scholarly journals Multi-Partite Structure of Demand-Supply Network Element

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Fekete ◽  
G Kallós ◽  
T Hartványi
Keyword(s):  
Network Topology ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Network Element ◽  
Characteristic Structure ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Analytical Approaches

In our recent article we investigate the utilization possibilities of usual time related, demand and supply data sets of an organization. We also create some others from those time related data sets, thanks to what we have the full set of links’ and nodes’ data for further analyses. We also evaluate some usual network analytical approaches to determine the characteristic structure of demand-supply network element (i.e. organization), the relevant network topology and sensitive to failure network skeleton.

Novel Visualization of Large Health Related Data Sets

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Hammond ◽  
Vivian L. West ◽  
David Borland ◽  
Igor Akushevich ◽  
Eugenia M. Heinz
Keyword(s):  
Data Sets ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Health Related

Reply to “Comment on ‘Which Earthquake Accounts Matter?’ by Susan E. Hough and Stacey S. Martin” by David J. Wald

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Hough ◽  
Stacey S. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Macroseismic Data ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Science Projects ◽  
Community Science ◽  
The U.S

Abstract We thank David Wald (Wald, 2021; henceforth, W21) for his interest in our recent article (Hough and Martin, 2021; henceforth, HM21). Although different perspectives are vital in science, we are concerned that W21 misrepresents HM21 as an oblique criticism of the U.S. Geological Survey “Did You Feel It?” (DYFI) system, calling for HM21 to be retracted. Readers who are interested in the issues raised by HM21 and the statements made by us therein are referred to that article. In this brief reply, we respond to specific accusations made by W21 and return to the focus of HM21, calling attention to the extent to which macroseismic data sets and inferences drawn from them can be shaped by a lack of representation among individuals whose observations are available to science. HM21 never questioned the benefits of the community science DYFI project to science. HM21 noted, however, and we reiterate here, that community science also potentially benefits the community. Whether or not it matters for science, if participation in community science projects is unrepresentative across socioeconomic groups, it underscores the need for the scientific community to be proactive in its efforts to reach out to groups that have been underserved by current outreach and education programs. We appreciate this opportunity to continue the important conversation about representation.

scholarly journals Investigating uncertainties in global gridded datasets of climate extremes

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2171-2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. H. Dunn ◽  
M. G. Donat ◽  
L. V. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Spatially Correlated ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Surface Time ◽  
Station Density

Abstract. We assess the effects of different methodological choices made during the construction of gridded data sets of climate extremes, focusing primarily on HadEX2. Using global land-surface time series of the indices and their coverage, as well as uncertainty maps, we show that the choices which have the greatest effect are those relating to the station network used or that drastically change the values for individual grid boxes. The latter are most affected by the number of stations required in or around a grid box and the gridding method used. Most parametric changes have a small impact, on global and on grid box scales, whereas structural changes to the methods or input station networks may have large effects. On grid box scales, trends in temperature indices are very robust to most choices, especially in areas which have high station density (e.g. North America, Europe and Asia). The precipitation indices, being less spatially correlated, can be more susceptible to methodological choices, but coherent changes are still clear in regions of high station density. Regional trends from all indices derived from areas with few stations should be treated with care. On a global scale, the linear trends over 1951–2010 from almost all choices fall within the 5–95th percentile range of trends from HadEX2. This demonstrates the robust nature of HadEX2 and related data sets to choices in the creation method.

scholarly journals Cyber Security Tool Kit (CyberSecTK): A Python Library for Machine Learning and Cyber Security

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Ricardo A. Calix ◽  
Sumendra B. Singh ◽  
Tingyu Chen ◽  
Dingkai Zhang ◽  
Michael Tu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Program Modules

The cyber security toolkit, CyberSecTK, is a simple Python library for preprocessing and feature extraction of cyber-security-related data. As the digital universe expands, more and more data need to be processed using automated approaches. In recent years, cyber security professionals have seen opportunities to use machine learning approaches to help process and analyze their data. The challenge is that cyber security experts do not have necessary trainings to apply machine learning to their problems. The goal of this library is to help bridge this gap. In particular, we propose the development of a toolkit in Python that can process the most common types of cyber security data. This will help cyber experts to implement a basic machine learning pipeline from beginning to end. This proposed research work is our first attempt to achieve this goal. The proposed toolkit is a suite of program modules, data sets, and tutorials supporting research and teaching in cyber security and defense. An example of use cases is presented and discussed. Survey results of students using some of the modules in the library are also presented.

scholarly journals COLLABORATIVE LEARNING BY BOOSTING IN DISTRIBUTED ENVIRONMENTS

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (05) ◽  
pp. 763-789
Author(s):  
SHIJUN WANG ◽  
CHANGSHUI ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Network Topology ◽  
Distributed Learning ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Distributed Applications ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Algorithm Comparison ◽  
Training Error

In human society, people learn from each other and knowledge is accumulated from generation to generation. This provides some hints to distributed learning. For distributed applications, each site has its own data. If we can build a local model for each site and improve the model based on models learned by its neighbor sites with low communication cost, then it would be very helpful to the distributed applications. In this paper, we propose a new distributed learning method called distributed network boosting (DNB) algorithm for distributed applications. The learned hypotheses are exchanged between neighboring sites during learning process. Theoretical analysis shows that the DNB algorithm minimizes the cost function through collaborative functional gradient descent in hypotheses space. We also give upper bounds of training error and generalization error of the DNB algorithm. Comparison results of the DNB algorithm with other algorithms on real data sets with different sizes show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for distributed applications. In order to show the influence of network topology on the performance of the DNB algorithm, we tested it on random graphs and scale-free networks. Bias-variance decomposition shows that the network topology plays an important role in controlling the diversity of the learned classifier ensemble.

scholarly journals How to find a metapopulationThis review is one of a series dealing with some aspects of the impact of habitat fragmentation on animals and plants. This series is one of several virtual symposia focussing on ecological topics that will be published in the Journal from time to time.

