scholarly journals Researcher’s and doctor’s tools: the boundaries of achievable results and the impact on the study findings. Proceedings of the XIV Vein Conference round table held on February 10th , 2018 (to the 120th anniversary of P.K. Anokhin)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Kubryak ◽  
Nadezhda G. Bagdasaryan ◽  
Oleg S. Glazachev ◽  
Marina P. Korol ◽  
Elena V. Kulyabina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
120Th Anniversary

The 14th Vein Conference included a round table devoted to the problem of the boundaries of achievable results in medical research. Health professionals, physiologists, metrologists, philosophers and social scientists were invited to participate in the conference.  The discussion revealed that the problem of the limitation of scientific tools is true not only for medicine but for any scientific knowledge. The paper outlines the main ideas presented by the round table participants. These ideas can be interesting and useful both to medical scientists and researchers working in other fields such as social sciences or philosophy.

scholarly journals HOW TO PUBLISH: FROM START TO FINISH AND BEYOND

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S223-S223
Author(s):  
Laura P Sands
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Open Access Journal ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Gerontological Society ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Gerontological Research ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This symposium, organized by the Gerontological Society of America’s (GSA) Publications Committee, will provide information on the publication process from the perspective of several editors of GSA’s scientific journals that publish diverse types of gerontological research, basic to applied across multiple disciplines. This session is comprised of three parts including: 1) Podium presentations from editors-in-chief from GSA’s The Gerontologist, Innovation in Aging (GSA’s new open access journal), and Journal of Gerontology-Series B, Social Sciences. Editors will describe how to prepare your manuscript for submission, choose the right journal, and revise the manuscript for resubmission; 2) A presentation about how to assess and maximize the impact of published work given by a representative from Oxford University Press (OUP); and 3) Round table discussions with editors from the Journals of Gerontology-Series A (Medical Sciences) and B (Psychological and Social Sciences), The Gerontologist, and Innovation in Aging and OUP representatives. Editors will answer questions related to the podium presentations and other questions specific to each journal. Intended audiences include emerging and international scholars, and authors interested in learning more about best practices and tips for getting their scholarly work published. Current and future published authors will also gain information about how to leverage already published work.

scholarly journals The Polish Round Table as a blueprint for “successful” social change? Some thoughts on “liberal hindsight” in the social sciences

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kende ◽  
Martijn van Zomeren
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Evaluation ◽  
Definition Of Success ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Types Of Change

The Polish Round Table offers a rare historical example where negotiations between representatives of opposing political sides achieved major political transformation in a peaceful way. Such an outcome should undoubtedly be labeled a success. However, in our commentary, taking the example of the Polish Round Table, we take a critical look at the interpretation of success of social movements by social scientists. In line with the ethos of social sciences, social scientists value (harmoniously achieved) progressive types of change, such as the change that followed the negotiations of the Polish Round Table. Indeed, when it comes to the Round Table, our definition of success may be blurred by the political evaluation of the changes of 1989 from a liberal perspective. The target articles point out the importance of specific structural conditions (both internal and international) and psychological processes (perceptions of power, efficacy and moral commitment) that led to the successful outcome. We therefore argue that it is pivotal to delineate the conditions of success, if we want to apply them to other contexts without bias. Neither hindsight, nor liberal bias are problematic per se, but they can evoke a form of wishful thinking that, as scientists, we may want to treat with some skepticism.

scholarly journals Self-care: Concept, Rationale, and Framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Saroj Pachauri ◽  
Ash Pachauri ◽  
Komal Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Service Systems ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Curative Care ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Technology Focus ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe role and importance of self-care in the continuum of health care are becoming important subjects of debate among social scientists and health professionals. Interest in the self-care component of health services is stimulated by the convergence of diverse pressures common to health services systems. Depersonalized medical care, rising costs of high technology, focus on curative care, growth of lay knowledge, recognition of the limits of medical care, and documentation of the impact of the individual’s health behavior on patterns of morbidity are all factors stimulating new thinking regarding the importance of individuals and families to the effective and efficient functioning of health service systems.

WOMEN‘S STUDIES IN SOCIOLOGY: A PERFUMED GHETTO?

