SEX WORKERS LIVED EXPERIENCES OF STIGMA IN NAIROBI, KENYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 319-337
Author(s):  
MOSES MUTUA MUTISO ◽  
ERIC MASESE ◽  
JAMIN MASINDE
Keyword(s):  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Direct Sampling ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Face ◽  
To Come ◽  
Emic Perspective

Since immemorial sex work has been viewed as immoral in the society that we live in. This has made those who practise it to experience something traumatic in their life.  Although sex work has been viewed by sex workers as a livelihood still the negative connotation associated with it has never faded. Similarly, studies on the stigma surrounding sex work industry are well documented and easily recognized worldwide. However, few studies examine the emic perspective of stigma among sex workers more so in Kenya.  In the face of stigma, it makes sex workers adopt various strategies as a way of shading the stigma as they earn their livelihood. Using stigma narratives from 28 respondents practicing sex work, selected using purposive, snowball and direct sampling techniques, this paper shows sex work as a livelihood to sex workers and they use various means to sustain it despite the stigma they face in their everyday life. This ambiguity is evidenced by the strategies that sex workers use in resisting the perception of their work as immoral and evil and at the same time trying to (re)negotiate their threatened identity due to stigma within the larger community they live in. This paper then argues that stigma still remains a major social problem among those practising sex work despite the various constructions on sex work. This is evidenced from stigma narratives where the sex workers in Kenya are subject to various stigmatizing forces in their daily lives in their interactions with the family/relatives, neighbours, religious institutions, law enforcers, and health providers. These stigmas harm the sex workers’ health, both through apparent manifestations such as physical or verbal abuse and through subtler means such as those which generated or perpetuated vulnerability which then compel the sex workers to come with personal individualized ways or collective ways of dealing with stigma. To come up with development of interventions that may reduce stigma, it is important to understand the ways in which sex workers are stigmatized (manifestations of stigma), as well as who is doing the stigmatizing (sources of stigma) and its solution should be pegged on the various sources of stigma.

scholarly journals Inovasi Pemuda Dalam Mendukung Ketahanan Ekonomi Keluarga (Studi Kasus Pada Kampung Warna-Warni Kelurahan Jodipan, Kecamatan Blimbing, Kota Malang)

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prisca Kiki Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Communicative Action ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
The Family ◽  
Innovation Product ◽  
The Face ◽  
To Come

ABSTRACTThis study aims to (1) analyze the youth innovation of Muhammadiyah  University of Malang student named Guys Pro in changing the slump area of RW 2 Jodipan Village; (2) analyze the youth innovation product that is vivid village of Jodipan in supporting the family economic security. This study used qualitative approach with descriptive data display. This study was discussed by Habermas’ theory of communicative action and theory of family security. This study showed that the innovation of Guys Pro have changed the image of slump in Jodipan village and replace the face of village to be vivid village. The vivid village became a pilot project of tourism village in Malang. Promotion was given continually by the online and offline media which was attracting the visitor interest to come. Their visits contribute various opportunities for people to serve the needs of visitiors. Recently, they become the home entrepreneurs. In addition the mothers (ibu-ibu) PKK also participate in managing the vivid village. The image changing as a tourism village in Malang support the economic welfare of family for people of RW 2, Jodipan.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis inovasi pemuda mahasiswa Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang yang tergabung kelompok Guys Pro dalam merubah image kumuh RW 02 Kelurahan Jodipan; (2) menganalisis produk inovasi pemuda yakni Kampung Warna Warni Jodipan (KWJ) dalam mendukung ketahanan ekonomi keluarga. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan pemaparan data secara deskriptif. Pembahasan dalam penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan teori tindakan komunikatif Jurgen Habermas dan teori ketahanan keluarga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inovasi Guys Pro merubah image kumuh di RW 02 Kelurahan Jodipan dengan menciptakan Kampung Warna-Warni. Kampung Warna-Warni Jodipan menjadi pilot project kampung wisata di Kota Malang. Promosi yang dilakukan secara terus-menerus melalui online dan offline menarik minat pengunjung untuk mengunjungi KWJ. Kunjungan wisatawan memberikan peluang bagi masyarakat untuk menyediakan barang dan jasa yang dibutuhkan oleh pengunjung. Saat ini sebagian besar masyarakat Jodipan berwirausaha di rumah masing-masing. Selain itu, ibu-ibu PKK di RW 02 Kelurahan Jodipan berpartisipasi dalam memanajemen wisata KWJ. Perubahan image KWJ sebagai kampung wisata di Kota Malang mendukung kesejahteraan ekonomi keluarga bagi warga RW 02 Kelurahan Jodipan.

