Investigating Radioactive Content in Various Commercially available Flour Samples in Local Iraqi Markets

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 06-13
Author(s):  
Abdalsattar Kareem Hashim ◽  
Abbas Rashid Al-Ghanimi ◽  
Sanaa Mohammed Ridha Hasan ◽  
Tamara Ali Naser ◽  
Ahmed Jumaah Mhawes
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Uranium Concentration ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Radium Content

The study was conducted to assess the radioactivity of alpha concentration of different samples of flour in Karbala mills and some samples in local Iraqi markets. Alpha sensitive CR-39 plastic paths detectors commonly know as "Solid State Nuclear paths Detectors" were used measuring the concentrations of uranium, efficaious radium content, and ratio of radon. The results indicate that the exhalation levels of mass and surface radon were between 0.214-0.549 mBq/kg.h, and 4.35 -11.185 mBq/m2.h, respectively, with an mediam of 0.385 mBq/kg.h and 7.691 mBq/m2.h. The effective radium content values range from 28 to 78 mBq/kg with an mediam value of 51.06 mBq/kg, respectively. The concentration of uranium values ranges from 0.334 to 0.858 Bq/kg, with a mean value of 0.602 Bq/kg. The measurements of the radon, radium, and uranium concentration in each sample are significant in terms of health safeguard point of view. Hence, easy, and accurate techniques of analysis are highly demanded.

scholarly journals Organotin(IV) selenate derivatives – Crystal structure of [{(Ph3Sn)2SeO4} ⋅ CH3OH] n

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
Waly Diallo ◽  
Hélène Cattey ◽  
Laurent Plasseraud
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds

Abstract Crystallization of [(Ph3Sn)2SeO4] ⋅ 1.5H2O in methanol leads to the formation of [{(Ph3Sn)2SeO4} ⋅ CH3OH] n (1) which constitutes a new specimen of organotin(IV) selenate derivatives. In the solid state, complex 1 is arranged in polymeric zig-zag chains, composed of alternating Ph3Sn and SeO4 groups. In addition, pendant Ph3Sn ⋅ CH3OH moieties are branched along chains according to a syndiotactic organization and via Sn-O-Se connections. From a supramolecular point of view, intermolecular hydrogen bonds established between the selenate groups (uncoordinated oxygen) and the hydroxyl functions (CH3OH) of the pendant groups link the chains together.

scholarly journals Generalizations of the Lagrange mean value theorem and applications

Filomat ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miodrag Mateljevic ◽  
Marek Svetlik ◽  
Miloljub Albijanic ◽  
Nebojsa Savic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Arbitrary Function ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Neoclassical Economic ◽  
Mean Value Theorem ◽  
Mathematical Point ◽  
Economic Growth Model

In this paper we give a generalization of the Lagrange mean value theorem via lower and upper derivative, as well as appropriate criteria of monotonicity and convexity for arbitrary function f : (a, b) ( R. Some applications to the neoclassical economic growth model are given (from mathematical point of view).

scholarly journals Precursor Phenomena of Barium Titanate Single Crystals Grown Using a Solid-State Single Crystal Growth Method Studied with Inelastic Brillouin Light Scattering and Birefringence Measurements

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Han Oh ◽  
Jae-Hyeon Ko ◽  
Ho-Yong Lee ◽  
Iwona Lazar ◽  
Krystian Roleder
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Barium Titanate ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Crystal Quality ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
Growth Method

The nature of precursor phenomena in the paraelectric phase of ferroelectrics is one of the main questions to be resolved from a fundamental point of view. Barium titanate (BaTiO3) is one of the most representative perovskite-structured ferroelectrics intensively studied until now. The pretransitional behavior of BaTiO3 single crystal grown using a solid-state crystal growth (SSCG) method was investigated for the first time and compared to previous results. There is no melting process in the SSCG method, thus the crystal grown using a SSCG method have inherent higher levels of impurity and defect concentrations, which is a good candidate for investigating the effect of crystal quality on the precursor phenomena. The acoustic, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties, as well as birefringence, of the SSCG-grown BaTiO3 were examined over a wide temperature range. Especially, the acoustic phonon behavior was investigated in terms of Brillouin spectroscopy, which is a complementary technique to Raman spectroscopy. The obtained precursor anomalies of the SSCG-grown BaTiO3 in the cubic phase were similar to those of other single crystals, in particular, of high-quality single crystal grown by top-seeded solution growth method. These results clearly indicate that the observed precursor phenomena are common and intrinsic effect irrespective of the crystal quality.

