scholarly journals Pharmacological activity and biochemical interaction of zingerone: a flavour additive in spice food

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Chandra Sahoo ◽  
Suprava Sahoo ◽  
Sanghamitra Nayak ◽  
Basudeba Kar
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Molecular Regulation ◽  
Crystalline Solid ◽  
Cell Cycle Protein ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Phenolic Ring ◽  
Biochemical Interaction ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Solid Form

Zingerone (4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone) is one of the non-volatile and nontoxic compounds of ginger. It is also called vanillylacetone with a crystalline solid form which is sparingly soluble in water and more soluble in ether. The contribution of this compound in ginger is about 9.25%. The chemical structure is made of a phenolic ring with methoxy group attached to benzene ring. Gingerol can be heated to form zingerone by retroaldol reaction. It has been reported that zingerone has multiple pharmacological activities. It is effective against diarrhoea causing enterotoxigenic bacteria that leads to infant death. It is also used against intestinal gastric, oxidative stress, weak immunity, obesity. During its activity against cancer, it governs the expression of different cell cycle protein and TGF-?1 expression. Antioxidant response is controlled by inducing the activity of ROS neutralising enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase. It can also reduce various inflammations by restricting the activity of interleukins. This review summarizes the multiple pharmacology activities of zingerone against various important diseases like cancers, tumors, inflammations, oxidative conditions, microbial infections, biofilm formations, thrombosis and other diseases. In addition, the molecular regulation of these pharmacological responses by zingerone is also critically discussed.

Ethnopharmacology, pharmacological activities, and chemistry of the Hypericum genus

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Omambia Mokoro Vincent ◽  
◽  
Joseph Mwanzia Nguta ◽  
Eric Simon Mitema ◽  
Fredrick Mutie Musila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Safety Studies ◽  
Hypericum Species

There are over 500 species in the Hypericum genus worldwide. Crude extracts from Hypericum species have been reported in folkloric medicine as analgesics, anthelmintics, astringents, antidepressants, diuretics, and anti-inflammatories. The current review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of local uses, pharmacological activities, and phytochemical composition of different extracts generated from Hypericum species. The review data was collected via literature search from Google, Google Scholar, Medline, Pubmed, Mendeley, Science Direct, Chemical Abstracts, Web of Science, and Scopus. The most studied of the entire Hypericum genus is H. perforatum, approved to manage mild depression. Other species that have been reported to have ethnomedicinal value are H. erectum, H. monogynum, H. attenuatum, H. japonicum, H. beanii, H. monantheum, H. wightianum, H. scabrum, H. monogynum, H. monogynum, H. geminiflorum, H. ascyron, H. seniawinii, H. elodeoides, H. petiolulatum, H. wightianum, H. hengshanense, H. japonicum, and H. revolutum. Over 900 phytochemicals have been isolated from the Hypericum genus plant species, mostly phenolics, and terpenoids. Studies have been carried out to validate the ethnopharmacological use of extracts from Hypericum species against depression, cancer, inflammation, and microbial infections. There are limited safety studies involving medicinal plants from the Hypericum genus; however,further investigations on toxic effects, phytochemical composition, and biological activities are necessary to validate the medicinal uses of plant species of the Hypericum genus empirically. The present article reviews ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and toxicology of the Hypericum genus, which several communities have used to treat various conditions.

scholarly journals An Appropriate Scheme of Some Substituted Oxamides with Distinct Pharmacological Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Crystalline Solid ◽  
Pharmacological Activities

An appropriate scheme has been developed for the blend of monothio-oxamides by the reaction of chloroacetamide’s with a previously formulated solution of elemental sulfur in amines. Oxalic acid derivatives and heterocyclic compounds were synthesized from the monothio-oxamides obtained. Oxamide is the organic compound with the formula (CONH2)2. This white crystalline solid is soluble in ethanol, slightly soluble in water and insoluble in diethyl ether. Oxamide is the diamide derived from oxalic acid.

scholarly journals Systematic Study of the Behavior of Different Metal and Metal-Containing Particles under the Microwave Irradiation and Transformation of Nanoscale and Microscale Morphology

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Pentsak ◽  
Vera Cherepanova ◽  
Mikhail Sinayskiy ◽  
Andrey Samokhin ◽  
Valentine Ananikov
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Nanoscale Particles ◽  
Catalytic Materials ◽  
Solid Form

In recent years, the application of microwave (MW) irradiation has played an increasingly important role in the synthesis and development of high performance nanoscale catalytic systems. However, the interaction of microwave irradiation with solid catalytic materials and nanosized structures remains a poorly studied topic. In this paper we carried out a systematic study of changes in morphology under the influence of microwave irradiation on nanoscale particles of various metals and composite particles, including oxides, carbides, and neat metal systems. All systems were studied in the native solid form without a solvent added. Intensive absorption of microwave radiation was observed for many samples, which in turn resulted in strong heating of the samples and changes in their chemical structure and morphology. A comparison of two very popular catalytic materials—metal particles (M) and supported metal on carbon (M/C) systems—revealed a principal difference in their behavior under microwave irradiation. The presence of carbon support influences the heating mechanism; the interaction of substances with the support during the heating is largely determined by heat transfer from the carbon. Etching of the carbon surface, involving the formation of trenches and pits on the surface of the carbon support, were observed for various types of the investigated nanoparticles.

Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Carica papaya Plant: A Compendious Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manpreet Kaur ◽  
Naveen Chandra Talniya ◽  
Seema Sahrawat ◽  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
Elena E. Stashenko
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses

Medicinal properties of papaya (Carica papaya Linn.) fruit and other parts are wellknown in the traditional system of medicine. Papaya plant originated in Central America and now grown in tropical areas of worldwide, most particularly in Africa and Asia. Studies validate that, papaya has several pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, antiulcer, antibacterial, woundhealing, anti-inflammatory and anti-sickling, just to name a few. The present review article provides the explicit and updated information on botanical aspects, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of C. papaya plant in order to explore their therapeutic potential. This review conducted a systematic search on C. papaya through electronic database search (Google Scholar, PubMed, SciFinder, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science) and a library search for articles published in peer-reviewed journals, until January of 2018. Constituents of papaya plant belongs to different chemical classes that include alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, tannin, vitamins, quinones, minerals and others. Experimental evidence confirmed that these classes of compounds cure the microbial infections, diabetes, inflammatory, cytotoxic and liver disorders. Conclusively, the present review aimed to summarize the information of ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities to prevent and treat the wide range of diseases and disorders. The future research draws the attention of the researcher for intensive investigations relating to phytochemicals, pharmacological activities and industrial applications.

Resveratrol and other Stilbenes: Effects on Dysregulated Gene Expression in Cancers and Novel Delivery Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palmiro Poltronieri ◽  
Baojun Xu ◽  
Giovanna Giovinazzo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Biochemical Interaction ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Resveratrol Analogs ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Novel Delivery Systems

: Trans-resveratrol (RESV), pterostilbene, trans-piceid and trans-viniferins are bioactive stilbenes present in grapes and other plants. Several groups applied biotechnology to introduce their synthesis in plant crops. Biochemical interaction with enzymes, regulation of non-coding RNAs, and activation of signaling pathways and transcription factors are among the main effects described in literature. However, solubility in ethanol, short half-life, metabolism by gut bacteria, make difficult to achieve the concentration responsible for the effects observed in cultured cells. Derivatives obtained by synthesis, trans-resveratrol analogs and methoxylated stilbenes show to be more stable and allow the synthesis of bioactive compounds with higher bioavailability. However, changes in chemical structure may require testing for toxicity. Thus, delivery of RESV and its natural analogs incorporated into liposomes or nanoparticles, is the best choice to ensure stability during administration and appropriate absorption. The application of -RESV and its derivatives with anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity is presented with description of novel clinical trials.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties ofGymnema sylvestre: An Important Medicinal Plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragya Tiwari ◽  
B. N. Mishra ◽  
Neelam S. Sangwan
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Triterpene Saponins ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Distinct Property ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Gymnema sylvestre(Asclepiadaceae), popularly known as “gurmar” for its distinct property as sugar destroyer, is a reputed herb in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. The phytoconstituents responsible for sweet suppression activity includes triterpene saponins known as gymnemic acids, gymnemasaponins, and a polypeptide, gurmarin. The herb exhibits a broad range of therapeutic effects as an effective natural remedy for diabetes, besides being used for arthritis, diuretic, anemia, osteoporosis, hypercholesterolemia, cardiopathy, asthma, constipation, microbial infections, indigestion, and anti-inflammatory.G. sylvestrehas good prospects in the treatment of diabetes as it shows positive effects on blood sugar homeostasis, controls sugar cravings, and promotes regeneration of pancreas. The herbal extract is used in dietary supplements since it reduces body weight, blood cholesterol, and triglyceride levels and holds great prospects in dietary as well as pharmacological applications. This review explores the transition of a traditional therapeutic to a modern contemporary medication with an overview of phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the herb and its phytoconstituents.

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF DIPHENYLETHYLPIPERAZINE DERIVATIVES

1981 ◽  
pp. 399-401
Author(s):  
H. Nakamura ◽  
K. Natsuka ◽  
S. Motoyoshi ◽  
Y. Yokoyama ◽  
K. Ishii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Pharmacological Activities
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