scholarly journals Queer Theory, Sex Work, and Foucault’s Unreason

2017 ◽  
pp. 141-166
Author(s):  
Brooke M. Beloso
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Queer Theory ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Worker Rights ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Field Of Inquiry

During the late nineties, leading voices of the sex worker rights movement began to publicly question queer theory’s virtual silence on the subject of prostitution and sex work. However, this attempt by sex workers to “come out of the closet” into the larger queer theoretical community has thus far failed to bring much attention to sex work as an explicitly queer issue. Refusing the obvious conclusion—that queer theory’s silence on sex work somehow proves its insignificance to this field of inquiry—I trace in Foucault’s oeuvre signs of an alternate (albeit differently) queer genealogy of prostitution and sex work. Both challenging and responding to long-standing debates about prostitution within feminist theory, I offer a new queer genealogy of sex work that aims to move beyond the rigid oppositions that continue to divide theorists of sexuality and gender. Focusing specifically on History of Madness (1961), Discipline and Punish (1975), and History of Sexuality Volume I (1976), I make the case for an alternate genealogy of sex work that takes seriously both the historical construction of prostitution and the lived experience of contemporary sex workers.

scholarly journals “Disadvantaged in the American-dominated internet”:Sex, Work, and Technology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Barwulor ◽  
Allison McDonald ◽  
Eszter Hargittai ◽  
Elissa Redmiles
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Online Spaces ◽  
The Face ◽  
Business Needs ◽  
Internet Sex

How do people in a precarious profession leverage technology to grow their business and improve their quality of life? Sex workers sit at the intersection of multiple marginalized identities and makeup a sizable workforce: the UN estimates that at least 42 million sex workers are conducting business across the globe. Yet, little research has examined how well technology fulfills sex workers’ business needs in the face of unique social, political, legal, and safety constraints.We present interviews with 29 sex workers in Germany and Switzerland where such work is legal, offering a first HCI perspective on this population’s use of technology. While our participants demonstrate savvy navigation of online spaces, sex workers encounter frustrating barriers due to anAmerican-dominated internet that enforces puritan values globally. Our findings raise concerns about digital discrimination against sex workers and suggest concrete directions for the design of more inclusive technology.

scholarly journals The Chemsex ‘Consent Ladder’ in Male Sex Work: Perspectives of Health Providers on Derailment and Empowerment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Belinda Brooks-Gordon ◽  
Euan Ebbitt
Keyword(s):  
Sex Work ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Male Sex Work ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Sex With Men

Sexualized substance use or ‘chemsex’ is a key element in the syndemic of violence and infection in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. Chemsex is more prolific amongst men who have sex with men but is also associated with high risk behaviours that can negatively impact on health and wellbeing in heterosexual, bisexual men and women, and in homosexual women too. This qualitative study investigated perceptions and experiences of chemsex, motivations, cisgender male sex work, consent, economic exploitation, and ways to address and reduce harms. We conducted semi-structured interviews with health care providers and their clients—including sex workers and their customers (n = 14) between the ages of 28 and 46 years following a purposive sampling strategy. Interview topics included perceptions and experiences of chemsex use, reasons for drug use and chemsex, and proposals to address harms associated with chemsex in the UK. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded, and analysed using Grounded Theory. The findings revealed a stepwise process of chemsex use in a ‘ladder of consent’, whereby the process starts with willing participation that is both highly pleasurable and controllable. Sexual polydrug activity often descended in rungs so that lines of consent became blurred, and even broken, resulting in physical detriment and financial exploitation. Strategies for elevation back up the consent ladder also emerged. The findings clarify the conditions of willing participation, the stepwise relationship to exploitation, and the support strategies that help re-empower individuals whose lives get taken over by chemsex, including peer-to-peer support, poly-centres, and smartphone apps to climb back up the consent ladder to improve the health, safety, and social rights of sex workers.