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. 1031-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Metapopulation Dynamics ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fragmented Landscapes ◽  
Metapopulation Theory ◽  
Metapopulation Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Where habitat loss and fragmentation is severe, many native species are likely to have reduced levels of dispersal between remnant populations. For those species to avoid regional extinction in fragmented landscapes, they must undergo some kind of metapopulation dynamics so that local extinctions are countered by recolonisation. The importance of spatial dynamics for regional survival means that research into metapopulation dynamics is essential. In this review I explore the approaches taken to examine metapopulation dynamics, highlight the analytical methods used to get the most information out of field data, and discover some of the major research gaps. Statistical models, including Hanski’s incidence function model (IFM) are frequently applied to presence–absence data, an approach that is often strengthened using long-term data sets that document extinctions and colonisations. Recent developments are making the IFM more biologically realistic and expanding the range of situations for which the model is relevant. Although accurate predictions using the IFM seem unlikely, it may be useful for ranking management decisions. A key weakness of presence–absence modelling is that the mechanisms underlying spatial dynamics remain inferential, so combining modelling approaches with detailed demographic research is warranted. For species where very large data sets cannot be obtained to facilitate statistical modelling, a demographic approach alone or with stochastic modelling may be the only viable research angle to take. Dispersal is a central process in metapopulation dynamics. Research combining mark–recapture or telemetry methods with model-selection procedures demonstrate that dispersal is frequently oversimplified in conceptual and statistical metapopulation models. Dispersal models like the island model that underlies classic metapopulation theory do not approximate the behaviour of real species in fragmented landscapes. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain if additional biological realism will improve predictions of statistical metapopulation models. Genetic methods can give better estimates of dispersal than direct methods and take less effort, so they should be routinely explored alongside direct ecological methods. Recent development of metacommunity theory (communities connected by dispersal) emphasises a range of mechanisms that complement metapopulation theory. Taking both theories into account will enhance interpretation of field data. The extent of metapopulation dynamics in human modified landscapes remains uncertain, but we have a powerful array of field and analytical approaches for reducing this knowledge gap. The most informative way forward requires that many species are studied in the same fragmented landscape by applying a selection of approaches that reveal complementary aspects of spatial dynamics.

Relative Demand and Supply of Skills and Wage Rigidity in the United States, Britain, and Western Germany

2008 ◽  
Vol 228 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Puhani
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Relative Wage ◽  
Wage Rigidity ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Relative Demand ◽  
The Us ◽  
Wage Compression

SummaryI extend a two-skill group model by Katz and Murphy (1992) to estimate relative demand and supply for skills as well as wage rigidity in Germany. Using three data sets for Germany, two for Britain and one for the United States, I simulate the change in relative wage rigidity (wage compression) in all three countries during the early and mid 1990s, this being the period when unemployment increased in Germany but fell in Britain and the US. I show that in this period, Germany experienced wage compression (relative wage rigidity), whereas Britain and the US experienced wage decompression. This evidence is consistent with the Krugman (1994) hypothesis.

Study on Optimization of Water Supply Network Topology

2014 ◽  
Vol 918 ◽  
pp. 264-267
Author(s):  
Wei Zhuo Wang ◽  
Ting Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Dijkstra’S Algorithm ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Water Supply Network ◽  
Dijkstra's Algorithm

optimization design of Water supply network is based on alignment. This research is done by analysis of cost per water quantity of cubic meter for supplying, and takes expenses as weights of pipe calculation.Alignment is designed according to dijkstra's algorithm , and the scheme which cost least is chosen at this section, so it can get the optimization quickly.

Population Change and Migration in Britain since 1981: Evidence for Continuing Deconcentration

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1501-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
A G Champion
Keyword(s):  
Population Change ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Annual Population ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Small Area Statistics ◽  
Market Areas ◽  
And Migration

The counterurbanisation decade of the 1970s appears to have been followed by a period of more mixed trends in migration between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. This author examines the experience of Great Britain against the background of developments reported for other countries. The British Census small-area statistics are used to calculate 1981–91 rates of population change for a typology of local labour-market areas in order to test for the existence of population deconcentration, and the results are compared with the rates for the three previous intercensal decades. Annual population estimates are then used to examine the migration component of 1981–91 population change and to investigate the extent and timing of fluctuations in growth rates since the early 1960s. The results indicate that the differentials in the population growth rate between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan Britain narrowed somewhat between the 1970s and the 1980s, but the negative relationship between urban status and population change remained very clear. Moreover, contrary to the experience of the USA and a number of European countries, in the mid-1980s Britain saw a resurgence of nonmetropolitan growth which had widespread impact across the country. These results raise questions which can in part be addressed by in-depth research on the 1991 Census and related data sets.

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