scholarly journals Bacterial factors of mastitis in lactating women and its effect on the physical properties and chemical composition of breast milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Xu Shuyang ◽  
Yu Qiang
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Inflammatory Lesion ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Milk Sugar

Mastitis is a complication seen in some breastfeeding mothers and is the most common inflammatory lesion of the breast in breastfeeding mothers. In this complication, breast milk undergoes chemical and physical changes. It can lead to a drop in breastfeeding, weight loss, and, consequently, stunted growth of infants. Bacteria are the main cause of breast inflammation. Therefore, in this study, bacterial factors of mastitis were evaluated in lactating women. Also, their effects were considered on the physical properties and chemical composition of mothers' breast milk. For this purpose, 210 breastfeeding mothers referred to health centers were randomly selected, and their milk samples were collected. In addition to collecting mothers' demographic information by a questionnaire, the chemical composition (sugar, protein, and fat) and the physical properties (pH, density, and freezing temperature) of milk were measured. Bacterial evaluations were performed on the milk of these mothers by catalase test, coagulase test, and mannitol salt agar. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test, and T-test. The results showed that 56 mothers had mastitis, and Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were the main bacteria in the milk of these mastitis mothers. These bacteria caused physical and chemical changes in breast milk so that mothers with Staphylococcus aureus mastitis had less sugar in their milk, and mothers with coagulase-negative staphylococci had less protein in their milk. Therefore, Staphylococcus aureus may reduce milk sugar by consuming milk sugar, and coagulase-negative staphylococci may also target milk protein. But to confirm these results, a larger population of mothers with mastitis is needed. Further studies are also needed to prove this result.

scholarly journals Case Study: Misdiagnosis of Nonhemolytic Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Cases of Bovine Mastitis as Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Valerie E. Ryman ◽  
Felicia M. Kautz ◽  
Steve C. Nickerson
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Presumptive Identification ◽  
Microbiological Techniques

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most concerning mastitis-causing pathogens in dairy cattle. Using basic microbiological techniques, S. aureus is typically identified by colony characteristics and hemolysis on blood agar where isolates without hemolysis are typically considered to be coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolates. Herein, we present a decade-long case study where suspected S. aureus isolates from one Georgia dairy farm were further tested to confirm presumptive identification. Presumptive identification of bacterial growth from 222 mammary secretions from bred Holstein heifers and lactating cows was conducted at the time of collection. Presumptive identification of S. aureus on blood agar was based on observation of colony morphology, color, and presence or absence of a broad zone of incomplete hemolysis and a smaller zone of complete hemolysis at 48 h. Those without hemolysis were presumptively characterized as CNS. All isolates were further plated on mannitol salt agar and a coagulase test was performed. A positive for both of these tests together was deemed to be S. aureus. A selection of isolates was tested using API® Staph to biochemically confirm S. aureus identification. Data showed that 63.96% of isolates presumed to be CNS isolates were identified as S. aureus, 9.46% of isolates presumed to be CNS isolates were identified as coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) species (but not S. aureus), and 26.58% of samples that were presumed to be CNS isolates were identified correctly.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus: Prevalence among normal healthy individuals

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
D Finney ◽  
R Ranganathan ◽  
AKS Khan ◽  
J Shanmugam
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Carrier Status ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Hospital Infection Control