scholarly journals Resiliensi Keluarga ‘Teroris” Dalam Menghadapi Stigma Negatif Masyarakat & Diskriminasi

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muslim Hidayat ◽  
◽  
Sabiqotul Husna
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Face ◽  
Difficult Situations

This research focused on the ability and strength of "terrorist" families in dealing with certain condition and problem after their family member was arrested as terrorist. This problem and certain condition arose due to the fact that one of their family members becomes a suspect in a criminal act of terrorism. This study particularly explored the family dynamics in dealing with problems, reactions from surrounding communities, local government actions, both negative stigma, as well as positive support from community, discrimination and the resilience of terrorist families. The method used in this study was qualitative method specifically using the phenomenological tradition by exploring the subject experience. Subjects or informants in this study were individuals who have specific background (having family member who was arrested as terrorist) and people who know about these events. The purpose of this study is to obtain an overview with the dynamics of psychological problems and resilience of terrorist families in the face of pressure, prejudice, negative stigma and possible discrimination from society, and to describe it as a research report from the perspective of the terrorist suspect's family. Collecting data in this study was done through in depth interview for the primary data and observation for secondary data. The result of this study showed a picture of the terrorist family with the dynamics of psychological problems in facing negative stigma and discrimination experienced in their daily lives. This can be used as an illustration of family resilience in facing problems and difficult situations

scholarly journals Re-framing the prostitute identity in Zimbabwe: An approach to Virginia Phiri’s novel Highway queen (2010)

Literator ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Nyambi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Female Agency ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Cultural Texts ◽  
Work Affect ◽  
Female Sex Work

In Zimbabwe, as in most traditionally conservative, patriarchal and Christian dominated countries, female sex work is abhorred on moral grounds as an unbecoming means of livelihood which takes away the practising woman’s social respectability. In such societies, then, the moral threat and stigma associated with female sex work affect women’s decisions on whether or not to take up sex work as a permanent means of livelihood. One can, however, ask how sustainable and stable these patriarchally constructed notions of morality and female identity are, especially in the face of crises? This article uses Virginia Phiri’s novel Highway queen, which is set in one of Zimbabwe’s economically tumultuous eras, to demonstrate how cultural texts grapple with the discourse of female sex work in contemporary Zimbabwe. The gist of my argument is that dominant prostitute identity constructs shaped by Zimbabwe’s patriarchal social and economic system are unstable. I find that the novel Highway queen manipulates such instability not only to re-inscribe sex work as a product of patriarchal impairment of female agency but, perhaps more importantly, to reflect on how women who are forced by circumstances to become sex workers can rise above their passive victimhood to achieve personal goals despite the social odds charted by patriarchy. Zooming in on the representation of the daily experiences of the female sex worker and protagonist, Sophie, the article explores the various ways in which the novel deconstructs stereotypical perceptions of female sex work and sex workers. The analysis ends with the argument that, whilst Sophie’s situation is fundamentally tragic, it affectively appeals to our sense of morality in a way which destabilises dominant (patriarchal) constructs of sex work.

Religion, Second Modernity and Individualization in Japan

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-144
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Porcu
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Societal Structure ◽  
Second Modernity ◽  
To Come ◽  
Radical Shift

AbstractDrawing on the theory of second modernity and individualization postulated by Ulrich Beck and his colleagues, Japanese sociologists have noted that a radical shift in Japan’s societal structure and modes has occurred since the mid-1990s, when institutions that had so far maintained a stable social order and integrated society started to collapse (Suzuki et al. 2010). In this context, religion too has no longer been able to provide stability and support to individuals, and its role in public life has been reduced. One of the most cited consequences has been the lack of trust in religious institutions that has led individuals to sever their ties with them. This has affected religious organizations dependent on traditional family ties, in particular Buddhist temples. Against this backdrop, this paper reflects on how some recent outreach activities carried out by religious institutions in contemporary Japan are the result of a crucial transformation of their configurations and structure rather than a representation of the same old patterns in new clothes. To this end, the paper focuses on the attempts made by the resident priest of an urban temple to come to terms with conditions proper to second modernity, where uncertainties and “risks” have replaced stability and security, and categories such as the family and religion have been destabilized.

