Effect of NaOH on biogas production under SSAD conditions along with kinetics studies

Indonesia is a large rice producing country where from these activities it produces waste in the form of rice husk. Rice husk cannot be degraded by itself due to the lignin content contained in the rice husk. Therefore, treatment is carried out to destroy the lignin content and use it as alternative energy in the form of biogas. The study was conducted at a laboratory scale at room temperature, preliminary treatment using 3% NaOH under the SSAD conditions of 27.5% TS and then biogas production was measured once every two days for 90 days. Furthermore, the results of biogas production were observed between biogas with NaOH and without NaOH and carried out a study of the kinetics. The result is that biogas production with NaOH is higher, reaching 59.2 mL/grTS whereas without NaOH at 14.7 mL/grTS. The results of kinetic studies using mathematical modeling through the Gompertz equation, the variable with NaOH is known to have a maximum biogas production of 63.9 mL/grTS, a daily biogas production rate of 0.97 mL/grTS.day and the initial formation of biogas significantly on the 8th day.

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Biogas Production from Rice Husk Waste by using Solid State Anaerobic Digestion (SSAD) Method

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20183102007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 02007 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin ◽

Hadiyanto

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Solid State ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Optimum Operating ◽

Future Research ◽

Continuous Systems

An effort to obtain alternative energy is still interesting subject to be studied, especially production of biogas from agriculture waste. This paper was an overview of the latest development of biogas researches from rice husk waste by Solid State Anaerobic Digestion (SSAD). The main obstacle of biogas production from rice husk waste was the lignin content which is very difficult degraded by microbes. Various pretreatments have been conducted, either physically, chemically as well as biologically. The SSAD method was an attractive option because of the low water content of rice husk waste. The biogas yield by SSAD method gave more attractive result compared to Liquid Anaerobic Digestion (LAD) method. Various studies were still conducted in batch mode laboratory scale and also has not found optimum operating conditions. Research on a larger scale such as bench and pilot scale with continuous systems will be an increase trend in the future research.

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Enhancement of Biogas Production from Rice Husk by NaOH and Enzyme Pretreatment

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20183102002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 02002 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Syafrudin ◽

Winardi Dwi Nugraha ◽

Shandy Sarima Agnesia ◽

Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin ◽

Budiyono

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Biological Treatment ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Preliminary Treatment ◽

Enzyme Pretreatment ◽

Naoh Pretreatment ◽

Oil And Natural Gas ◽

The Impact

Biogas is a renewable energy source that can be used as an alternative fuel to replace fossil fuel such as oil and natural gas. This research aims to analyze the impact of NaOH (Sodium hydroxide) and enzyme usage on the production of rice husk biogas using Solid State Anaerobic Digestion (SS-AD). Generally, SS-AD occurs at solid concentrations higher than 15%. The waste of rice husk are used as substrate with a C/N ratio of 25% and the total of solid that are used is 21%. Rice husk contains high lignin, therefore it is handled with chemical and biological treatment. The chemical preliminary treatment was using NaOH with various concentrations from 3%, 6% and 9% while the biological preliminary treatment was using enzyme with various concentration from 5%, 8%, and 11%. The biogas that is produced then measured every two days during 60 days of research with the biogas volume as a parameter observed. The result of the research shows that preliminary treatment with NaOH and enzyme can increase the production of biogas. The highest biogas production was obtained by the NaOH pretreatment using 6% NaOH which was 497 ml and by enzyme pretreatment using 11% enzyme which was 667,5 ml.

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Rice husk as renewable energy for biogas production from biomass: prospect and challenges

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202020206024 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 202 ◽

pp. 06024

Author(s):

Ayudya Izzati Dyah Lantasi ◽

Syafrudin ◽

Budiyono

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Influence Factors ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Fossil Energy ◽

Organic Solid

Greenhouse gas emissions go hand in hand with fossil energy consumption. The use of fossil energy has increased sharply in the past 15 years. Biogas is one of renewable energy derived from biomass that can overcome greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the generation of organic solid waste. Some materials with high lignin content are good substrates to increase biogas production. Rice husk is a potential material to be used as a biogas substrate and it is quite abundant in Indonesia. However, its utilization for full scale operation has not been maximized. This review article will discuss the potential of rice husks as substrates and prospects in their implementation including various characteristics, influence factors to optimize and up-scale the biogas production. Further research is needed to increase biogas production and overcome existing obstacles.