Background: To determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus among normal healthy individuals in relation to age, gender and site of isolation. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among healthy students and staff volunteers between the age group 15-65 years from Gulf Medical University (GMU) and Gulf Medical College Hospital and Research Centre (GMCH&RC), Ajman. Aseptically collected nasal and throat swabs were processed for direct Gram stain Microscopy and cultured on appropriate media. Based on the growth on Mannitol Salt Agar and tube coagulase test Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) were grouped. Results: Of the 127 voulnteers screened 67 were from GMU and 60 from GMCH&RC. From 49/127 (38.5%) volunteers 124 Staphylococci isolates were isolated. Of which 62 (50%) were Staphylococcus aureus and 62 (50%) were CoNS. Among the 62 Staphylococcus aureus 35 (56.45%) were from nasal swab and 27 (43.54%) were from throat swab. Of the 62 CoNS 44 (70.96%) were from nasal swab, 4 (6%) from throat swab and 14 (22.58%) were from both nasal and throat swabs. Conclusion: The study revealed the asymptomatic inhabitation of Staphyloccus aureus in the nose and throat of healthy individuals. This should be seriously looked into since this in future may lead to carrier status. This alarms the hospital infection control committee to screen students and staff on regular basis to minimize the carrier status to protect the community. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 02 | Number 02 | July-December 2013 | Page 160-164 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i2.8968  

scholarly journals Mannitol Fermenting Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Isolated From Diabetic Foot Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 6095-6101
Author(s):  
Samira Fattah Hamid ◽  
Aza Bahadeen Taha
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Diabetic Foot Infections

Detection of mannitol fermenting coagulase-negative staphylococci is frequently unnoticed when Staphylococcus aureus is screening in the laboratory. On the other hand, the emergence of coagulase-negative staphylococci as critical human pathogens need dependable methods for the identification of clinically significant coagulase-negative staphylococci to understand the epidemiology of infections caused by these bacteria. The study aimed to identify mannitol fermenting coagulase-negative staphylococci that assumed to be Staphylococcus aureus as they formed yellow colonies on Mannitol Salt agar plates. Samples were taken from eighty-four patients with diabetic foot infections. The specimen was cultured on Blood agar and Mannitol Salt agar. Mannitol fermenting coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates diagnosed through Vitek2 system then confirmed by detecting 16S rRNA gene and absence of the nuc gene. Antibiotic sensitivity and methicillin resistance were detected by Vitek2 system, then methicillin resistance was confirmed by Oxacillin Salt Agar Screen test and detection of the mecA gene. Out of 81 Staphylococcus isolated from foot and nose of diabetic foot patients, twenty isolates were mannitol fermenting coagulase-negative staphylococci, they related to following species; Staphylococcus haemolyticus, staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus galinarum and Staphylococcus saprophyticus). The majority of them (85%) were phenotypically methicillin-resistant and genotypically harbouring mecA gene. 80% were resistant to Erythromycin, 70% to Clindamycin, 35% to Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole, 30% to Gentamicin and Rifampicin, 15% to Levofloxacin and Teicoplanin. 30% expressed inducible clindamycin resistance.

scholarly journals Decolonization of Human Anterior Nares of Staphylococcus aureus with Use of a Glycerol Monolaurate Nonaqueous Gel

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Schlievert ◽  
Marnie L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Glycerol Monolaurate ◽  
Gel Treatment ◽  
Mupirocin Ointment ◽  
Nonaqueous Gel

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is a highly significant infection problem in health care centers, particularly after surgery. It has been shown that nearly 80% of S. aureus infections following surgery are the same as those in the anterior nares of patients, suggesting that the anterior nares is the source of the infection strain. This has led to the use of mupirocin ointment being applied nasally to reduce infections; mupirocin resistance is being observed. This study was undertaken to determine whether gel composed of 5% glycerol monolaurate solubilized in a glycol-based, nonaqueous gel (5% GML gel) could be used as an alternative. In our study, 40 healthy human volunteers swabbed their anterior nares for 3 days with the 5% GML gel. Prior to swabbing and 8 to 12 h after swabbing, S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcal CFU per milliliter were determined by plating the swabs on mannitol salt agar. Fourteen of the volunteers had S. aureus in their nares prior to 5% GML gel treatment, most persons with the organisms present in both nares; five had pure cultures of S. aureus. All participants without pure culture of S. aureus were cocolonized with S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Five of the S. aureus strains produced the superantigens commonly associated with toxic shock syndrome, though none of the participants became ill. For both S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci, the 5% GML gel treatment resulted in a 3-log-unit reduction in microorganisms. For S. aureus, the reduction persisted for 2 or 3 days. IMPORTANCE In this microflora study, we show that a 5% glycerol monolaurate nonaqueous gel is safe for use in the anterior nares. The gel was effective in reducing Staphylococcus aureus nasally, a highly significant hospital-associated pathogen. The gel may be a useful alternative or additive to mupirocin ointment for nasal use prior to surgery, noting that 80% of hospital-associated S. aureus infections are due to the same organism found in the nose. This gel also kills all enveloped viruses tested and should be considered for studies to reduce infection and transmission of coronaviruses and influenza viruses.

