scholarly journals Analysis of the Effect of Biodiesel B20 and B100 on the Degradation of Viscosity and Total Base Number of Lubricating Oil in Diesel Engines with Long-Term Operation Using ASTM D2896 and ASTM D445-06 Methods

Teknik ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
Jayan Sentanuhady ◽  
Akmal Irfan Majid ◽  
W. Prashida ◽  
W. Saputro ◽  
N. P. Gunawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Total Base ◽  
Rotary Speed ◽  
The Impact

Based on its characteristics, biodiesel has a higher density, viscosity, and acidity level than diesel fuel, so it has a disadvantages in terms of lubricants especially in the long run. The impact, it can decrease the kinematic viscosity of the lubricant, a decrease in the total base number, and the impact by decreased of the engine performance. This research aims to determine the characteristics of lubricants from the use of biodiesel (B20 and B100) related to the kinematic viscosity of lubricants and Total Base Number (TBN). The testing method were used ASTM D2896-15 and ASTM D445-06 standard. The study used two units Kubota RD 65 DI-NB diesel engines with a cylinder volume of 376 cc. The rotary speed of the machine was keep constant at 2200 rpm and were operated for 300 hours non-stop. Moreover, the sampled was carried out every multiple of 100 hours. Based on the research results, the quality of lubricants with B100 fuel is no better than lubricants with B20 fuel. B100-fueled lubricants have kinematic viscosity values at temperatures of 40 °C and 100 °C and has lower TBN values than B20-fueled lubricants.

Study on Wear of Piston Rings in Diesel Engines With Exhaust Gas Recirculation

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tokuro Sato ◽  
Hideki Saito ◽  
Koji Korematsu ◽  
Junya Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Time History ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Piston Rings ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Residual Content ◽  
Measured Time

Abstract The wear of piston rings in the diesel engines with EGR system is studied experimentally. In order to clarify the effect of PM on the wear, the wear of the piston rings in the test engine is measured, (1) when the non-soluble in the lubricating oil is removed by the oil filters, (2) when PM in the re-circulating gas is removed by the DPF, (3) when the carbon black is added in the lubricating oil. The experimental results are discussed with the measured time history of kinematic viscosity, total base number, total acid number, ZDTP survival rate, and carbon residual content and its particle size in the engine oil.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of the Application Characteristics of Biodiesel Blends in Diesel Engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guirong Wu ◽  
Jun Cong Ge ◽  
Nag Jung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Noise Characteristics ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Impact

Since the advent of biodiesel as a renewable alternative fuel, it has attracted wide attention from researchers. The raw materials of biodiesel generally produced by transesterification of animal fats, plants, algae or even waste cooking oil, which makes full use of natural resources and alleviates increasingly problematic oil shortages and environmental pollution. Biodiesel can be directly applied to vehicle engines without any modification and will both improve the combustion quality of the engine and reduce the harmful emissions from the engine. This study mainly summarizes the influence of biodiesel applications on diesel engines, including the impact on engine performance, combustion characteristics, emission characteristics, vibration, noise characteristics, and compatibility. In particular, unregulated emissions such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are rarely mentioned in other review articles, are also discussed in this study.

Spectroscopic Measurement of Used Lubricating Oil Quality

1989 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Stuart ◽  
S. M. Trotman ◽  
K. J. Doolan ◽  
P. M. Fredericks
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Total Base

Used lubricating oils have been examined by a number of spectroscopic techniques to assess whether it might be possible to improve turn-around time for laboratory analyses or to develop a simple oil quality sensor which could be used in a service workshop. Investigation shows that the development of an oil quality sensor based on discrete wavenumber measurements in the mid-infrared region would not be warranted, but heptane-insolubles can be estimated from a single measurement in the near-infrared region, and this could form the basis of a simple sensor. Considerable information about the quality of a used oil is available through a thorough examination of its mid-infrared spectrum. Use of the computer program CIRCOM, which employs factor analysis followed by multiple linear regression, allowed useful correlations to be obtained for n-heptane—insolubles level and viscosity and total base number of the oil sample. This supplements and extends the previously described methods for obtaining information such as fuel and water levels by IR analysis.

