Temporal Differences in the Role of Marketing Communication in New Product Categories

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridhar Narayanan ◽  
Puneet Manchanda ◽  
Pradeep K. Chintagunta
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
New Product ◽  
Random Coefficients ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Temporal Differences

The authors investigate the changing role of marketing communication over the life cycle of a new product category. They postulate two effects of marketing communication on consumers' choices: an “indirect effect” through reduction of uncertainty about product quality and a “direct effect” (i.e., more is better). The authors expect that the indirect effect is relatively larger in the early, postlaunch stages. They develop a structural model of demand that allows for such temporal differences in the roles of marketing communication. They use a random coefficients discrete choice model with a Bayesian learning process to model physician learning about new drugs and market-level data for the prescription antihistamines category. They find that marketing communication has a primarily indirect effect 6–14 months after introduction but that the direct effect subsequently dominates. The results suggest that firms should follow a pattern of heavier communication at the introduction phase followed by lower levels.

scholarly journals FLOW EXPERIENCE AND CONSUMERS’ WILLINGNESS TO PAY IN ONLINE MASS CUSTOMIZATION PROCESSES

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Mass Customization ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Flow Experience ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Design Experience

This research aims to identify the effects of perceived product value and flow experience during product design on willingness to pay (WTP) and purchase probability in online mass customization. The participants were asked to design shoes to their taste in a custom shoe website. After the design experience, the participants were asked to complete the questionnaire. The analyses suggest that flow experience has a direct effect on consumers’ WTP and an indirect effect on purchase probability through the mediating role of perceived value of mass customized products. Furthermore, perceived value of a mass customized product has a significant effect on purchase probability and no effect on WTP found in the analyses.

scholarly journals How to Attract Physicians to Underserved Areas? Policy Recommendations from a Structural Model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J M Costa ◽  
Letícia Nunes ◽  
Fábio Miessi Sanches
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Random Coefficients ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Set Up

This paper exploits location choices of all generalist physicians graduated in Brazil between 2001 and 2013 to study policies aiming at increasing the supply of physicians in underserved areas. We set up and estimate a supply and demand model for physicians. We estimate physicians' locational preferences using a random coefficients discrete choice model. The demand has private establishments competing for physicians with private and public facilities around the country. Policy counterfactuals indicate that quotas in medical schools for students born in underserved areas and the opening of vacancies in medical schools in deprived areas are more cost-effective than financial incentives.

Effect of coworker ostracism on newcomer socialization: A self-control perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Pan Liu ◽  
Yihua Zhang ◽  
Mingyu Zhang ◽  
Wen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Proactive Personality ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Strength Model ◽  
Newcomer Socialization ◽  
Workplace Ostracism ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Practical Implications

Researchers have consistently reported the negative role of workplace ostracism, and the importance of newcomers to an organization. However, none have examined the effect of coworker ostracism on newcomer socialization. Drawing on the strength model of self-control, we empirically tested the effect of coworker ostracism on newcomer socialization via the mediator of state self-control. Participants were 155 matched supervisor–subordinate dyads. Results show that coworker ostracism toward newcomers was negatively related to newcomer socialization and that this relationship was mediated by state self-control. Further, the direct effect of coworker ostracism on state self-control and the indirect effect of coworker ostracism on newcomer socialization were moderated by proactive personality. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Marital status and suicidal ideation among Australian older adults: the mediating role of sense of belonging – CORRIGENDUM

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne McLaren ◽  
Rapson Gomez ◽  
Peter Gill ◽  
Jessica Chesler
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model

The authors regret errors in the reporting of the confidence intervals in the Results section. In relation to the first simple mediation model, the sentence “In this analysis, the β (95% CI) values of the direct effect and indirect effect of marital status on sense of belonging were 1.32 (−2.70, −0.05) and 0.72 (−1.43, −0.01), respectively.” Should read: “In this analysis, the β (95% CI) values of the direct effect and indirect effect of marital status on sense of belonging were 1.32 (−2.70, 0.05) and 0.72 (−1.43, 0.01), respectively.” In relation to the hypothesized mediation model, the sentence “The β (95% CI) values of the direct effect and indirect effect of marital status on suicidal ideation were 0.19 (−0.06, −0.43) and 0.22 (0.11, −0.35), respectively” should read: “The β (95% CI) values of the direct effect and indirect effect of marital status on suicidal ideation were 0.19 (−0.06, 0.43) and 0.22 (0.11, 0.35), respectively.” In relation to the moderated mediation model, the text “The relation between marital status and sense of belonging was significant for men as its bootstrapped 95% CI did not include zero (0.20, −0.67). In contrast, this relation was not significant for women as its bootstrapped 95% CI included zero (−0.03, −0.25)” should read: “The relation between marital status and sense of belonging was significant for men as its bootstrapped 95% CI did not include zero (0.20, 0.67). In contrast, this relation was not significant for women as its bootstrapped 95% CI included zero (−0.03, 0.25).”

