scholarly journals Biomarkers in rock oysters (Saccostrea mordax) in response to organophosphate pesticides

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Kennedy Opiyo ◽  
Christopher Rawson ◽  
Marthe Monique Gagnon ◽  
Ishaaq Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Marine Bivalve ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Lysosome Membrane

Chlorpyrifos is a xenobiotics contaminants that threats the marine environment and the living organism within the habitat. Although several marine bivalve species have been used as the indicator of marine pollution, the used of Saccostrea mordax is remaining unknown. This study aimed at investigating the suitability of lysosome membrane integrity, carboxylesterase activity, 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine and condition index as biomarkers in adult S. mordax following their exposure to 0.0, 5.0 and 500 μg.L-1 of Chlorpyrifos for 21 days under laboratory conditions. Results indicated that the lysosome membrane integrity showed a dose-dependent response with a significant statistical number of destabilized cells between all the treatment groups. Carboxylesterase activity was significantly inhibited in 500 μg.L-1 chlorpyrifos treated group, while the environmentally relevant concentration (5 μg.L-1) did not induce a significant inhibition with reference to the control. Similarly, the condition index showed a dose-dependent response with the oysters exposed to 500 μg.L-1 chlorpyrifos exhibiting a significantly reduced growth rate. There was no statistical significance in the means of both 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine in all treatment groups. The reaction of S. mordax to chlorpyrifos contamination demonstrates that the species can potentially be used as sentinel organisms in environmental monitoring programs. Lysosome membrane integrity was a single out as a sensitive biomarker for exposure to chlorpyrifos and is therefore suitable for environmental monitoring for sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos contaminations. Additionally, the use of multiple biomarkers was found to be robust in this study and can be extrapolated to other ecotoxicological studies

Physiological Responses of Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Roots toPseudomonas fluorescensStrain D7 Phytotoxin

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Tranel ◽  
David R. Gealy ◽  
Gerald P. Irzyk
Keyword(s):  
Root Elongation ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Inhibition Of Root Elongation

Effects of a crude preparation of a phytotoxin fromPseudomonas fluorescensstrain D7 (D7) on various physiological processes were evaluated in roots of downy brome seedlings. Cell division, respiration, and synthesis of protein, RNA, and DNA were not inhibited or only slightly inhibited under treatment conditions that caused substantial inhibition of root elongation. Significant inhibition of each of these processes was detected by known inhibitors included in each study to verify sensitivity of the procedures used. Disruption of lipid synthesis and membrane integrity by the crude phytotoxin preparation was significant and might account for inhibition of root elongation. Additional studies on these two possible target sites were conducted with partially purified phytotoxin. In intact roots, incorporation of [14C]acetate and [14C]malonic acid into lipophilic fractions was reduced by 50% or greater during a 1-h treatment with concentrations between 10 and 100 μg ml−1of the partially purified phytotoxin preparation. In a membrane integrity study, a similar treatment increased radioactivity efflux 250% from seedlings preloaded withscyllo-[R-3H]inositol. Additionally, disruption of lipid synthesis and membrane integrity by the partially purified phytotoxin was dose dependent. Collectively, these findings indicate that the D7 phytotoxin may inhibit downy brome root elongation through its effects on lipid synthesis and membrane integrity.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Efficacy and Safety of Tadalafil in a Pediatric Population with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phase 3 randomized, Double Blind Placebo-Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 204589402110249
Author(s):  
David D Ivy ◽  
Damien Bonnet ◽  
Rolf MF Berger ◽  
Gisela Meyer ◽  
Simin Baygani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Significance Testing ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Statistical Significance Testing ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of tadalafil in pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Methods: This phase-3, international, randomized, multicenter (24 weeks double-blind placebo controlled period; 2-year, open-labelled extension period), add-on (patient’s current endothelin receptor antagonist therapy) study included pediatric patients aged <18 years with PAH. Patients received tadalafil 20 mg or 40 mg based on their weight (Heavy-weight: ≥40 kg; Middle-weight: ≥25—<40 kg) or placebo orally QD for 24 weeks. Primary endpoint was change from baseline in 6-minute walk (6MW) distance in patients aged ≥6 years at Week 24. Sample size was amended from 134 to ≥34 patients, due to serious recruitment challenges. Therefore, statistical significance testing was not performed between treatment groups. Results: Patient demographics and baseline characteristics (N=35; tadalafil=17; placebo=18) were comparable between treatment groups; median age was 14.2 years (6.2 to 17.9 years) and majority (71.4%, n=25) of patients were in HW cohort. Least square mean (SE) changes from baseline in 6MW distance at Week 24 was numerically greater with tadalafil versus placebo (60.48 [20.41] vs 36.60 [20.78] meters; placebo-adjusted mean difference [SD] 23.88 [29.11]). Safety of tadalafil treatment was as expected without any new safety concerns. During study period 1, two patients (1 in each group) discontinued due to investigator’s reported clinical worsening, and no deaths were reported. Conclusions: The statistical significance testing was not performed between the treatment groups due to low sample size, however, the study results show positive trend in improvement in non invasive measurements, commonly utilized by clinicians to evaluate the disease status for children with PAH. Safety of tadalafil treatment was as expected without any new safety signals.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cyto/Genotoxicity of Irinotecan in V79 Cells Using the Comet, Micronucleus, and Chromosome Aberration Assay

