Kontaminasi Telur Dan Larva Cacing Usus Pada Tanah Di Desa Juku Eja Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu

Latar belakang: Soil Transmitted Helminth merupakan penyakit infeksi oleh nematode usus masih menjadi neglected diseases yang dapat menyebabkan kekurangan gizi, anemia, hambatan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kognitif khususnya pada anak-anak. Penularan STH terjadi melalui kontak dengan telur parasit atau larva yang berkembang di tanah yang hangat dan lembab sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan telur dan larva cacing usus yang ada di dalam tanah di Desa Juku Eja yang merupakan penyebab dari tingginya prevalensi kecacingan di SDN Juku Eja.Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan di 5 titik di SDN Juku Eja dan 17 titik di sekitar area pemukiman warga Desa Juku Eja. Pemeriksaan sampel tanah menggunakan metode pengapungan dan preparat kemudian diperiksa di bawah mikroskop. Hasil: Ditemukan 2 sampel positif larva cacing tambang (hookworm) di SDN Juku Eja dan satu titik positif telur cacing Trichuris trichiura di area pemukiman. Kondisi tanah pada kedua lokasi yaitu berpasir dipinggir pantai. Kontaminasi tanah oleh telur dan larva cacing STH disebabkan oleh kebiasaan BAB di tepi pantai oleh masyarakat, ketidaktersediaan jamban keluarga dan kebiasaan tidak menggunakan alas kaki di tanah.Simpulan: Kontaminasi tanah oleh telur dan larva cacing dapat menjadi sumber risiko penularan infeksi STH jika terjadi kontak manusia dengan tanah tanpa perlindungan diri dan kebiasaan hidup bersih dan sehat. ABSTRACT Title: Contamination Of Worm Egg And Larvae In Soil At Juku Eja Village Tanah Bumbu RegencyBackground: Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) is an infectious disease by intestinal nematode. This neglected disease can cause nutritional deficiencies, anemia, growth barriers and cognitive development, especially in children. STH transmission occurs through contact with parasitic eggs or larvae that develop in warm and moist soils, so this study aims was determine the presence of intestinal helminth eggs and larvae in the soil of Juku Eja Village, which is the cause of the high prevalence of helminthiasis in SDN Juku Eja.Method: Research using cross sectional design. Soil sampling was carried out at 5 points at SDN Juku Eja and 17 points around the residential area of Juku Eja Village. Soil samples examination was using the flotation method and then the preparations are examined under a microscope.Result: Result was found 2 positive samples of hookworm larvae (hookworm) at SDN Juku Eja and 1 spot positive of Trichuris trichiura egg in the residential area. Soil conditions at both locations are sandy beach. Soil contamination by eggs and STH worm larvae is caused by the habit of defecating on the beach by the community, the unavailability of family latrines and the habit of not using footwear on the ground Conclusion: Contamination of soil by eggs and worm larvae can be a source of risk of transmission of STH infections if there is human contact with the soil without self-protection and clean and healthy living habits.

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Feeding difficulties in disabled children leads to malnutrition: experience in an Indian slum

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn2003991 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 90 (6) ◽

pp. 1097-1106 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Aisha K. Yousafzai ◽

Suzanne Filteau ◽

Sheila Wirz

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Children With Disabilities ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Disabled Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Feeding Difficulties ◽

The Disabled ◽

Feeding Difficulty ◽

Weight For Age

The aim of the present study was to explore the nature, extent and probable causes of nutritional deficiencies among children with disabilities living in Dharavi, a slum in Mumbai, India. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate whether the nutritional status of children with disabilities, aged 2–6 years (n141), was worse than that of non-disabled sibling controls (n122) and neighbour controls (n162). Data on food patterns, anthropometry, micronutrient status and feeding difficulties reported by parents were collected. The mean weight for age of the children with disabilities (−2·44 (sd 1·39)Zscores;n120) was significantly lower (P<0·05) compared with the sibling (−1·70 (sd 1·20)Zscores;n109) and neighbour (−1·83 (sd 1·290)Zscores;n162) control groups. The children with disabilities had significantly lower (P<0·05) mean haemoglobin levels (92 (sd 23) g/l;n134) compared with siblings (102 (sd 18) g/l;n103) and neighbours (99 (sd 18) g/l;n153). Relative risk (RR) analysis indicated that the disabled children with feeding difficulties were significantly more likely (P<0·05) to be malnourished, by the indicator of weight for age (RR 1·1; 95 % CI 1·08, 1·20) compared with the disabled children without a feeding difficulty. They were also significantly more likely to be malnourished using the indicators of height for age (RR 1·3; 95 % CI 1·19, 1·43) and weight for height (RR 2·4; 95 % CI 1·78, 3·23) compared with the disabled children without a feeding difficulty. Feeding difficulties were identified as a risk factor for vulnerability to inadequate nutritional status among children with disabilities.