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Original Research Article Biogas Yield from Anaerobic Batch Co-Digestion of Rice Husk and Zebu Dung

Agricultura tropica et subtropica ◽

10.2478/ats-2013-0022 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 118-122

Author(s):

Ondrej Cundr ◽

Dagmar Haladova

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Methane Yield ◽

Original Research ◽

Waste Biomass ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Total Solids ◽

Biogas Yield ◽

Single Substrate

Abstract The main objective of this work was to test the suitability of rice husk waste biomass for anaerobic digestion and to examine the energy potential of the co-digestion of rice husk with zebu dung. Rice husk and zebu dung were studied under batch anaerobic conditions as separate wastes as well as mixed in various proportions. All experiments were carried out at 5% of total solids. The methane yield achieved by single substrate digestion of rice husk and zebu dung was 13.9 l and 44.58 l CH4/kg volatile solids (VS), respectively. The co-digestion of 50% total solids (TS) rice straw with 50% total solids zebu dung gave the result of 38.42 l CH4/kg VS. According to these results, the degradation and methane production potential of rice husk were not sufficient and it was found that this residue material is less suitable for single substrate digestion without additional pretreatment than for co-digestion. Even if co-digestion of rice husk with zebu dung improved the digestibility of rice husk and hence increased the biogas production, the methane yield was lower in comparison with the result for zebu dung, due to the high lignin content in rice husk. Nevertheless, the proof of digestibility of rice husk showed the possibility of rational exploitation of this waste material.

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Potentials of Acremonium butyri fungus in pre-treatment and hydrolysis using Rice husk substrate for biofuel production: A short communication

UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) ◽

10.47430/ujmr.2052.018 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 131-137

Author(s):

Sanusi A. ◽

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Moist Environment ◽

The Difference ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Over Exploitation

There is increasing interest in the area of biofuel production due to fear of fossil fuel extinction as a result of over exploitation and crises. During biofuel production, substrate needs to undergo pre-treatment and hydrolysis where acids and alkali are mostly used. In this study, Acremonium butyri was used for both pre-treatment and hydrolysis. Structural compositions of the rice husk were determined. Extractives, hemicellulose and Lignin content was determined via extraction using Soxhlet extractor while cellulose was determined as the difference from the extractives, hemicelluloses and lignin. Acremonium butyri was isolated from dried roots of Piliostigma reticulatum (Kalgo) by keeping the roots in a clean plastic for a period of 7 days on moist environment after which fungal growth appeared. The growth was aseptically transferred on to prepared S.D.A plate and kept at room temperature. The fungal growth was identified as based on the physical and microscopic characteristics. About 50g of rice husk was mixed with 500 ml of distilled water in the ration of 1:10 to obtain homogenous slurry and then inoculated with 2ml of prepared Acremonium butyri solution and incubated at room temperature for up to 3 weeks with frequent shaking at certain intervals. Reducing sugar test was carried out to determine the reducing sugar released with UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The results obtained indicate that rice husk contained 32%, 30%, 29% and 8.4% of cellulose, hemicelluloses, extractives and lignin respectively. And a total of 0.936g/l of reducing sugar was released after 3 weeks of pre-treatment. The results implies that Acremonium butyri separated the component of rice husk (pre-treatment) as well as break down cellulose and hemicelluloses into its monomers (hydrolysis) thereby releasing sugar. Hence, Acremonium butyri is a good microorganism for biological pre-tretment and hydrolysis. Keywords: Acremonium butyri, Rice Husk, Pre-treatment, Hydrolysis, Biofuel

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Delignification of Rice Husk by Microwave Assisted Chemical Pretreatment

Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research ◽

10.48084/etasr.2143 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 3084-3087

Author(s):

S. M. Laghari ◽

M. M. Tunio ◽

A. Q. Laghari ◽

A. J. Laghari ◽

A. M. Ali

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Energy Production ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Chemical Pretreatment ◽

Optimum Range ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

High Lignin Content

Rice husk has the potential to be used as a source of alternative energy e.g. as biofuel. Its high lignin content, however, poses difficulty to this use. This study investigates the use of microwave assisted acidic and alkaline pretreatment methods to improve the characteristics of rice husk for energy production. The use of microwave assisted 3.5% NaOH provided optimum pretreatment of rice husk; the lignin content was reduced from 17.8 to 10.2%, the cellulose content increased from 38.6 to 59.3% and the C/N ratio was within the optimum range of 25-35. The results showed enhanced potential of biofuel production from rice husk by this pretreatment.