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Women's Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Women’S Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

One of the fields of sociology which is experiencing a dramatic explosion is that catch‐all area of Women's Studies. Books and articles touching on women's experiences in the labour market or in the home, the education of girls or images of femininity, the impact of the law on women or sexism in the social sciences have been proliferating in the last decade. Much of the impetus has been provided by the renascent Women's Movement, and the various academic concerns echo the diverse attacks on the status quo being made by politically active women. The one thing which holds all this material together is an explicit concern to bring women to the centre of the stage in the social sciences, instead of leaving them (as they so often have been) in the wings or with mere walk‐on parts. Taking the woman's point of view is seen as a legitimate corrective to the tendency to ignore women altogether. But is this sufficient to constitute the nucleus of a new speciality within sociology, which is what seems to be happening to ‘Women's Studies’ and ‘feminist’ social science? More seriously, should sociological discussions of women be ghettoised into special courses on women in society? As a preliminary attempt to redress the balance maybe such separate development can be justified, but if that is all that happens, the enriching potential of feminist social science may well be lost to mainstream sociology. It is not just that feminist social scientists want women to be brought in to complete the picture. It is not just that they claim that half the picture is being left unexposed. The claims are often much more ambitious than that: what much feminist writing is attempting is a demonstration of the distortion in the half image which is exposed. An injection of feminist thinking into practically any sociological speciality could lead to a profound re‐orientation of that field. More than this, a feminist approach can indicate the ways in which traditional boundaries between sociological specialities can obscure women and their special position in society. Feminist social scientists throw down the gauntlet on the way in which the field of sociology has traditionally been carved up. But if women's studies are kept in their ghetto, this challenge will be lost: to me, the explicitly critical stance which feminist research takes with respect to mainstream sociology is one of its most exciting qualities, and such research has important insights to contribute to the development of the discipline.

scholarly journals Integrating the social sciences in epidemic preparedness and response: A strategic framework to strengthen capacities and improve Global Health security

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Louis Bardosh ◽  
Daniel H. de Vries ◽  
Sharon Abramowitz ◽  
Adama Thorlie ◽  
Lianne Cremers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Strategic Framework ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The importance of integrating the social sciences in epidemic preparedness and response has become a common feature of infectious disease policy and practice debates. However to date, this integration remains inadequate, fragmented and under-funded, with limited reach and small initial investments. Based on data collected prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, in this paper we analysed the variety of knowledge, infrastructure and funding gaps that hinder the full integration of the social sciences in epidemics and present a strategic framework for addressing them. Methods Senior social scientists with expertise in public health emergencies facilitated expert deliberations, and conducted 75 key informant interviews, a consultation with 20 expert social scientists from Africa, Asia and Europe, 2 focus groups and a literature review of 128 identified high-priority peer reviewed articles. We also analysed 56 interviews from the Ebola 100 project, collected just after the West African Ebola epidemic. Analysis was conducted on gaps and recommendations. These were inductively classified according to various themes during two group prioritization exercises. The project was conducted between February and May 2019. Findings from the report were used to inform strategic prioritization of global investments in social science capacities for health emergencies. Findings Our analysis consolidated 12 knowledge and infrastructure gaps and 38 recommendations from an initial list of 600 gaps and 220 recommendations. In developing our framework, we clustered these into three areas: 1) Recommendations to improve core social science response capacities, including investments in: human resources within response agencies; the creation of social science data analysis capacities at field and global level; mechanisms for operationalizing knowledge; and a set of rapid deployment infrastructures; 2) Recommendations to strengthen applied and basic social sciences, including the need to: better define the social science agenda and core competencies; support innovative interdisciplinary science; make concerted investments in developing field ready tools and building the evidence-base; and develop codes of conduct; and 3) Recommendations for a supportive social science ecosystem, including: the essential foundational investments in institutional development; training and capacity building; awareness-raising activities with allied disciplines; and lastly, support for a community of practice. Interpretation Comprehensively integrating social science into the epidemic preparedness and response architecture demands multifaceted investments on par with allied disciplines, such as epidemiology and virology. Building core capacities and competencies should occur at multiple levels, grounded in country-led capacity building. Social science should not be a parallel system, nor should it be “siloed” into risk communication and community engagement. Rather, it should be integrated across existing systems and networks, and deploy interdisciplinary knowledge “transversally” across all preparedness and response sectors and pillars. Future work should update this framework to account for the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the institutional landscape.

scholarly journals Sociology on the move: The demand for the humanistic digital turn

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-405
Author(s):  
S. A. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Formal Rationality ◽  
Smart Technologies ◽  
The Impact