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilena Kašuba ◽  
Ružica Rozgaj ◽  
Marija Gamulin ◽  
Ivančica Trošić
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Topoisomerase I ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
V79 Cells ◽  
Chromosome Aberration Assay ◽  
Dependent Relation ◽  
Dose Dependent

Assessment of Cyto/Genotoxicity of Irinotecan in V79 Cells Using the Comet, Micronucleus, and Chromosome Aberration AssayIrinotecan is a topoisomerase I interactive agent, widely used in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. The genotoxic effects of the maximum single dose (18 μg mL-1), recommended monotherapy dose (9 μg mL-1), and recommended combined therapy dose (4.5 μg mL-1) of irinotecan were studied on V79 cells using the comet assay, chromosome aberration assay, and micronucleus test. The cells were treated with irinotecan for 2 h or 24 h. The statistical significance of the results was determined using the one-way ANOVA test and a nonparametric Mann Whitney U test. The comet assay did not show dose-dependent or time-dependent effects. The chromosome aberration analysis showed large DNA rearrangements, i.e., chromosome exchanges. Although the exposed cultures showed a significant increase in micronucleated cells in respect to control, no dose-dependent relation was established among the treated cultures. Time-dependent effect was also not observed.

scholarly journals Cold atmospheric plasma coupled with air abrasion in liquid medium for the treatment of peri-implantitis model grown with a complex human biofilm: an in vitro study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Lai Hui ◽  
Vittoria Perrotti ◽  
Adriano Piattelli ◽  
Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov ◽  
Zhi Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Air Abrasion ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Cold Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Surface Decontamination

Abstract Objective Treatment of implants with peri-implantitis is often unsuccessful due to residual microbial biofilm hindering re-osseointegration. The aim of this study was to treat biofilm-grown titanium (Ti) implants with different modalities involving air abrasion (AA) and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) to compare the effectiveness in surface decontamination and the alteration/preservation of surface topography. Materials and methods Saliva collected from a peri-implantitis patient was used to in vitro develop human biofilm over 35 implants with moderately rough surface. The implants were then mounted onto standardized acrylic blocks simulating peri-implantitis defects and treated with AA (erythritol powder), CAP in a liquid medium, or a combination (COM) of both modalities. The remaining biofilm was measured by crystal violet (CV). Surface features and roughness before and after treatment were assessed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Results In the present peri-implantitis model, the human complex biofilm growth was successful as indicated by the statistical significance between the negative and positive controls. All the treatment groups resulted in a remarkable implant surface decontamination, with values very close to the negative control for AA and COM. Indeed, statistically significant differences in the comparison between the positive control vs. all the treatment groups were found. SEM analysis showed no post-treatment alterations on the implant surface in all the groups. Conclusions Decontamination with AA delivering erythritol with or without CAP in liquid medium demonstrated compelling efficacy in the removal of biofilm from implants. All the tested treatments did not cause qualitative alterations to the Ti surface features. No specific effects of the CAP were observed, although further studies are necessary to assess its potential as monotherapy with different settings or in combination with other decontamination procedures. Clinical relevance CAP is a promising option in the treatment of peri-implantitis because it has potential to improve the elimination of bacterial plaque from implant surfaces, in inaccessible pockets or during open-flap debridement, and should stimulate the process of the re-osseointegration of affected dental implants by not altering surface features and roughness.