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The Interaction between HIV and Intestinal Helminth Parasites Coinfection with Nutrition among Adults in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/9059523 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B. T. Mkhize ◽

M. Mabaso ◽

T. Mamba ◽

C. E. Napier ◽

Z. L. Mkhize-Kwitshana

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Transferrin Saturation ◽

Intestinal Helminth ◽

Helminth Parasites ◽

Probit Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Care Clinic ◽

Comprehensive Primary Health Care ◽

Kwazulu Natal

In South Africa few studies have examined the effects of the overlap of HIV and helminth infections on nutritional status. This cross-sectional study investigated the interaction between HIV and intestinal helminths coinfection with nutritional status among KwaZulu-Natal adults. Participants were recruited from a comprehensive primary health care clinic and stratified based on their HIV, stool parasitology, IgE, and IgG4 results into four groups: the uninfected, HIV infected, helminth infected, and HIV-helminth coinfected groups. The nutritional status was assessed using body mass index, 24-hour food recall, micro-, and macronutrient biochemical markers. Univariate and multivariate multinomial probit regression models were used to assess nutritional factors associated with singly and dually infected groups using the uninfected group as a reference category. Biochemically, the HIV-helminth coinfected group was associated with a significantly higher total protein, higher percentage of transferrin saturation, and significantly lower ferritin. There was no significant association between single or dual infections with HIV and helminths with micro- and macronutrient deficiency; however general obesity and low micronutrient intake patterns, which may indicate a general predisposition to micronutrient and protein-energy deficiency, were observed and may need further investigations.

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Nutritional status of soil-transmitted helminthiasis-infected and uninfected children

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi55.3.2015.136-41 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 136 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nelly Simarmata ◽

Tiangsa Sembiring ◽

Muhammad Ali

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Infection Intensity ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Trichuris Trichiura ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Malnourished Children ◽

Moderate Malnutrition

Background Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections remain a public health problem in developing countries. Their prevalence is particularly high in rural areas with people of low socioeconomic level. A single or mixed STH infection rarely causes death, but can affect nutritional status, growth, cognitive development and human health, especially in children.Objective To compare the nutritional status of STH-infected and uninfected children.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2010 in children from 3 primary schools in the Simpang Empat and Kabanjahe Subdistricts, Karo District, North Sumatera Province. Fecal examinations were done by the Kato-Katz method to diagnose STH infections. Participants of this study consisted of 140 infected children and 141 uninfected children. Nutritional status classification was based on the 2000 Centers for Disease Control growth charts. All categorical data were analyzed by Chi-square test.Results Of 140 infected children, 8.6% were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, 17.1% with Trichuris trichiura and 74.3% with mixed infections (Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura). We found significantly more STH infected children with mild to moderate malnutrition than the uninfected group. We also found significantly more mildly to moderately malnourished children with moderate infection intensity than mild infection intensity.Conclusion We find significantly more STH infected children with mild to moderate malnutrition than the uninfected group. We also find significantly more mildly to moderately malnourished children with moderate infection intensity than mild infection intensity. Higher severity of infection is associated with lower nutritional status.

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Prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among school going adolescents of Vadodara, Gujarat, India: a cross sectional study

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20195157 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 1767

Author(s):

Ashish Shamjibhai Bhalsod ◽

Nisarg N. Dave ◽

Nilesh Thakor

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A Deficiency ◽

Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Growth Spurt ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Male Adolescents ◽

Protein Energy ◽

Complex Deficiency ◽

Fatty Acid Deficiency

Background: Adolescent constitutes over 23% of the population in India. Critical development occurs during adolescence period. Growth spurt and increase in physical activity during adolescent period increases the nutrition and health needs of the adolescent. Objective was to study prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among school going adolescents of Vadodara city, Gujarat.Methods: The study was carried during period from September 2018 to August 2019. After taking the permission of principals of 3 schools and consent of the parents of adolescents, 511 adolescents from 3 schools of Vadodara city were examined for signs of various nutritional deficiencies. The data was collected by predesign, pretested proforma and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 (Trial Version).Results: Out of total 511 adolescents 253(49.5%) were female. Mean age of the study adolescents was 15.6±1.81 years. Maximum numbers of the adolescents were in the age group of 10-14 years (60.3%). Mean age of female and male adolescents was 15.2±1.71 years and 15.6±2.01 years respectively. The study revealed that vitamin A deficiency was present in 38(7.4%) adolescents. Vitamin B complex deficiency signs were seen in 112(21.9%) adolescents. Vitamin C deficiency signs were seen in 43(8.4%) adolescents. Protein Energy Malnutrition was observed in 52(10.1%) adolescents. Essential fatty acid deficiency was observed in 56(10.9%) adolescents.Conclusions: High prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among these adolescents needs great attention and health education.