Simulation of Combustion in a DI Diesel Engine Operating on Biodiesel Blends

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshav S. Varde ◽  
Shubha K. Veeramachineni
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
The Impact

There has been considerable interest in recent years in using blends of petroleum diesel and biodiesels in diesel engines. Some of the interests arise in making use of renewable fuels, or in reducing dependency on imported fossil fuels and, in some cases, to provide economic boost to agricultural industry. It is believed that substitution of a small amount of biodiesel for petroleum diesel can reduce the import of fuel and help in trade balance. Biodiesels, whether derived from vegetable oils or animal fat, have many properties that align with those of petroleum diesel. This makes biodiesel a good candidate for blending it in small quantities with petroleum diesel. Studies have shown biodiesel blends to work well in diesel engines. However, experimental investigations of biodiesel blends have shown some discrepancies in engine thermal efficiency and emissions of NOx. A combustion simulation model for diesel engine may help to understand some of the differences in engine performance when different fuels are used. This paper deals with an existing simulation model that was applied to a diesel engine operating on biodiesel blends. The model was a modified version of GT-Power that was specifically modified to fit the test engine. The model was calibrated using a single cylinder, naturally aspirated, DI diesel engine operating on ultra-low sulfur (ULSD) diesel. It was used to predict engine performance when operating on different blends of soy biodiesel and ULSD. The simulation utilized detailed physical and chemical properties of the blends to predict cylinder pressures, fuel consumption, and emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Comparison between predicted and experimental values showed good correlations. The predicted trends in fuel consumption, emissions of NOx and smoke showed comparable trends. The model allows the user to change fuel properties to assess the impact of variations in blend composition on exhaust emissions. This paper discusses comparisons between the predicted and experimental results and how fuel composition can possibly impact NOx emissions.

scholarly journals Artificial Aging Experiments of Neat and Contaminated Engine Oil Samples

Lubricants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
András Lajos Nagy ◽  
Jan Rohde-Brandenburger ◽  
Ibolya Zsoldos
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Artificial Aging ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Total Base ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This study highlights how the results from an artificial engine oil aging method compare to used engine oil samples collected from a vehicle fleet. Additionally, this paper presents the effect of contaminating the oil during aging with synthetic fuel alternatives on the physical and chemical properties of artificially aged engine oil samples. A laboratory-scale artificial thermo-oxidative aging experiment was conducted on multiple samples of commercially available formulated fully-synthetic SAE 0W-30 engine oil. The goal of the experiment was to establish the validity of the artificially aged samples as well as the validity of the underlying process in reproducibly fabricating small batches of aged engine oil with comparable chemical and physical properties to real-life used oils. Eight samples were subjected to distinct load cases (temperature, air flow rate, sample volume and aging time). Six additional samples were subjected to an intermediate load case, with five of them contaminated with selected conventional fuels and novel automotive fuel candidates. Conventional oil analysis was conducted on each sample to determine oxidation, residual additive content, kinematic viscosity and total base number. Additionally, analysis results were compared to in-use engine oil samples through PCA. The resulting oil condition after aging is in accordance with independently published results in terms of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate content and kinematic viscosity. Contaminated aging with OME 3-5 resulted in a drop in antioxidant content and elevated kinematic viscosity. Based on the comparison with in-use samples, artificial aging of 200 mL engine oil at 180 °C with 1 L/min air flow for 96 h can produce similar oil conditions as mixed vehicle use for 7000 km.

scholarly journals Analysis of 0W-20 Totachi Brand Oil to Determine the Rate of Oil Deterioration

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Dana Hameed ◽  
Kameran Ali
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Fire Point ◽  
Oil Deterioration