Hydroxyl Safflower Yellow Pigment A (HSYA) Improves Vascular Endothelial Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1792-1798
Author(s):  
Li Yan ◽  
Ge Jingping ◽  
Yin Yuanyuan ◽  
Li Xiaomei ◽  
Zhao Boxiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Yellow Pigment ◽  
Endothelial Injury ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dose Dependent

Aim: This research was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of HSYA in vascular endothelial injury by vitro study. Methods: Dividing HUVECs as Normal Control (NC), Model (LPS treated) group, HSYA-L, HSYA-M and HSYA-H groups. Cells in the HSYA treatment groups were treated with LPS, followed by 40 mg/ml, 80 mg/ml, and 120 mg/ml HSYA intervention (HSYA-L, HSYA-M, and HSYA -H groups), respectively. Measuring the cell proliferation, apoptosis, relative proteins and mRNA (TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB(p65)) expressions by MTT, Flow cytometry, WB and RT-qPCR assay. Using cellular immunofluorescence to evaluate NF-κB(p65) nuclear volume of difference groups. Results: With HSYA supplement, the cell proliferation rates were significantly up-regulation with cell apoptosis significantly down-regulation with TLR4 relatived mRNA and proteins and NF-κB(p65) nuclear significantly depressed with dose-dependent (P <0.05, respectively). Conclusion: HSYA improved vascular endothelial injury induced by LPS via TLR4 pathway In Vitro.

scholarly journals Effects of yoghurt enriched with plant sterols on serum lipids in patients with moderate hypercholesterolaemia

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Volpe ◽  
Leena Niittynen ◽  
Riitta Korpela ◽  
Cesare Sirtori ◽  
Antonello Bucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Dose Dependent

The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of consumption of a yoghurt-based drink enriched with 1–2 g plant sterols/d on serum lipids, transaminases, vitamins and hormone status in patients with primary moderate hypercholesterolaemia. Thirty patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: a low-fat low-lactose yoghurt-based drink enriched with 1 g plant sterol extracted from soyabean/dv.a low-fat low-lactose yoghurt, for a period of 4 weeks. After a 2-week wash-out period, patients were crossed over for an additional 4-week period. Second, after a 4-week wash-out period, eleven patients were treated with 2 g plant sterols/d in a second open part of the study for a period of 8 weeks. The yoghurt enriched with plant sterols significantly reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels and LDL-cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol (P<0·001), whereas no changes were observed in HDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels, either in the first or the second part of the study. There were only slight, not statistically significant, differences in serum transaminase, vitamin and hormone levels. To conclude, a low-fat yoghurt-based drink moderately enriched with plant sterols may lower total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol effectively in patients with primary moderate hypercholesterolaemia.

Divergent Effects of Leptin on Luteinizing Hormone and Insulin Secretion are Dose Dependent

2003 ◽  
Vol 228 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota A. Zieba ◽  
Marcel Amstalden ◽  
Marlon N. Maciel ◽  
Duane H. Keisler ◽  
Nina Raver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Pulse Characteristics ◽  
Dose Dependent

We have shown recently that fasting permits leptin to modulate both luteinizing hormone (LH) and insulin secretion in cows. In rodents, leptin causes divergent effects on LH and insulin release that are dose dependent. To test the hypothesis that leptin effects on LH and insulin secretion in fasted cows are dose related, we examined the effects of various doses of recombinant ovine leptin (oleptin) in mature cows. Twenty ovariectomized beef cows, each bearing an estradiol implant to maintain basal estradiol concentrations, were used. All cows were fasted for 60 hr with free access to water and were assigned randomly to one of four groups (n = 5/group): 1) saline control; 2) leptin, 0.2 μg/kg; 3) leptin, 2.0 μg/kg; and 4) leptin, 20 μg/kg body wt. Blood samples were collected at 10-min intervals for 6 hr on Days 0 and 2, with saline or oleptin injected intravenously immediately after the first intensive sample on Day 2 (54 hr). Leptin caused a dose-related increase (P < 0.001) in mean concentrations of circulating LH. Stimulation of LH release by leptin was significant at the lowest (141% of control) and middle (122% of control) doses used, but no increase was observed for the highest dose. Increased mean concentrations of LH appeared to result from an augmentation of basal secretion, as pulse characteristics were not affected. After 54 hr of fasting, plasma insulin concentrations were lowered (P < 0.01) in all treatment groups compared to Day 0. After leptin injections, plasma insulin concentrations increased (P < 0.01) and reached highest concentrations during the first hour of sampling. However, this increase was sustained for several hours only in the intermediate (2.0 μg/kg) dose group. Collectively, our results show that leptin has potent positive effects on both LH and insulin secretion in fasted cows, but the anterior pituitary and endocrine pancreas appear to become downregulated in the presence of excess ligand.