scholarly journals Sex workers are returning to work and require enhanced support in the face of COVID-19: results from a longitudinal analysis of online sex work activity and a content analysis of safer sex work guidelines

Sexual Health ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denton Callander ◽  
Étienne Meunier ◽  
Ryan DeVeau ◽  
Christian Grov ◽  
Basil Donovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Virtual Work ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Returning To Work ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies

Sex workers confront unique challenges in the face of COVID-19. Data from an international sex work website popular with cisgender men and transgender men and women suggest that, after a period of physical distancing, many sex workers are returning to in-person work: from May to August 2020, active sex work profiles increased 9.4% (P < 0.001) and newly created profiles increased by 35.6% (P < 0.001). Analysis of sex work and COVID-19 guidelines published by five community-based organisations found that they focused on altering sexual practices, enhancing hygiene and pivoting to virtual work. To capitalise on these guidelines, funding and research for implementation and evaluation are needed to support COVID-19 risk reduction strategies for sex workers.

Murder with Impunity: The Construction of Arab Masculinities and Honor Crimes

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
May Abu Jaber
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One ◽  
Male Authority ◽  
Cultural Networks ◽  
Gender Specific

Violence against women (VAW) continues to exist as a pervasive, structural,systematic, and institutionalized violation of women’s basic human rights (UNDivision of Advancement for Women, 2006). It cuts across the boundaries of age, race, class, education, and religion which affect women of all ages and all backgrounds in every corner of the world. Such violence is used to control and subjugate women by instilling a sense of insecurity that keeps them “bound to the home, economically exploited and socially suppressed” (Mathu, 2008, p. 65). It is estimated that one out of every five women worldwide will be abused during her lifetime with rates reaching up to 70 percent in some countries (WHO, 2005). Whether this abuse is perpetrated by the state and its agents, by family members, or even by strangers, VAW is closely related to the regulation of sexuality in a gender specific (patriarchal) manner. This regulation is, on the one hand, maintained through the implementation of strict cultural, communal, and religious norms, and on the other hand, through particular legal measures that sustain these norms. Therefore, religious institutions, the media, the family/tribe, cultural networks, and the legal system continually disciplinewomen’s sexuality and punish those women (and in some instances men) who have transgressed or allegedly contravened the social boundaries of ‘appropriateness’ as delineated by each society. Such women/men may include lesbians/gays, women who appear ‘too masculine’ or men who appear ‘too feminine,’ women who try to exercise their rights freely or men who do not assert their rights as ‘real men’ should, women/men who have been sexually assaulted or raped, and women/men who challenge male/older male authority.

Mansfield Park

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Austen ◽  
Jane Stabler
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Mansfield Park ◽  
Sexual Jealousy ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face

‘Me!’ cried Fanny … ‘Indeed you must excuse me. I could not act any thing if you were to give me the world. No, indeed, I cannot act.’ At the age of ten, Fanny Price leaves the poverty of her Portsmouth home to be brought up among the family of her wealthy uncle, Sir Thomas Bertram, in the chilly grandeur of Mansfield Park. There she accepts her lowly status, and gradually falls in love with her cousin Edmund. When the dazzling and sophisticated Henry and Mary Crawford arrive, Fanny watches as her cousins become embroiled in rivalry and sexual jealousy. As the company starts to rehearse a play by way of entertainment, Fanny struggles to retain her independence in the face of the Crawfords’ dangerous attractions; and when Henry turns his attentions to her, the drama really begins… This new edition does full justice to Austen’s complex and subtle story, placing it in its Regency context and elucidating the theatrical background that pervades the novel.

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