scholarly journals Identification of the type of paint, acrylic or vinyl, in works of two contemporary painters, Manuel Vilarinho and Pedro Cabrita Reis, by ATR-FTIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Maria Eduarda Araújo ◽  
Oleksander Pavlyshyn ◽  
Alice Nogueira Alves
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Spectroscopic Technique ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
First Case ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Acrylic Paints ◽  
Contemporary Artists

Many times, records of the materials used by contemporary artists in their first works are scarce. If the work under study has been carried out during the artist youth, sometimes artists just remember to have used synthetic materials but no longer have memory of its specific type. In the last decades of the 20th century, vinyl-based synthetic paints marketed as Sabu paints, were sold at affordable prices making them popular among the students of Fine Arts as substitutes of more expensive acrylic paints. Using the ATR-FTIR spectroscopic technique it was possible to unequivocally distinguish acrylic from vinyl paints in two early works from Manuel Vilarinho and Pedro Cabrita Reis, both belonging to the collection of the Faculdade de Belas-Artes da Universidade de Lisboa. Samples from the first case painting presented the characteristic peaks of acrylic paints while those collected from the second case paint presented the characteristic peaks of Sabu paints.

From the history of manufacturing Romanian nai at the turn of 20–21 centuries

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
A. Drutsé
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Music Theater ◽  
Technical Improvement ◽  
Performance Skills ◽  
Doctoral Candidate ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance

The modern world popularity of the nai — a traditional Romanian instrument — has identified interest in writing this article. This problematic constitutes the circle of our research interest as a doctoral candidate, but also as a concert performer, a graduate of the Academy of Music, Theater and Fine Arts. One of the most interesting aspects of the study of nai is its technical improvement since 60s of the 20th century, which led to the acquisition of a number of new, innovative skills and performance skills. In this article we have identified some pages of the modern history of the manufacture of this ancient instrument associated with these processes.

scholarly journals Scenery painting in the 19th century in the context of tempera painting on canvas: methodology and materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Sonia Santos Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Painting On Canvas ◽  
Modern Industry

Tempera painting on canvas has played multiple functions throughout the history of painting. They were used to cover altars in Lent, to make canopies and ceilings for beds, to act as organ doors, etc. In the 19th century and in the earlier 20th century, they were used as adornment on walls of palaces and theatres, as well as sceneries in the latter ones. Generally, this kind of tempera painting shows large proportions, which demanded a specific methodology of execution. Treatises of the epoch display how the painter, provided with paintbrushes of long handles, as brooms, walked on the canvases while the execution lasted. At that time, pigments derived from the activity of modern industry were already in use, in combination with other materials traditionally used in the previous centuries. This article presents the working methodology and materials used in tempera painting on canvas, mainly during the 19th century, providing a knowledge base for this subject.

scholarly journals Bitkilerde Bulunan Fitokimyasalların Biyolojik Aktiviteleri

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1734-1746
Author(s):  
Tuğba Demir ◽  
Özlem Akpınar
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Antihypertensive Properties

Bioactive compounds, called phytochemicals, are produced as secondary metabolites in plants that have beneficial effects on health when they are consumed as nutrients. Phytochemicals have an effective role in the formation of the color, smell and taste of the plants. As an alternative to the synthetic materials used in the treatment of many chronic diseases, the interest in the use of plants phytochemicals have been increased. This trend has led to the development of a new market. This review includes biological activities of plant phytochemicals including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anticancer and antihypertensive properties.

scholarly journals New Perspectives in the Use of Biomaterials for Periodontal Regeneration

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Ausenda ◽  
Giulio Rasperini ◽  
Raffaele Acunzo ◽  
Angelina Gorbunkova ◽  
Giorgio Pagni
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Barrier Membranes ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Materials Used

Periodontitis is a disease with a high prevalence among adults. If not treated, it can lead to loss of teeth. Periodontal therapy aims at maintaining patient’s teeth through infection control and correction of non-maintainable anatomies including—when possible—regeneration of lost periodontal tissues. The biological regenerative potential of the periodontium is high, and several biomaterials can be utilized to improve the outcome of periodontal therapy. Use of different natural and synthetic materials in the periodontal field has been studied for many years. The main materials used today in periodontology analyzed in this review are: Resorbable and non-resorbable barrier membranes; autogenous, allogeneic, xenogeneic, and alloplastic bone substitutes; biological agents, such as amelogenins; platelet-derived growth factor; bone morphogenic proteins; rh fibroblast growth factor 2; teriparatide hormone; platelet concentrates; and 3D scaffolds. With the development of new surgical techniques some concepts on periodontal regeneration that were strictly applied in the past seem to be not so critical today. This can have an impact on the materials that are needed when attempting to regenerate lost periodontal structures. This review aims at presenting a rationale behind the use of biomaterials in modern periodontal regeneration

scholarly journals Analysis of Mandibular Test Specimens Used to Assess a Bone Fixation System

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
LeandroStocco Baccarin ◽  
Renato Correa Viana Casarin ◽  
JorgeVicente Lopes-da-Silva ◽  
LuisAugusto Passeri
Keyword(s):  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Fixation Method ◽  
Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy ◽  
Biomechanical Behavior ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Group A ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Group B

The aim of this study was to assess through biomechanical testing if different synthetic materials used to fabricate test specimens have a different biomechanical behavior in comparison with other materials when simulating in vitro load resistance of a fixation method established for sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO). Thirty synthetic and standardized human hemimandible replicas with SSRO were divided into three groups of 10 samples each. Group A—ABS plastic; Group B—polyamide; and Group C—polyurethane. These were fixated with three bicortical position screws (16 mm in length, 2.0-mm system) in an inverted L pattern using perforation guide and 5-mm advancement. Each sample was submitted to linear vertical load, and load strength values were recorded at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 mm of displacement. The means and standard deviation were compared using the analysis of variance ( p < 0.05) and the Tukey test. A tendency for lower values was observed in Group B in comparison with Groups A and C. At 3 and 5 mm of displacement, a difference between Groups A and C was found in comparison with Group B ( p < 0.05). At 7 and 10 mm of displacement, a difference was found among the three groups, in which Group C showed the highest values and Group B the lowest ( p < 0.05). Taking into consideration the results obtained and the behavior of each material used as a substrate, significant differences occurred among the materials when compared among them.