Conception and numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer in a solid state hydrogen storage reactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 20902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amine Alaoui-Belghiti ◽  
Mourad Rkhis ◽  
Said Laasri ◽  
Abdelowahed Hajjaji ◽  
Mohamed Eljouad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Physical Phenomenon ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Momentum Balance ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Supply ◽  
Hydrogen Storage Performance ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays energy storage seems to be a vital point in any new energy paradigm. It has become an important and strategic issue, to ensure the energetic sufficiency of humanity. Indeed, hydrogen storage in solids has been proved and revealed as clean and efficient energy storage. Moreover, it can be thought as a seriously considered solution to enable renewable energy to be a part of our quotidian life. To achieve storing hydrogen in solid form, the present study aimed to concepts and simulates a solid-state hydrogen storage reactor (tank). An investigation of the parameters influencing the hydrogen storage performance is carried out. Meanwhile, to understand the physical phenomenon taking place during the storage of hydrogen, a 2D numerical modelling for a metal hydrides-based in hydrogen reactor is presented. A strong coupling between energy balance, kinetic law, as well as a mass momentum balance at sorbent bed temperature under a non-uniform pressure was resolved based on finite element method. The temporal evolutions of pressure, the raising temperature in the bed during the hydriding process as well as the impact of the hydrogen supply pressure within the tank are analysed and validated by comparison with the experimental work in literature, a good agreement is obtained. From an industrial point of view, this study can be used to design and manufacture an optimal solid-state hydrogen storage reactor.

MEASUREMENT OF RADON SOIL GAS IN AND AROUND BHARATHINAGARA, MANDYA DISTRICT

2019 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
T S Shashikumar ◽  
S Revanna ◽  
M N Ramachandra ◽  
G V Ashok ◽  
C Ningappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Soil Gas ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
The World

Abstract Radon activity concentration in soil gas has been studied in and around Bharathinagara, Mandya district (12° 13|| N and 77° 20|| E) using Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors with Twin cup dosimeter. The activity concentration of 222Rn in soil gas was studied at two depths. Radon in soil gas was found to increase with depth and decrease with increase in moisture content of the soil. Radon in soil gas was found to be higher in winter season which varies from 0.22 ± 0.01 to 1.31 ± 0.01 kBq/m3 with a Geometric mean value of 0.56 ± 0.01 kBq/m3 in 1 m depth and lower radon soil gas was found to be 0.16 ± 0.01 to 0.60 ± 0.01 kBq/m3 with a Geometric mean value of 0.30 ± 0.01 kBq/m3 in 0.5 m depth during summer season. The activity concentrations of radon soil gas from in and around Bharathinagara are lower compared to those in other parts of the world.

Synchronous Firing and Higher-Order Interactions in Neuron Pool

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun-ichi Amari ◽  
Hiroyuki Nakahara ◽  
Si Wu ◽  
Yutaka Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
Pairwise Interactions ◽  
Synchronous Firing ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Neuron Pool

The stochastic mechanism of synchronous firing in a population of neurons is studied from the point of view of information geometry. Higher-order interactions of neurons, which cannot be reduced to pairwise correlations, are proved to exist in synchronous firing. In a neuron pool where each neuron fires stochastically, the probability distribution q(r) of the activity r, which is the fraction of firing neurons in the pool, is studied. When q(r) has a widespread distribution, in particular, when q(r) has two peaks, the neurons fire synchronously at one time and are quiescent at other times. The mechanism of generating such a probability distribution is interesting because the activity r is concentrated on its mean value when each neuron fires independently, because of the law of large numbers. Even when pairwise interactions, or third-order interactions, exist, the concentration is not resolved. This shows that higher-order interactions are necessary to generate widespread activity distributions. We analyze a simple model in which neurons receive common overlapping inputs and prove that such a model can have a widespread distribution of activity, generating higher-order stochastic interactions.

scholarly journals Determination of Uranium Contents in Soil Samples in AL-Hamdaniya Region Using Solid State Nuclear Track Detector CR-39

