scholarly journals Efektywność komunikowania a efektywność porozumiewania się

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldemar Domachowski
Keyword(s):  
Communication Process ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Nominal Scale ◽  
Communication Models ◽  
Per Se

This article aims at describing the evidence for the efficacy of communication. The author differentiates effectiveness and efficacy of communication, as well as communication per se and communication with each other. He argues that there can be no discussion about the efficacy of communication without establishing its effectiveness. A communication process can be ineffective either when there is no recipient of the communicate or when the message is not received due to, for example, a noise. Even though the effectiveness can be measured using a nominal scale, the efficacy requires at least an ordinal scale. The author bases his conclusions on the theory of communication models, intentionality and, proposed by him, “a constant species”.

A Dialogic Communication Model for Advertising

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulnara Karimova
Keyword(s):  
Communication Process ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Cybernetic Model ◽  
Dialogic Communication ◽  
Space Factor ◽  
Communication Models ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Dialogic Relationships ◽  
Advertising Communication

Taking A Cybernetic Model for Advertising proposed by Chris Miles (2007) as its starting point, this paper argues that the principles of dialogic relationships should be applied to the construction of advertising communication models. A dialogic model for advertising looks at self/other relationships within the advertising system through the Bakhtinian perspective of dialogic relationships. Taking into account the time/space factor, a dialogic model provides explanation of how various actors communicate in the advertising system. The paper considers the concept of control and examines how it influences the communication process between different actors. It argues that none of the actors involved in communication can have dominating and permanent control over the message creation process. Furthermore, it shows that in communication, there is no transmission, but only co-creation of the message.

scholarly journals The genesis of Russian electoral PR: issue of periodization

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 756-765
Author(s):  
Marina G. Shilina ◽  
Igor E. Mintusov
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Communication Models ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

In modern Russia, the electoral PR practices make up a significant share in the national public relations structure but have not been systematically studied until now. The directions of communication activities, the object-subject area, as well as the problems of genesis, which is the basis of research in each subject area, have not been systematically studied yet. The research problem is determined by the lack of sufficient novelty and specificity of empirical material, the lack of significant theoretical and methodological foundations and concepts. For the first time in the Russian scientific discourse, the paper presents the definition of electoral PR as a communication process and determines the features of its genesis from the late 1980s to 2014 in the Russian public relations formation context. On the basis of the structural-functional and model approaches, the characteristics, structure, models, messages, functions, and parameters of electoral PR institutionalization are fixed. For the first time, the paper presents the elements, the new subjects of the electoral PR communication models in the Russian Federation. The proposed author's PR periodization methodology is relevant for the electoral public relations periodization as well. The legal regulation of the electoral process as one of the basic conditions for the transformation and periodization of electoral PR is mentioned. The revealed characteristics of the genesis of Russian electoral PR make it possible to record the incompleteness of the process of its institutionalization by the mid-2010s. The presented methodological grounds for studying elective public relations seem to be basic for further research in this area.

scholarly journals Communication Models in Contemporary Art

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Rugilė Navickaitė
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Body Language ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Communication Models

The object of research is the communication features of contemporary art. The aim is to reveal these features based on a review of the literature. The paper discusses the concept of communication in contemporary art; describes the characteristics of contemporary art as a medium; defines communication models in contemporary art. Communication and its features are manifested in many fields, one of which is art. To discuss the concept of communication in contemporary art, the levels of verbal and nonverbal communication are distinguished. Image forms, colours, lighting, lines, motifs, body language, sound, as well as the written or unwritten language of verbal communication about a work of art, can serve to recognise the communicative properties of a work of art. Types of intrapersonal and public and mass communication are applied, communication process models are based.

An Analysis of English Demonstration Classroom Discourse

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Zou
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Classroom Discourse ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Classroom Communication ◽  
Classroom Discourse Analysis ◽  
Communication Models ◽  
Semiotic Theory

AbstractFrom the perspective of cultural semiotic theory, Lotman divided the dynamic communication process within a semiosphere into five stages: contact, selection, internalization, integration and transmission. This process contains two communication models: the“I-YOU” communication model and the“I-I” communication model (the autocommunication model). This paper brings Lotman’s cultural semiotic theory into the field of classroom discourse analysis and recommends treating the classroom as a semiosphere. By investigating the dynamic communication process between the teacher and the students in the classroom semiosphere, this paper attempts to reveal the inner dynamics of classroom communication as well as the functions of classroom discourse in different communication models. It is found that the communication process in the classroom semiosphere should be seen as dynamic and inter-subjective. Finally, it confirms the significance of the autocommunication model for the construction and generation of students’ knowledge.

scholarly journals Model Komunikasi Penegak Hukum dalam Ruang Persidangan di Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
Aan Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
District Court ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Ethnography Of Communication ◽  
Communication Models ◽  
Communication Events ◽  
Communication Method ◽  
The Law ◽  
Legal Advisor

The trial is one of the communication contexts in law enforcement. The process of law enforcement through trials contains aspects of messages, communicators, and purpose of communication as well as the unique communication events, which seen from the language and the communication process. The purpose of this study is to map the communication models for law enforcement in court as part of the law enforcement process. The approach used is qualitative research with ethnography of communication method. Data was obtained from participatory observation, interviews with informants, and document analysis in the Central Jakarta District Court. The result showed that the roles, interests, goals, and types of communication actors distinguished communication events in the trials. Communication actors as law enforcers at the trials consist of Judges, Public Prosecutors, and Legal Advisors who are interacting and communicating with each other. Interaction and communication in the trials in the study of communication ethnography theory developed communication models. The communication models are: (1) The law enforcement communication model in the courtroom consists of the communication of the judges, the communication model of the prosecutor, and the legal advisor communication model; (2) Communication model among law enforcers in the courtroom.