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Dietary Supplementation Habits and Perceptions of Supplement Use Among Elite Finnish Athletes

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.21.4.271 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 271-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Anni Heikkinen ◽

Antti Alaranta ◽

Ilkka Helenius ◽

Tommi Vasankari

Keyword(s):

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Nutritional Supplement ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

National Team ◽

Supplement Use ◽

Olympic Athletes ◽

Study Population

The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of dietary supplement (DS) use among elite Finnish athletes in 2002 and 2009. In 2009, the authors also wanted to examine the reasons for athletes’ DS use, whether athletes feel they have experienced benefits from their supplement use, and whether athletes had had an opportunity to consult dietary specialists. Cross-sectional studies were conducted in 2002 and 2009 among Finnish Olympic athletes. Data were collected using semistructured questionnaires, mainly in national team camps. The study population in 2002 was 446 athletes, and in 2009 it was 372. The number of DS users was high in both study years (81% in 2002 and 73% in 2009). Vitamin D consumption was low in both 2002 and 2009 (0.7% and 2.0%, respectively). An increase was found in consumption of omega-3 fatty acids between study years (11% in 2002 and 19% in 2009; p = .002), and their regular use nearly doubled (8% and 15%, p = .002). For vitamin and mineral users, the main reason for DS use was to prevent nutritional deficiencies, and for nutritional supplement users the main reason was recovery from exercise. Only 27% of all athletes and 30% of DS users had an opportunity to consult dietary specialists in 2009. This survey shows that supplementation rates among elite Finnish athletes are high and there may be over- and underuse of some micronutrient supplements. There is a need for professional nutritional counseling among national elite athletes.

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Risk factors leading to pulmonary exacerbation in patients with cystic fibrosis: A systematic review

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association ◽

10.47391/jpma.04-515 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Danish Abdul Aziz ◽

Syeda Khadija Fatima ◽

Hasan Nawaz Tahir

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Pulmonary Exacerbation ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Randomised Controlled

Objective: To ascertain major risk factors associated with pulmonary exacerbation and pulmonary function decline in cystic fibrosis. Method: The systematic review was conducted at Aga Khan University, Karachi, in September 2018, and comprised electronic search of PubMed, Ovid, Science Direct and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases of studies conducted from January 1990 to September 2018 which were categorised into 3 sets; 1990-98, 1999-2007 and 2008-18. Studies included for review focussed on articles with pulmonary exacerbation as the health outcome indicator, and had diagnosis of cystic fibrosis as the inclusion criteria, while risk factors were the exposure terms used in the search process. References in bibliographies of the included studies were also systematically searched for relevant documents. Results: Of the 60 studies obtained, 31(51.7%) were selected; 2(6.45%) from 1990-98, 7(22.58%) from 1999-2007 and 22(70.96%) from 2008-18. Overall, 17(54.83%) were cohort studies, 7(22.5%) were cross-sectional studies, 3(9.6%) were case-control studies, 3(9.6%) were randomised controlled trials and 1(3.2%) was systematic review and meta-analysis. In terms of major risk factors, genetic mutations were cited by 4(12.9%) studies, infections and inflammatory biomarkers by 15(48.4%), nutritional deficiencies by 9(29%) and geographical and socioeconomic status by 3(9.6%) studies. Conclusion: Early identification and recognition of risk factors associated with pulmonary exacerbation can have an explicit impact on its management, leading to decreased morbidity and mortality burden in cystic fibrosis cases. Key Words: Pulmonary exacerbation, Cystic fibrosis, Risk factors, Systematic review. Continuous...

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Age-related Smell and Taste Impairments and Vitamin D Associations in the U.S. Adults National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12040984 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 984

Author(s):

Galya Bigman

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

National Health ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Age Related ◽

The Us

Smell and taste decline with aging, and markedly deteriorate when nutritional deficiencies occur. This study aims to examine the associations between Vitamin D (VD) deficiency and smell and taste impairments among adults. This paper details a cross-sectional study utilizing data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2013–2014.). Smell impairment was assessed by the Pocket Smell Test and defined as failing to correctly identify six or more of the eight odors. Taste impairment was defined as failing to correctly identify quinine or sodium chloride. VD was measured as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin. Multivariable weighted logistic regressions were utilized. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were presented. Overall, 2216 (smell sample) and 2636 (taste sample) participants were included, aged between 40 and 80 years old. Of those, 18.3% had taste impairment, 12.2% had smell impairment, and 20% had VD deficiency (<20 ng/mL). Compared to participants with sufficient VD (>30 ng/mL), those with VD deficiency were more likely by 39% to report a higher prevalence of smell impairment (OR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.02–1.89); and only participants aged 70–80 years with VD inadequacy (20–30 ng/mL) were more likely by 96% to report a higher prevalence of taste impairment (OR = 1.96, 95%CI: 1.35–1.85). VD may have a significant role in age-related smell impairment in adults aged 40 years or older, and in age-related taste impairment in the elderly aged 70–80 years.