scholarly journals Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Contamination of Hands and Mobile Phones of Health Care Workers in a Health Care Setting: A Silent Threat

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
B.K. Sharma ◽  
S.M. Regmi ◽  
K. Sharma ◽  
K.R. Reddy ◽  
S. Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Bacillus Spp

Background: The extensive use of mobile phones in the hospital among health care workers (HCWs) can lead to infectious agents being transferred from one patient to another and thus serve as a vehicle in the transmission of nosocomial pathogens. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus auerus (MRSA) contamination of mobile phones and hands of HCWs in Gandaki Medical College and Teaching Hospital. Methods: The present study was hospital and laboratory based cross-sectional study, carried out from April, 2017 to December, 2017. A total of 100 mobile phone swab and 100 hand swab samples of HCWs were collected and cultured directly on MacConkey agar, blood agar, and mannitol salt agar after 24 hrs of enrichment. All the isolated organisms including MRSA were identified using standard microbiological techniques and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using disc diffusion technique. Results: Among the Gram positive isolates, frequency distribution from mobile phones showed the highest prevalence of coagulase negative Staphylococci (CONS) (34.69%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (20.41%), Bacillus spp (15.31%), Micrococci spp (11.23%), however considerable number of Diptheroides (8.16%), Enterococci (6.12%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (4.08%). Siimilarly from hand swabs CONS (39.62%), followed by S. aureus (26.42%), Bacillus spp (10.38%), Micrococci (11.32%), Enterococci (6.60%) and Diptheroids (5.66%) were isolated. The frequency of MRSA was 20%, 25% among mobile phones and hands of HCWs respectively. Drugs like Vancomycin, Amikacin, Clindamycin and Gentamycin were found quite effective against S. aureus in the present study and would be better options for the management of such infections. Conclusions: Mobile phones and hands of HCWs were the potential source of nosocomial infections including multidrug-resistant pathogens like methicillin-resistant S. aureus.

Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage in Medical Students of Universiti Teknologi MARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaini Mohd Zain ◽  
Muhammad Fikri Johari ◽  
Nurul Shahirah Mohd Husin ◽  
Nurul Syamimi Rozman ◽  
Athirah Ab Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Tissue Necrosis ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin

Introduction: To determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage and detection of S. aureus leukotoxins among medical students of Universiti Teknologi MARA. Methods: Both sides of the anterior nares of 136 volunteers, comprising 68 preclinical and 68 clinical medical students, were swabbed and immediately cultured onto mannitol salt agar for growth of S. aureus. Standard microbiological techniques were conducted to identify and confirm the S. aureus colonies and susceptibility test against oxacillin were conducted by using Kirby-Bauer method to determine their resistance to methicillin. Polymerase chain reaction was performed for detection of leukotoxins, i.e., Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) and -haemolysin genes. Results: Nineteen students (14%) consisting of 10 preclinical (14.7%) and 9 clinical (13.2%) were nasal carriers of S. aureus. However, none of the S. aureus isolates were MRSA. No PVL gene was detected but eight of them were positive for -haemolysin gene. Conclusion: There were no MRSA nasal carriers among the medical students, but a low prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriers was detected. These carriers do not pose as high risk because none of the strains of S. aureus possess both the -haemolysin toxin and the PVL toxin that are associated with tissue necrosis.