Engine oil or lubricating oil has a major effect on the engine life and the proper operation of any engine. Changing the engine oil before it is due increases a customer’s cost. The lubricating oil in every engine performs many functions such as reducing friction, preventing corrosion, protecting the engine against wear, removing all impurities, lubricating the moving parts, and cooling the engine parts. There are several causes for the deterioration of lubricating oil, including the properties of the oil, oil quality, and high engine temperatures. Consequently, the deteriorated oil must be replaced at a specified mileage or at specific time intervals to get the best engine performance. It is very important to know when to change the oil, because changing the oil too late can affect the engine parts and vehicle performance. However, replacing the oil too early influences the economy and environment and is an inefficient use of depleting resources. This study describes the kinematic viscosity, flash point, and fire point of multigrade Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) 0W-20 Totachi (Totachi Industrial Co. Ltd., Japan) international brand oil, which has a 10,000 km guarantee and is approved by and used in 10 different vehicle brands, to determine the rate of deterioration of the parameters. These parameters are the most important physical behaviors of lubricating engine oils. Having information about these parameters is very important for maintaining an engine’s lifespan. The results of this study showed that after 10,000 km, the Totachi oil parameters such as the kinematic viscosity at cold start, at 40°C and at 100°C, the flash point, and the fire point decreased by 22.03%, 25.98%, 26.75%, 16.94% and 17.34%, respectively, from the base values, and that the oil is suitable to use for 10,000 km.

scholarly journals Definition of oil change intervals based on the analysis of selected physicochemical properties of used engine oils

2018 ◽  
Vol 172 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech GOŁĘBIOWSKI ◽  
Artur WOLAK ◽  
Grzegorz ZAJĄC
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Synthetic Oil ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Total Base ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Definition Of

The paper presents the results of a thorough analysis of selected physicochemical parameters of engine oils at the end of their useful life, based on the oil change intervals assumed by vehicle users. Twelve samples of used Castrol Edge 5W/30 synthetic oil and five samples of used Castrol Magnatec 10W/40 semi-synthetic oil were tested. The Eralyticss ERASPEC OIL device was used for the assessment of the following parameters: degree of oxidation, degree of nitration, degree of sulfonation, water content, glycol content, total base number (TBN), total acid number (TAN) and kinematic viscosity at 40°C and 100°C. The research was conducted on the basis of the ASTM E2412-10 standard. The results regarding the parameter limit exceedances have also been presented in the paper. For both synthetic and semi-synthetic oils, the exceedance of kinematic viscosity measured at 40°C was particularly striking. In fourteen samples (out of seventeen tested), at least one exceedance of the limit value (out of nine analyzed) has been observed.

The long-run stability of a small, open economy under crawling peg regime

2002 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
S. Çiftçioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Risk Premium ◽  
Small Open Economy ◽  
Exchange Rate Policy ◽  
Price Stability ◽  
Output Stability ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
The Impact

The paper analyses the long-run (steady-state) output and price stability of a small, open economy which adopts a “crawling-peg” type of exchange-rate regime in the presence of various kinds of random shocks. Analytical and simulation results suggest that with the exception of money demand shocks, an exchange rate policy which involves a relatively higher rate of indexation of the exchange rate to price level is likely to lead to the worsening of price stability for all types of shocks. On the other hand, the impact of adopting such a policy on output stability depends on the type of the shock; for policy shocks to the exchange rate and shocks to output demand, output stability is worsened whereas for the shocks to risk premium of domestic assets, supply price of domestic output and the wage rate, better output stability is achieved in the long run.

Impact of exchange rate and oil price on the yield of sovereign bond and sukuk: Evidence from Malaysian capital market

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Huda Arshad ◽  
Ruhaini Muda ◽  
Ismah Osman
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Sovereign Bond ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

This study analyses the impact of exchange rate and oil prices on the yield of sovereign bond and sukuk for Malaysian capital market. This study aims to ascertain the effect of weakening Malaysian Ringgit and declining of crude oil price on the fixed income investors in the emerging capital market. This study utilises daily time series data of Malaysian exchange rate, oil price and the yield of Malaysian sovereign bond and sukuk from year 2006 until 2015. The findings show that the weakening of exchange rate and oil prices contribute different impacts in the short and long run. In the short run, the exchange rate and oil prices does not have a direct relation with the yield of sovereign bond and sukuk. However, in the long run, the result reveals that there is a significant relationship between exchange rate and oil prices on the yield of sovereign bond and sukuk. It is evident that only a unidirectional causality relation is present between exchange rate and oil price towards selected yield of Malaysian sovereign bond and sukuk. This study provides numerical and empirical insights on issues relating to capital market that supports public authorities and private institutions on their decision and policymaking process.

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