scholarly journals Artificial Aging Experiments of Neat and Contaminated Engine Oil Samples

Lubricants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
András Lajos Nagy ◽  
Jan Rohde-Brandenburger ◽  
Ibolya Zsoldos
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Artificial Aging ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Total Base ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This study highlights how the results from an artificial engine oil aging method compare to used engine oil samples collected from a vehicle fleet. Additionally, this paper presents the effect of contaminating the oil during aging with synthetic fuel alternatives on the physical and chemical properties of artificially aged engine oil samples. A laboratory-scale artificial thermo-oxidative aging experiment was conducted on multiple samples of commercially available formulated fully-synthetic SAE 0W-30 engine oil. The goal of the experiment was to establish the validity of the artificially aged samples as well as the validity of the underlying process in reproducibly fabricating small batches of aged engine oil with comparable chemical and physical properties to real-life used oils. Eight samples were subjected to distinct load cases (temperature, air flow rate, sample volume and aging time). Six additional samples were subjected to an intermediate load case, with five of them contaminated with selected conventional fuels and novel automotive fuel candidates. Conventional oil analysis was conducted on each sample to determine oxidation, residual additive content, kinematic viscosity and total base number. Additionally, analysis results were compared to in-use engine oil samples through PCA. The resulting oil condition after aging is in accordance with independently published results in terms of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate content and kinematic viscosity. Contaminated aging with OME 3-5 resulted in a drop in antioxidant content and elevated kinematic viscosity. Based on the comparison with in-use samples, artificial aging of 200 mL engine oil at 180 °C with 1 L/min air flow for 96 h can produce similar oil conditions as mixed vehicle use for 7000 km.

scholarly journals Testing Engine Oil Specifications and Properties and its Effects on the Engines Maintenance and Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Motor Oils ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This paper presents the results of practical mechanical tests of motor oils, their specifications and characteristics and the effect of their physical and chemical properties on the performance of the engine. The performance of the engine has a strong relation with the engine oil type and efficiency. The degree of stability of oils properties is very important because if oil or lubricants lose their properties, mechanical and chemical excessive corrosion of the motor metals may occur. Consequently, damage occurs to one or more parts of the engine, thereby the system is breaking down where the cost of downtime is too expensive. It has been found that a higher viscosity value is not the optimum as it increases temperature and energy consumption due to frictional losses. The values required for viscosity is the ideals that gives the stable results regardless temperature variations under any conditions of operation, at which the power losses are minimal and the fuel economy is optimal.

Cogon Grass for Oil Sorption: Characterization and Sorption Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 359-364
Author(s):  
Shariff Ibrahim ◽  
Siti Noor Inani Binti Baharuddin ◽  
Borhanuddin Ariffin ◽  
Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat Hanafiah ◽  
Nesamalar Kantasamy
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Oil Sorption ◽  
Oil Retention ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica), an invasive, unwanted grass was used and evaluated for its applicability for the sorption of engine oil. Other than dried and ground for smaller size, no notable treatment was performed on the cogon grass. The physical and chemical properties of cogon grass were characterized by ash content, bulk density, pH slurry, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The oil sorption was performed in a batch adsorption system. The effects of contact time, dosage of adsorbent and oil retention were investigated. The bulk density and ash content of the prepared carbon was 0.34 g/ml and 7.80 %, respectively. The pH slurry value was near neutrality (6.48). FESEM micrograph of cogon grass showed jagged and rough surface. FTIR spectra revealed the presence of aromatic rings of lignin and some aromatic compounds associated with CH. Carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen (CHN) analysis revealed that 41% of cogon grass consists of carbon. The cogon grass was observed to wet oil almost instantly with sorption equilibrium time of 5 min. The dose of cogon grass was found to slightly affect the sorption capacity. Oil retention experiments reveal the good ability of cogon grass to hold oil with about 96% retention after 24 h dripping. This study may provide an insight on the usefulness of cogon grass for removal of engine oils.

scholarly journals Engineering technique for determining antifiction efficiency of emulsols for cold rolling by their physical and chemical properties

2018 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
J Vasilev ◽  
R Zamogilniy ◽  
D Samokysh
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
A Value ◽  
Engineering Technique ◽  
Washing Efficiency ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

