Objective To clarify the effect of HIIT prescription on diabetic mellitus (DM) and provide reliable exercise advise for DM patients. Method: Through literature  Methods Through literature method to collect studies by key words: HIIT, diabetic mellitus, T1DM , T2DM. And through data analyze method to organize the related studies to make a conclusion. Results As a non-infectious metabolic disease，the incidence of DM is increasingly continuing in recent years. The epidemiological studies show that the global incidence of DM in the population aged 20-79 was 8.8% in 2015, and the total number reached 415 million. It is predicted that by 2040, the number of DM patients in this age group will reach 642 million with the prevalence rate rose to 10.4%. Insulin secretion and insulin signal transduction disorders are the main mechanisms of the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) respectively. The inducers of DM are complex, such as obesity, inactivity, insomnia and heredity. The current interventions for DM are mainly drugs, diet, exercise, self-monitoring and education. Among them, exercise is accepted by the majority of diabetic patients because of its economic, fewer side effects and obvious effects. The occurrence of T1DM is closely related to heredity with the majority of adolescence patients. Due to insufficient insulin secretion, the clinical treatment of T2DM is mainly exogenous insulin injections. However, long-term insulin injections on the one hand leads to a continuous decline in the effect of insulin action, and are also a painful process for T1DM patients. Regular exercise can increase insulin sensitivity, decrease insulin resistance, promote the glucose uptake of skeletal muscle and regulate the blood glucose. However, the occurrence of exercise hypoglycemia makes it difficult for T1DM patients to insist exercise. The mechanism for the occurrence of exercise hypoglycemia is not clear, but studies show that it may related to insulin regulation change, counter-regulatory response decline and energy substrate metabolism disorder. Studies have shown that high intensity interval training (HIIT) prescription can avoid the occurrence of exercise-induced hypoglycemia caused by long-term moderate-intensity exercise to a certain extent. Therefore, the relationship between HIIT exercise and T1DM patients requires more research to prove. The occurrence of T2DM is accompanied by obesity. Obesity leads to the development of insulin resistance. A large number of studies have confirmed that exercise has a good intervention effect on obesity and T2DM. Compared with the traditional moderate intensity continuous training (MICT), HIIT has a better effect on reducing abdominal fat in the obesity. T2DM is often accompanied by many complications, such as diabetes cognitive dysfunction, diabetic Cardiomyopathy, diabetic liver disease and so on. The intervention effect of the HIIT prescription on these complications has also been confirmed by numerous studies. Conclusions As a non-pharmaceutical treatment of diabetes, exercise has obvious effects on diabetes intervention. The HIIT has gradually become one of the exercise intervention prescription because of its short time-consuming and obvious effects. However, the HIIT exercise prescription for DM patients of different ages, types, and complications remains to be further clarified.  

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