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The evaluation of potential global morbidity attributable to intestinal nematode infections

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000078410 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 109 (3) ◽

pp. 373-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 159

Author(s):

M. S. Chan ◽

G. F. Medley ◽

D. Jamison ◽

D. A. P. Bundy

Keyword(s):

Spatial Heterogeneity ◽

Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽

Worm Burden ◽

Disease Burden ◽

Trichuris Trichiura ◽

Intensity Of Infection ◽

Intestinal Nematode ◽

Prevalence Estimates ◽

Global Disease Burden

SummaryThis paper presents a method of estimating the potential global morbidity due to human intestinal nematode infections (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworms), based on the observed prevalence of infection. The method relies on the observed relationships between prevalence and intensity of infection, and between worm burden and potential morbidity. This approach is shown to be sensitive to the precision of the original prevalence estimates and, in particular, to the degree of spatial heterogeneity in levels of infection. The estimates presented here indicate that several tens of millions of children are likely to suffer developmental consequences from infection, and suggest that the global disease burden of geohelminthiasis may be significantly greater than was supposed.

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Prevalence ofStaphylococcus aureuscarriage among dogs and their owners

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268807009326 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 136 (7) ◽

pp. 953-964 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

M. V. BOOST ◽

M. M. O'DONOGHUE ◽

A. JAMES

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Workers ◽

Case Reports ◽

Nasal Carriage ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Human Contact ◽

Care Workers

SUMMARYCase reports have indicated transmission ofStaphylococcus aureusbetween humans and pets. We investigated associations between level of contact between dog and owner, andS. aureuscolonization. In a cross-sectional study, nasal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility ofS. aureuswas determined for 830 dogs and 736 owners. Relatedness of isolates was investigated using antibiograms and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Associations between carriage and demographics or amount of contact between owners and dogs were documented.S. aureuswas isolated in 24% of humans and 8·8% of dogs. Antibiotic resistance was significantly more common in canine isolates. Of 17 owner/dog colonized pairs, six were indistinguishable by PFGE. Colonization of dogs was not associated with close human contact, but was strongly associated with health-care occupations (OR 3·29, 95% CI 1·49–7·26,P=0·002). In outbreak situations health-care workers' pets should be considered as a source ofS. aureus. High rates of resistance indicate increased monitoring of antibiotic use in veterinary practice is needed.

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The epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminth and protozoan infections in south-west Cameroon

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x1000091x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 30-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J.V. Mbuh ◽

N.H. Ntonifor ◽

J. Ojong

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Intestinal Helminth ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Helminth Infections ◽

Total Prevalence ◽

Protozoan Infections ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Heavy Loads

AbstractA cross-sectional study of the prevalence, intensity and effects of soil-transmitted helminth and protozoan infections was undertaken among patients at the Buea Hospital Annex located in Buea sub-division of Cameroon. Stool samples from 356 subjects (174 males and 182 females) were collected and processed using standard concentration methods. Our results showed that 31.0% of subjects were infected with intestinal helminths and the prevalence was higher in females (32.4%) than in males (30.5%). A significantly higher prevalence was observed in rural (47.2%) than in urban areas (21.0%); significance < 0.1%. Prevalence was highest among those aged between 6 and 12 years (41.4%). The total prevalence of intestinal helminth infections were 19.3% for Ascaris lumbricoides, 14.0% for hookworm and 11.8% for Trichuris trichiura. The intensity of infection was unevenly distributed, with very heavy loads concentrated in a few individuals. Data also showed that 28.1% (100/356) of the subjects were infected with protozoans. Females showed a higher prevalence (28.6%; 52/182) than males (20.7%; 36/174). Also, there was a significantly higher prevalence in rural (34.0%; 49/144) than urban areas (18.4%; 39/212); significance < 0.1%. The age group 6–12 years again had a higher prevalence (37.1%; 26/70). The total prevalence of intestinal protozoans was: Entamoeba histolytica (24.4%), Entamoeba coli (11.2%) and Giardia lamblia (0.6%). These relatively heavy prevalences in patients may be reduced by appropriate medication and maintaining strict personal hygiene. Health education, clean water supply, good sewage management and a congenial environment will all help to minimize infection.

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