An engineering technique was developed to determine the antifriction efficiency of emulsols during cold rolling according to their physicochemical properties. This method is based on the dimensionless exponent’s kсм, kвяз kэф and kотн.эф, taking into account, respectively, the influence of the chemical and physical properties of emulsols on the antifriction efficiency of the latter and the proposed dependencies for calculating rating of their antifriction efficiency. With the proposed method and criterion kотн.эф antifriction efficiency of 24 different emulsol it was investigated applied in cold rolling and the calculated rating antifriction their effectiveness. It is established that the high antifriction and washing efficiency of modern emulsols is achieved with a value of the kinematic viscosity of the latter at a level of 30-45 mm2/s and an increase in the saponification to 160-195 mg KOH/g.

scholarly journals Топологические аспекты триангулярных борных нанотрубок и альфа-борных нанотрубок

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S. Hemavathi ◽  
V. Lokesha ◽  
P.S. Reddy ◽  
R. Shruti
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Topological Graph ◽  
Graph Invariants ◽  
Zagreb Index ◽  
Total Point ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Modified Zagreb Index

Topological graph indices have been used in a lot of areas to study required properties of different objects such as atoms and molecules. Such indices have been described and studied by many mathematicians and chemists since most graphs are generated from molecules by replacing each atom with a vertex and each chemical bond with an edge. These indices are also topological graph invariants measuring several chemical, physical, biological, pharmacological, pharmaceutical, etc. properties of graphs corresponding to real life situations. The degree-based topological indices are used to correlate the physical and chemical properties of a molecule with its chemical structure. Boron nanotubular structures are high-interest materials due to the presence of multicenter bonds and have novel electronic properties. These materials have some important issues in nanodevice applications like mechanical and thermal stability. Therefore, they require theoretical studies on the other properties. In this paper, we compute the third Zagreb index, harmonic index, forgotten index, inverse sum index, modified Zagreb index and symmetric division deg index by applying subdivision and semi total point graph for boron triangular and boron-alpha nanotubes.

Comparing oil condition in diesel and gasoline engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1033-1039
Author(s):  
Adam Agocs ◽  
Serhiy Budnyk ◽  
Marcella Frauscher ◽  
Bettina Ronai ◽  
Charlotte Besser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Oil Degradation ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Maintenance Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Total Base ◽  
New Generation

Purpose This paper aims to compare the conditions of in-service oils from diesel and gasoline engines, with focus on nitration. Design/methodology/approach Oil conditions of seven engine oil samples from five diesel-fueled vehicles and nine oil samples from eight gasoline-fueled vehicles with total mileage ranging from 13,600 to 30,000 km were determined via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy as well as neutralization number (NN) and total base number titration. Findings Chemical deterioration was characterized by significant differences in oxidation, nitration, NN increase and residual aminic antioxidant contents. Social implications Submitted in connection with the Special Issue, “Young Tribologists – Insights into the work of the new generation”. Originality/value Uncovering differences in the oil degradation of oils from gasoline and diesel engines enables improved condition-based maintenance strategies and the prediction of oil condition dependent tribological performance.

scholarly journals Absorption Wavebands for Discriminating Oxidation Time of Engine Oil as Detected by FT-IR Spectroscopy

Lubricants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Abdul-Munaim ◽  
Torrey Holland ◽  
Poopalasingam Sivakumar ◽  
Dennis Watson
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Oxidation Time ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Total Base ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Thermal Oxidation Process ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to analyze gasoline engine oil (SAE 5W20) samples that were exposed to seven different oxidation times (0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, 120 h, and 144 h) to determine the best wavenumbers and wavenumber ranges for the discrimination of the oxidation times. The thermal oxidation process generated oil samples with varying total base number (TBN) levels. Each wavenumber (400–3900 cm−1) and wavenumber ranges identified from the literature and this study were statistically analyzed to determine which wavenumbers and wavenumber ranges could discriminate among all oxidation times. Linear regression was used with the best wavenumbers and wavenumber ranges to predict oxidation time.

scholarly journals UV-Visible Spectrophotometer for Distinguishing Oxidation Time of Engine Oil