How Classical is Ariadne's Parrot? Southall's Painting and Its Literary Registers

Ramus ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-72
Author(s):  
Paula James
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Literary Representations ◽  
Art Gallery

In this article I suggest ways in which a gorgeously crafted, colourful, compelling 20th century painting of an abandoned Ariadne highlights both her tragic and comic presence in classical literary representations. Joseph South-all's 1925-6 work Ariadne in Naxos (tempera on linen, 83.5 × 101.6 cm), reproduced below, can be viewed in all its glory in the Birmingham City Art Gallery (bequeathed by the artist's widow, Anne Elizabeth, in 1948) but it was featured to fine effect in the 2007 exhibition The Parrot in Art: From Dürer to Elizabeth Butterworth, Barber Institute of Fine Arts, University of Birmingham. It was in this psittacine (psittaceous?) context that I first encountered Ariadne's parrot so the bird perhaps loomed larger in the painting than it might as a stand-alone Southall on its home ground in the Gallery.

Analytical Calculation of Resistance to Burst of Single Jersey Underlying Two Synthetic Materials Used in Furniture Industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
Bianca Cristina Lengyel ◽  
Anghel Cernescu ◽  
Cristian Sorin Nes
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Analytic Study ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
Synthetic Leather ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Single Jersey

Synthetic leather materials, that have single jersey in their structures, are widely used both for the seat covers of cars and in the case of seats for furniture used in everyday life. To develop constructive and ingenious solutions that increase the durability of these materials in time, it is necessary to know all the requests that these materials have fulfil. In this paper we proposed an analytic study of two synthetic leather materials in terms of resistance to burst of the knits underlying their composite structure.

Surface Properties, Efficacy and Biological Responses to Biomaterials

1987 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Lemons
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Porous Titanium ◽  
Bulk Properties ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Surgical Implants ◽  
Tissue Responses ◽  
Device Applications ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Cobalt Base

AbstractBiological responses to synthetic materials used for the construction of surgical implants often determine device longevities. Over the past two decades, individuals from basic and applied disciplines have attempted to better understand the phenomena associated with biomaterial to tissue interfaces and to better control the surface and bulk properties of the synthetic substances for each area of device applications. Surface properties of metals, polymers, ceramics and composites are reviewed and where possible, correlated with tissue responses. Specific examples of solid and porous titanium and cobalt base alloys are presented to demonstrate the importance of surface and bulk properties with respect to biocompatibility.

scholarly journals Comparative study on stiffness properties of WOODCAST and conventional casting materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eija Pirhonen ◽  
Antti Pärssinen ◽  
Mika Pelto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Variable Stiffness ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Plaster Of Paris ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Stiffness Properties ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Cylindrical Samples

Background and Aim: Plaster-of-Paris and synthetic materials (e.g. fibreglass) have been in clinical use as casting materials for decades. An innovative casting material, WOODCAST, brings interesting alternatives to the traditional materials. The aim of this study was to compare the stiffness properties of the WOODCAST material to traditional casting materials. Technique: In immobilization by casting, materials with variable stiffness properties are required. Ring stiffness of cylindrical samples correlates well with cast rigidity. Discussion: For load-bearing structures, the use of the WOODCAST Splint is recommended as equally high stiffness was obtained with the WOODCAST Splint as was with fibreglass. The WOODCAST 2 mm product is optimal for structures where some elasticity is required, and WOODCAST Ribbon can be used in any WOODCAST structure where further reinforcement is needed. The results show that WOODCAST material can be used in replacing traditional casting materials used in extremity immobilization. Clinical relevance The mechanical properties of casting material play an important role in safe and effective fracture immobilization. Stiffness properties of the WOODCAST casting material and conventional materials – fibreglass and plaster-of-Paris – were analysed in this study. The WOODCAST Splint appears to compare favorably with traditional materials such as Scotchcast.

scholarly journals Artistic explorations of Lviv artists of decorative and applied arts in small-scale plastics of the second half of the 20th century: image of a human being

2021 ◽  
Vol IX(258) (47) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
V. Honcharuk
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Art Criticism ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Decorative Arts ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Applied Art ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Characteristic Features

The present article examines the special characteristics of the development of small-scale sculpture as an independent phenomenon in Lviv fine arts of the second half of the 20th century within the framework of the interpretation of a human being image, since the following problem has not been sufficiently studied in Ukrainian art criticism. In particular, the research focuses on the specific features of artistic experiments of the representatives of decorative and applied art in the field of anthropomorphic sculpture; traces characteristic features of conceptual and modelling solutions; identifies artistic and stylistic features and peculiarities of the representation of a human being image. The author stresses upon the role of Lviv Ceramic and Sculpture Factory that largely set trends in the development of small-scale sculpture. In addition, as based on works of famous representatives of Lviv school of decorative arts, the author identifies the variety of interpretations and wide range of modelling means as well as traces the most vivid anthropomorphic designs.

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