Digitalization of society has ambivalent consequences: there are new benefits (‘smart’ technologies, artificial intellect, multiple knowledge), but at the same time digital risks and metamorphoses that traumatize the behavior and thinking of people, alienate them from social ties and life-worlds. These processes have become a challenge for sociology and other social sciences that strive to develop new approaches, among which the digital and humanistic turns are the most relevant. The author aims at (a) analyzing the impact of digitalization on the production of metamorphoses and side effects on society and man, which are related to new complex risks and manifest challenges to sociology; (b) developing the contours of the conception of ‘the digital turn in sociology’ and identifying its essence in comparison with other, previous turns in sociology - linguistic, risk, cultural, etc.; (c) proposing the means that allow to overcome or minimize the side effects of the existing type of digitalization - the author argues for the demand to move sociology in the direction of the integral use of the instruments of the digital and humanistic turns. The article considers new challenges to mankind and scientific knowledge as determined not so much by the very process of digitalization, but by its existing type based on principles of formal rationality, pragmatism, and mercantilism neglecting, in fact, life-worlds of people. This type of digitalization is not ‘universal’ and can be changed by an alternative humanistic trend of digitalization. In order to begin establishing the humanistic trend of digitalization scientists should integrate the theoretical instruments of the proposed digital turn with other interdisciplinary turns and especially with the humanistic turn.

scholarly journals “Archival Funds of Personal Origin and Historical Memory”: Results of the Round Table for the 120th Anniversary of N. N. Gorban (1899-1973)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1 (25)) ◽  
pp. 250-254
Author(s):  
Dmitriy I. Petin
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
120Th Anniversary

The publication is an overview of the work of the round table “Archival funds of personal origin and historical memory”, held December 12, 2019 in the Historical Archive of Omsk Region. The course of the event and the main content of the reports presented are highlighted. The conclusion summarizes the main ideas voiced during the scientific discussion.

The Life and Deeds of Sergey Ivanovich Ozhegov. (To the 120th Anniversary of the Birth)

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
M. A. Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Practical Activity ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
120Th Anniversary

The article is dedicated to the outstanding Russian lexicographer Sergey Ivanovich Ozhegov, the creator of the famous one-volume normative «Dictionary of the Russian Language». The article reflects the life of the scholar; describes his personality; presents his work with the team of D. N. Ushakov on the preparation of the «Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language»; considers the main ideas of the scholar, which formed the basis of the «Small Explanatory Dictionary»; characterizes his practical activity in solving the problems of norm codification of the Russian literary language.

Objectivity of Scientific Research as an Ethical and Political Position (Book Review: P.P. Tolochko. Ukraine between Russia and the West: Historical and Nonfiction Essays. Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 144-153
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Zapesotsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The West ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Humanities And Social Sciences ◽  
Nonfiction Essays ◽  
The Impact

Book Review: P.P. Tolochko. Ukraine between Russia and the West: Historical and Nonfiction Essays. Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2018. - 592 pp. ISBN 978-5-7621-0973-4This author discusses the problem of scientific objectivity and reviews a book written by the medievalist-historian P.P. Tolochko, full member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), honorable director of the NASU Institute of Archaeology. The book was published by the Saint Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences in the autumn of 2018. The book presents a collection of articles and reports devoted to processes in Ukraine and, first of all, in Ukrainian historical science, which, at the moment, is experiencing an era of serious reformation of its interpretative models. The author of the book shows that these models are being reformed to suit the requirements of the new ideology, with an obvious disregard for the conduct of objective scientific research. In this regard, the problem of objectivity of scientific research becomes the subject of this review because the requirement of objectivity can be viewed not only as a methodological requirement but also as a moral and political position, opposing the rigor of scientific research to the impact of ideological, political and moral systems and judgments. It is concluded that in this sense the position of P.P. Tolochko can be considered as the act of profound ethical choice.

What Gives a Diagnostic Label Value? Common Use Over Informativeness

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Hemmatian ◽  
Sze Yu Yu Chan ◽  
Steven A. Sloman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Causal Beliefs ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Diagnostic Labels ◽  
Diagnostic Label ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

A label’s entrenchment, its degree of use by members of a community, affects its perceived explanatory value even if the label provides no substantive information (Hemmatian & Sloman, 2018). In three experiments, we show that laypersons and mental health professionals see entrenched psychiatric and non-psychiatric diagnostic labels as better explanations than non-entrenched labels even if they are circular. Using scenarios involving experts who discuss unfamiliar diagnostic categories, we show that this preference is not due to violations of conversational norms, lack of reflectiveness or attentiveness, and the characters’ familiarity or unfamiliarity with the label. In Experiment 1, whether a label provided novel symptom information or not had no impact on lay responses, while its entrenchment enhanced ratings of explanation quality. The effect persisted in Experiment 2 for causally incoherent categories and regardless of direct provision of mechanistic information. The effect of entrenchment was partly related to induced causal beliefs about the category, even when participants were informed there is no causal relation. Most participants in both experiments did not report any effect of entrenchment and the effect was present for those who did not. In Experiment 3, mental health professionals showed the effect using diagnoses that were mere shorthands for symptoms, despite a tendency to rate all explanations as unsatisfactory. The data suggest that bringing experts’ attention to the manipulation eliminates the effect. We discuss practical implications for mental health disciplines and potential ways to mitigate the impact of entrenchment.

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