Lubricants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Torrey Holland ◽  
Ali Mazin Abdul-Munaim ◽  
Christopher Mandrell ◽  
Robinson Karunanithy ◽  
Dennis G. Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Thermal Oxidation ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Oxidation Time ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Total Base ◽  
Uv Visible

Samples of gasoline engine oil (SAE 5W20) that had been exposed to various oxidation times were inspected with a UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer to select the best wavelengths and wavelength ranges for distinguishing oxidation times. Engine oil samples were subjected to different thermal oxidation periods of 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hours, resulting in a range of total base number (TBN) levels. Each wavelength (190.5–849.5 nm) and selected wavelength ranges were evaluated to determine the wavelength or wavelength ranges that could best distinguish among all oxidation times. The best wavelengths and wavelength ranges were analyzed with linear regression to determine the best wavelength or range to predict oxidation time.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Effect of Biodiesel B20 and B100 on the Degradation of Viscosity and Total Base Number of Lubricating Oil in Diesel Engines with Long-Term Operation Using ASTM D2896 and ASTM D445-06 Methods

Teknik ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
Jayan Sentanuhady ◽  
Akmal Irfan Majid ◽  
W. Prashida ◽  
W. Saputro ◽  
N. P. Gunawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Total Base ◽  
Rotary Speed ◽  
The Impact

Based on its characteristics, biodiesel has a higher density, viscosity, and acidity level than diesel fuel, so it has a disadvantages in terms of lubricants especially in the long run. The impact, it can decrease the kinematic viscosity of the lubricant, a decrease in the total base number, and the impact by decreased of the engine performance. This research aims to determine the characteristics of lubricants from the use of biodiesel (B20 and B100) related to the kinematic viscosity of lubricants and Total Base Number (TBN). The testing method were used ASTM D2896-15 and ASTM D445-06 standard. The study used two units Kubota RD 65 DI-NB diesel engines with a cylinder volume of 376 cc. The rotary speed of the machine was keep constant at 2200 rpm and were operated for 300 hours non-stop. Moreover, the sampled was carried out every multiple of 100 hours. Based on the research results, the quality of lubricants with B100 fuel is no better than lubricants with B20 fuel. B100-fueled lubricants have kinematic viscosity values at temperatures of 40 °C and 100 °C and has lower TBN values than B20-fueled lubricants.

scholarly journals The i̇nfluence of water on the change i̇n engi̇ne oi̇l quali̇ty i̇ndi̇cators

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-415
Author(s):  
S. V. Korneev ◽  
S. V. Pashukevich
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Indicator Elements

Introduction. One of the main types of deposits in an internal combustion engine is an emulsion or sludge formed by water, decomposition of fuel residues and solid residues. The sludge usually settles on the colder surfaces of the engine, such as the bottom of the crankcase pan, valve chambers and upper boards. The main problem is that this type of deposits can be collected by the engine oil and transferred to areas such as the oil pump, intake valve or oil channels, where the sludge can interfere with the flow of oil and cause a failure of the lubrication mode. In addition to the disruption in the operation of the above-mentioned systems, the engine oil quality indicators are also undergoing changes for the worse.Materials and methods. To monitor the condition of the engine oil, it is necessary to determine the characteristics of its performance, such as: kinematic viscosity at 40 oC and at 100 oC, acid number, base number and determine the number of elements – indicators of additives and wear products contained in the engine oil. The viscosity was determined using a Stabinger SVM 3000 viscometer. It measures the dynamic viscosity and density of oils and fuels in accordance with ASTM D7042 and automatically calculates the kinematic viscosity, viscosity index and outputs the measurement results. The acid and base numbers were determined using an automatic titrator TitroLine alpha plus, and the presence of indicator elements in engine oil using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer of the iCAP 7000 series, designed for analysis and determination of the number of indicator elements in liquid and solid samples.Results. The dynamics of changes in the performance characteristics of the Gazpromneft Diesel Ultra 10W-40 engine oil with an extended replacement interval, which is applicable for equipment operating in severe conditions, depending on the water content in the samples of this lubricant, was analyzed.Conclusion. The consequences that may occur due to water entering the engine oil are indicated.

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