Quality analysis and prospects for use of lupin seeds of Belarusian selection

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Rukshan ◽  
Alena Navazhilova ◽  
Dmitry Kudin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Protein Food ◽  
Lupin Seeds

The paper investigates technological parameters of the quality of low-alkaloid lupin of five cultivars selected and grown in the Republic of Belarus during the years from 2007 to 2017. Prospects for the use of the obtained seeds have been studied. This study reveals great influence of cultivar and climatic conditions during growth of lupin seeds on correlation of anatomic parts in seeds as well as on their physical properties. Cultivar of lupin seeds Jan is recommended for whole grain flour and graded flour production based on its anatomic composition, uniformity and physical properties. A comparative analysis of chemical composition, quality parameters and technological properties of lupin flour has been done. The chemical composition of lupin flour, of whole grain lupin flour, in particular, has been found to be relatively low in starch, high in protein, food fibers, minerals and organic acids. As a result, whole grain lupin flour has been proved to have higher food value when compared to traditional wheat flour. This paper demonstrates the difference between lupin flour characteristics and those of wheat flour in terms of color, acidity, enzymatic activity and adsorbing properties. This study reveals the possibility of use of lupin flour in bakery products by substituting traditional types of flour with lupin flour at 10-30% levels, as well as by replacing egg products with lupin flour at 25-50% levels. The work highlights the use of lupin flour at the stages of dough kneading, dough preparation, foam and emulsion production mainly by using rapid dough making methods.Practical applicationsRecommendations have been made on the usage of lupin flour in the technological process of bakery products manufacturing, macaroni and flour confectionery products production.

NICROFER 5520 Co

Alloy Digest ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Temperature Corrosion ◽  
Creep Properties ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract NICROFER 5520 Co is a nickel-chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloy with excellent strength and creep properties up to high temperatures. Due to its balanced chemical composition the alloy shows outstanding resistance to high temperature corrosion in the form of oxidation and carburization. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-480. Producer or source: VDM Technologies Corporation.

BÖHLER W403 VMR

Alloy Digest ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Diffusion Annealing ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Böhler (or Boehler) W403 VMR is a tool steel with outstanding properties, based not only on a modified chemical composition, but on the selection of highly clean raw materials for melting, remelting under vacuum (VMF), optimized diffusion annealing, and a special heat treatment. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming and heat treating. Filing Code: TS-721. Producer or source: Böhler Edelstahl GmbH.

Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils of Three Medicinal Plants from Algerian Semi-Arid Climatic Zone

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (S1) ◽  
pp. S155-S163 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mehalaine ◽  
O. Belfadel ◽  
T. Menasria ◽  
A. Messaili
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Thymus Algeriensis

The present study was carried out to determine, for the first time, the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils derived from the aerial parts of three aromatic plants Thymus algeriensis Boiss & Reut, Rosmarinus officinalis L., and Salvia officinalis L. growing under semiarid conditions. The essential oils were chemically analyzed and identified by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and their antimicrobial activity was individually evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using both agar disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. The major constituents of Thymus algeriensis essential oil were identified as camphor (13.62%), 1,8-cineol (6.00%), borneol (5.74%), viridiflorol (4.00%), and linalool (3.93%). For Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil, 48 compounds were characterized, of which the main constituents were camphor (17.09%), Z-β-ocimene (10.88%), isoborneol (9.68%), α-bisabolol (7.89%), and borneol (5.11%). While, Salvia officinalis essential oil was characterized by β-thujone (16.44%), followed by viridiflorol (10.93%), camphor (8.99%), 1,8-cineol (8.11%), trans-caryophyllene (5.85%), and α-humulene (4.69%) as the major components. Notably, results from antibacterial screening indicated that Thymus algeriensis and Salvia officinalis essential oils exhibited a strong inhibitory effect against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus compared to Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil. Further, less activity was recorded against Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the three tested essential oils.

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