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The Effect of Grinding on Biogas Production from Rice Husk Waste During Solid State Anaerobic Digestion (SS-AD)

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202020208004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 202 ◽

pp. 08004

Author(s):

Syafrudin ◽

Winardi Dwi Nugraha ◽

Aisyah Bahrani ◽

Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin ◽

Budiyono

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Solid State ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Control Variable ◽

Preliminary Treatment ◽

Biogas Yield ◽

Preparation Phase ◽

Biogas Reactors ◽

Operation Phase

Biogas technology solves the problem of energy crisis. Biogas is a renewable and environment friendly fuel (Franthena, 2015). This study aims to determine the optimum value of grinding size variations in biogas production with the solid state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD) method of biogas production from rice husk waste. We divide the method used into four stages, namely, the testing phase of total rice content, solids, preparation phase, operation phase, and results analysis. The rice husk waste used for this study came from the Rowosari area. We accept rice for preliminary treatment with chemical pretreatment (NaOH). We soaked rice husk with a concentration of 6% NaOH for 24 hours as a control variable. Milling variations used as physical pretreatment are 10 mesh, 18 mesh, 35 mesh, 60 mesh. We used bioreactors with a volume of 200 ml. We observed all biogas reactors produced every two days for ± 60 days of research. The results showed that the reactors with 10 mesh, 18 mesh, 35 mesh, 60 mesh milling variations obtained a total biogas yield of 11.688484; 9,479955; 12.50772; 19,03718 ml / grTS until the 60th day. The control reactor (without grinding variations) produced 9,084606 ml / grTS. The highest biogas production level is 60 mesh with a value, (A) 19.03718 (ml / grTS); the rate of biogas production (U) 0.2416979 (ml / gr TS.day); and the minimum time for biogas formation (λ) is 3.83908 days.

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The Influence of Microbial Consortium and C/N Ratio to Biogas Production from Rice Husk Waste by Using Solid State Anaerobic Digestion (SS-AD)

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20187301018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. 01018

Author(s):

HashfiHawali Abdul Matin ◽

Hadiyanto

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Solid State ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Water Displacement ◽

Enzymatic Pretreatment ◽

Batch System ◽

Volumetric Loading

Rice husk is one of agricultural waste which have a potential to be processed into biogas. The aim of this research was to study the effect of enzymatic pretreatment and C/N ratio to biogas production from rice husk by solid state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD). This research were operated in batch system and at room temperature. TS was set 21%. Enzymatic pretreatment was conducted using lignase enzyme. C/N ratio was varied from 35, 40, 45, and 50. The variation of C/N ratio is made by adding technical urea to the substrate. Biogas formed was measured by using water displacement method every two days. The result showed that enzymatic pretreatment could increase biogas production varied from 30 to 55 %. The highest biogas production was obtained at C/N ratio 35. Specific biogas production on C/N ratio of 35, 40, 45, and 50 were 11.6, 10.2, 9.8 and 9.4 ml/grTS, respectively. SS-AD has volumetric loading of biogas production higher than generally in liquid anaerobic digestion (L-AD). Combined with our previous research with variations of C/N ratio 20, 25, 30, and 35, we obtained an optimum C/N ratio at 35.

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Effect of Bio-activator Addition and Stirring on Biogas Production from Rice Husks and Cow Dung

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20187307015 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. 07015

Author(s):

Lando Asiyanthi Tabran ◽

Arifin Abdul Nasser ◽

Nurhayati

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Milling Process ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Rice Husks ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Rice Milling

Indonesia as the world’s third-largest paddy producer generates abundant agricultural wastes. Approximately, 20% of those wastes obtained in the rice milling process are rice husks that have not been fully utilized. Rice husks contain cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Therefore, it can be used as an alternative source of energy. In addition, an increase in the cattle population has increased the waste produced. Disposal of livestock manure, that has not been handled properly, has caused environmental pollution. The abundance of cow dung is an energy potential which is very beneficial for the community. Therefore, rice husk, cow dung, and bio-activator EM-4 were used as the main material in this study. The objectives of this study were to analyze the volume of biogas produced from (1) each composition of rice husk and cow dung, (2) addition of bio-activator EM-4, and (3) the amount of stirring in the digester. The ratio of rice husk and cow dung waste is 70%: 30% with a solid and water ratio of 10%: 90% and 20%:80%. The addition of EM-4 and stirring frequency is made with various composition aimed to accelerate the rate of increase in biogas, which can be used as alternative energy in society.

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