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malik Hussain Kheder ◽  
Hanaa Nafee Azeez ◽  
Muna Yohana Slewa ◽  
Thoalfiqar Ali Zaker
Keyword(s):  
Uranium Concentration ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Track Detector ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Secular Equilibrium ◽  
Nuclear Track Detector ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
World Average ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Can Technique

Uranium is a common radioactive element in Earth’s crust (soil, rock), so it is important there quantity to be under control. The concentration of uranium in soil varies widely, Depending on the geological location, its concentration in the surface soil vary from 0.1 mg.Kg-1 (ppm) to 20 mg.Kg-1 (ppm) with a world average of 2.8 ppm and the allowed limit that equals 11.7 ppm. The uranium concentration, radon activity, radon concentration, in twenty soil samples collected from AL-Hamdaniya region (East of Mosul city) were measured using the sealed-can technique based on the CR-39 SSNTDs. The estimated values for the uranium activity which equal to radon activity at secular equilibrium were found vary between (581.11-1453.5) mBq with mean value 905.89 mBq, the uranium concentration are between (0.313-0.784) ppm with mean value of 0.488 ppm. All values of the samples under the test are below of allowed limit and world average value.

scholarly journals TRANSLATION AND CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF DEATH ATTITUDE PROFILE REVISED (DAP-R) FOR USE IN BRAZIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raylane da Silva Machado ◽  
Mônica Oliveira Batista Oriá ◽  
Márcia Astrês Fernandes ◽  
Márcia Teles de Oliveira Gouveia ◽  
Grazielle Roberta Freitas da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Care Process ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Adaptation Process ◽  
Content Validation ◽  
Back Translation

ABSTRACT Objectives: to perform the translation, cultural adaptation, and content validation of Death Attitude Profile Revised to the Brazilian context. Method: a methodological study that comprised the following stages: initial translation, synthesis of these translations, back translation, expert committee and pre-test conducted with 40 nursing students. The cultural adaptation process, which preceded content validation, carried out with three expert judges. Results: the Brazilian version of Death Attitude Profile Revised maintained semantic, idiomatic, conceptual and experiential equivalences to the original version. The final content validity coefficient of the scale reached 0.85 for language clarity and theoretical relevance and 0.86 for practical relevance. Regarding the theoretical dimensions, a substantial Kappa mean value among evaluators was obtained (0.709). Data analysis on internal consistency, performed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient, displayed a reliability considered high (α = 0.892). Conclusion: it is extremely important to have an instrument adapted to the Brazilian reality that allows for measuring the attitudes towards death from both a positive and negative point of view because, by identifying these attitudes, interventions and training are designed to improve the care process in nursing. Thus, the cultural adaptation process resulted in a reliable adapted version with valid content. However, it is necessary to test the psychometric properties before using in care practice and research.

The Effect of Sunglint Correction for Estimating Water Depth Using Rationing, Thresholding, and Mean Value Algorithms

Rekayasa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Luhur Moekti Prayogo ◽  
Abdul Basith
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Water Object ◽  
Depth Data ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Depth Extraction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Shallow Water Depth

Satellite-Derived Bathymetry (SDB) is an alternative for obtaining shallow water depth data. The existence of images with various resolutions, the availability of a complete image band can develop the extraction results. This method is based on the principle of the satellite's visible band to estimate water depth. The mapping of shallow water depth is dependent on water conditions, both its brightness and surface. When the sensor senses a water object, the reflected reflection comes from the surface, and some sensors cannot penetrate the water object. The sun's position and the sensor's point of view when sensing it results in interference from the water surface (Sunglint). The sunglint effect on the image can be reduced by performing RGB band correction with NIR Infrared. This study aims to demonstrate the effect of Sunglint's correction on three SDB approaches, namely Thresholding, Rationing, and Mean Value on Worldview 3 imagery in Karimunjawa Islands, Central Java. This study's results indicate that the Sunglint correction on Worldview 3 imagery affects the depth extraction results. The best results are shown by Sunglint's correction using the Thresholding approach (B2-B7), which produces the best correlation with R2 of 0.7364 and (B7-B2) with R2 = 0.7351. Contrastingly, the lowest correlation was generated using the Mean Value ((B2 + B7) / 2) approach without Sunglint's correction with R2 = 0.4015. So this research proves that the Worldview 3 image with Sunglint correction can provide bathymetry data, especially in shallow waters.

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