scholarly journals Gene-dependent yeast cell death pathway requires AP-3 vesicle trafficking leading to vacuole membrane permeabilization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary D Stolp ◽  
Madhura Kulkarni ◽  
Yining Liu ◽  
Chengzhang Zhu ◽  
Alizay Jalisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Vesicle Trafficking ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Membrane Permeabilization ◽  
Cell Death Pathway ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Lysosome Membrane

Unicellular eukaryotes are suggested to undergo self-inflicted destruction. However, molecular details are sparse by comparison to the mechanisms of cell death known for human cells and animal models. Here we report a molecular pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae leading to vacuole/lysosome membrane permeabilization and cell death. Following exposure to heat-ramp conditions, a model of environmental stress, we observed that yeast cell death occurs over several hours, suggesting an ongoing molecular dying process. A genome-wide screen for death-promoting factors identified all subunits of the AP-3 adaptor complex. AP-3 promotes stress-induced cell death through its Arf1-GTPase-dependent vesicle trafficking function, which is required to transport and install proteins on the vacuole/lysosome membrane, including a death-promoting protein kinase Yck3. Time-lapse microscopy revealed a sequence of events where AP-3-dependent vacuole permeability occurs hours before the loss of plasma membrane integrity. An AP-3-dependent cell death pathway appears to be conserved in the human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.

scholarly journals Analgesic effect and side effects of celecoxib and meloxicam in canine hip osteoarthritis

2014 ◽  
pp. 4289-4300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Molina D ◽  
David Álzate V ◽  
Jhon Ruíz B ◽  
Manuela Urrea A ◽  
Juan Tobón J
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Gastritis ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
Gastric Endoscopy ◽  
Articular Pain

ABSTRACTObjective. To evaluate the pharmacological, clinical and toxicological effects of celecoxib and meloxicam for analgesia for 30 days in dogs with hip osteoarthritis. Materials and methods. Twenty-four patients were evaluated, 75% were females with an average age of 7.16 ± 2.06 years and twenty five percent were males with an average age of 7.83 ± 2.22 years. All patients had hip osteoarthritis and they were randomized into two groups; one group received oral celecoxib 5 mg/kg every 12 hours during one month and the second group received oral meloxicam 0.2 mg/kg every 24 hours during 1 month. The patients were evaluated for analgesia, and hematological, renal, liver, and coagulation tests on days 0, 10th and 30th after treatment initiation, and a gastric endoscopy on day 30. Statistical analysis was performed using a HSD Tukey test and c2 with a 5% level of statistical significance. Results. Both drugs reduced articular pain according to the Melbourne scale during the 30 days of treatment (p≤0.05). Hematological, renal, hepatic and coagulation tests were normal in both treatment groups. All patients presented chronic gastritis on endoscopy on day 30th. Conclusions. Both drugs decreased pain at day 30th without causing alterations in hematological, renal, hepatic or coagulation tests after 30 days of treatment. However, both drugs induced chronic gastritis.

scholarly journals Effect of Vernonia amygdalina on phospholipase activity from Naja Mossambica (Cobra)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 053-060
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Abdulkakdir ◽  
Omeremime Elizabeth Dania ◽  
Bala Alkali Mohammed ◽  
Yahaya Abubakar Mohammed ◽  
Maimuna Bello Umar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Phospholipase Activity ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Menten Constant ◽  
Different Doses

Background: Phospholipases are one of the numerous enzymes found in the Naja mossambica venom. They play a major role in snakebite envenomation, and also responsible for the hydrolysis of a phospholipid, disrupting the membrane integrity. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Vernonia amygdalina on Phospholipase activity from Naja mossambica (Cobra) Results: Partially purified phospholipase had maximal velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis Menten constant (Km) of 7.6 × 10-5 mol/min and 1.7mg/ml, while the crude phospholipase had Vmax and Km of 9.4 × 10-5mol/min and 2.5mg/ml respectively. Inhibition study of aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf shows that the extract is a potent inhibitor of crude phospholipase in a dose-dependent pattern. The different doses of extract 15 %, 10 % and 5% produced percentage inhibition of 74.04 %, 78.6 % and 86.63% respectively. The kinetic binding constant (Ki) values of crude phospholipase for different concentrations of extracts 5%, 10% and 15% were 0.21mg/ml, 0.29mg/ml and 0.39mg/ml, while the partially purified phospholipase for different concentrations of extracts 5%, 10% and 15% were were 0.48mg/ml, 0.42mg/ml and 0.41mg/ml respectively. It can be deduced from the results that the extract inhibits the phospholipase activity in an uncompetitive manner. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaves may contain some bioactive agents that could serve as potent inhibitors of phospholipase from Naja mossambica venom.

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