Chinese EFL Learners’ Public Speaking Skills: An Investigation of Impromptu Speeches at the “FLTRP Cup” English Speaking Contest in the Light of Communication Models

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Lei ◽  
Fan Weiwei ◽  
Huang Di
Keyword(s):  
Public Speaking ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Cd Rom ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Communication Models ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Abstract Words ◽  
Speaking Skills

AbstractThe current study applied classic communication models to investigating 34 laureate impromptu speeches at the 2010 and 2011 “FLTRP (Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press) Cup” English Speaking Contest, one of the most influential of its kind in China, to identify the features of public speaking skills of Advanced Chinese EFL learners. The speech scripts and video excerpts from the subsequent manuscript collection with the CD-Rom published by FLTRP were studied. Lucas’ framework of speech communication process was borrowed to bridge elements of the communication models and speech delivery process. Three key aspects of the speakers’ encoding endeavors were under close examination: the verbal preferences, the non-verbal preferences, and the topic selection for exemplification. It was found that successful speakers demonstrated a clear and strong audience orientation. They chose more first person pronouns, fewer abstract words, a controlled number of dependent clauses, clear transition words, and limited figures of speech. They used very few verbal fillers, slips of tongue, a moderate speech rate and varied tone inflections. The speakers also showed distinctive features in gestures, eye contact and facial expressions. They employed anecdotes which shared a common field of experience. Pedagogical implications on the teaching of public speaking were discussed.

scholarly journals Transcending the Digital Divide: Video Use Communication Models for the English Language Learning Classroom

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Terrill Reid McLain
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
English Language Learning ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
English Class ◽  
Communication Models ◽  
Video Use

With the development of web 2.0 tools, many companies are rushing to meet the demand and create attractive and useful Educational Technology (EdTech) that appeal to instructors to implement in their classes. Many of these tools include video services that are available to everyone with a connected device. ESL Instructors also look for new and engaging activities and techniques to help their students L2 confidence and language practice. Research shows that video is a powerful and useful tool for educators to boost language learning in the classroom. When deciding to implement video in the classroom, it is essential to understand the different attributes that students experience surrounding the consumption, the creation, and interaction with video. To effectively implement video in the English class it is also necessary to understand how videos replicate elements of the communication process to determine what kind of—if any—interaction will take place. Once the attributes are understood, and the communication model is chosen, teachers can select a tool that fits their pedagogical practice and logistical situation. This paper explores the justification and use categories of video in the context of English language learning, introduces the idea of Video Use Communication Models to help instructors choose a tool that will align with their pedagogical goals, and advocate the promotion of video solutions that allow affordable and available access for an English teacher who wants to use video.  

Origin of Hepatic Nuclear Inclusion Bodies

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 426-427
Author(s):  
F. G. Zaki ◽  
J. A. Greenlee ◽  
C. H. Keysser
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Storage Disease ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Nuclear Inclusion ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Human Liver Cells ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Experimental Liver

Nuclear inclusion bodies seen in human liver cells may appear in light microscopy as deposits of fat or glycogen resulting from various diseases such as diabetes, hepatitis, cholestasis or glycogen storage disease. These deposits have been also encountered in experimental liver injury and in our animals subjected to nutritional deficiencies, drug intoxication and hepatocarcinogens. Sometimes these deposits fail to demonstrate the presence of fat or glycogen and show PAS negative reaction. Such deposits are considered as viral products.Electron microscopic studies of these nuclei revealed that such inclusion bodies were not products of the nucleus per se but were mere segments of endoplasmic reticulum trapped inside invaginating nuclei (Fig. 1-3).

The Eleventh Circuit Holds that Agreements in which Pharmaceutical Companies Pay Generic Companies Not to Compete May be Valid

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
Amy Garrigues
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Patent Holder ◽  
Trial Court ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
The Us ◽  
Antitrust Laws ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Appeals Court ◽  
Two Sides

On September 15, 2003, the US. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit held that agreements between pharmaceutical and generic companies not to compete are not per se unlawful if these agreements do not expand the existing exclusionary right of a patent. The Valley DrugCo.v.Geneva Pharmaceuticals decision emphasizes that the nature of a patent gives the patent holder exclusive rights, and if an agreement merely confirms that exclusivity, then it is not per se unlawful. With this holding, the appeals court reversed the decision of the trial court, which held that agreements under which competitors are paid to stay out of the market are per se violations of the antitrust laws. An examination of the Valley Drugtrial and appeals court decisions sheds light on the two sides of an emerging legal debate concerning the validity of pay-not-to-compete agreements, and more broadly, on the appropriate balance between the seemingly competing interests of patent and antitrust laws.

Fusion and Fission Processes in Exocytosis: Possible Roles for Synexin and Osmotic Lysis in the Two Events

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 594-597
Author(s):  
H.B. Pollard ◽  
C.E. Creutz ◽  
C.J. Pazoles ◽  
J.H. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Extracellular Calcium ◽  
Large Protein ◽  
Granule Membrane ◽  
Osmotic Lysis ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Chemical Evidence

Exocytosis is a general concept describing secretion of enzymes, hormones and transmitters that are otherwise sequestered in intracellular granules. Chemical evidence for this concept was first gathered from studies on chromaffin cells in perfused adrenal glands, in which it was found that granule contents, including both large protein and small molecules such as adrenaline and ATP, were released together while the granule membrane was retained in the cell. A number of exhaustive reviews of this early work have been published and are summarized in Reference 1. The critical experiments demonstrating the importance of extracellular calcium for exocytosis per se were also first performed in this system (2,3), further indicating the substantial service given by chromaffin cells to those interested in secretory phenomena over the years.

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