scholarly journals Modeling the Effect of Family Atmosphere, School Atmosphere, and Social Support on Aggressiveness and Addiction Preparedness Among Students: The Mediating Role of Extroversion

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 365-374
Author(s):  
Zohre Shahriari Shaghaghi ◽  
◽  
Afsaneh Ghanbaripanah ◽  
Parisa Tajalli ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Family

Background: The increased rates of aggression and drug abuse among students are considered an important health issue. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the emotional atmosphere of the family, the school climate, perceived social support, aggressive behavior, and preparedness for addiction among students, considering the mediating role of extroversion. Methods: This research used the analytical-correlative method. Also, the statistical population included all high school students in Tehran, during the academic year of 2017-2018. Results: The school environment had a significant direct effect on the preparedness for addiction. Besides, we identified the indirect effect of the school environment on irregular drug addiction. The hypothesized model showed the full effect and the nonsignificant direct effect of perceived social support on aggressive behavior. Moreover, there was a significant indirect effect between perceived social support and aggressive behavior. However, there was no direct or indirect effect between perceived social support and preparedness for addiction and the existence of extroversion’s mediating function. Conclusion: Thus, teachers and school administrators are recommended to discuss the psychological environment of the family, the school atmosphere, and perceived social support.

scholarly journals Structural Model of Spiritual Intelligence and Productivity with the Mediating Role of Work Conscience among Yazd Education Organization Employees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mohammad Ghane Ezabadi ◽  
Fahimeh Dehghani ◽  
Ahmad Zandvanian Naini
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Education Organization

Introduction: Improvement of productivity is one of the most important aims of organizations. Employees and managers play a central role in enhancing the organization's productivity. Therefore, it is important to consider the effective factors on improving it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of work conscience in the relationship between employees' spiritual intelligence and productivity. Method: The research design was cross-sectional and correlational. The participants included 248 employees of the Yazd Education Organization (8 managers, 60 deputies, and 180 employees) selected by proportional stratified sampling method. Data were collected using Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire (King, 2008), Work Conscience Questionnaire (Barrick & Mount, 1991), and Productivity Questionnaire (Hersey & Goldsmith, 1983). Data analysis was performed using correlation method based on the structural equation modeling approach using AMOS software version 24. Results: The analysis showed that the model has a suitable fit to data. The  direct effect of spiritual intelligence on work conscience (0.58) and the direct effect of work conscience on productivity (0.51) were positive and significant. However, the direct effect of spiritual intelligence on productivity was not significant; so, it was omitted from the model. Moreover, the result of bootstrap test indicated a significant and indirect effect of spiritual intelligence on productivity by mediating the role of work conscience. Conclusion: It can be concluded that managers of organizations can increase their working conscience by enhancing the spiritual intelligence of their employees and achieve more productivity.

scholarly journals Applied causal inference methods for sequential mediators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Zugna ◽  
Maja Popovic ◽  
Barbara Heude ◽  
Francesca Fasanelli ◽  
Ghislaine Scelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Reproductive Outcomes ◽  
Causal Pathway ◽  
Small Joint ◽  
Inference Methods ◽  
Imputation Approach

Abstract Background: Mediation analysis aims at estimating to what extent the effect of an exposure on an outcome is explained by a set of mediators on the causal pathway between the exposure and the outcome. The total effect of the exposure on the outcome can be decomposed into an indirect effect, i.e. the effect explained by the mediators jointly, and a direct effect, i.e. the effect unexplained by the mediators. However finer decompositions are possible in presence of independent or sequential mediators. Methods: We review four statistical methods to analyse multiple sequential mediators , the inverse odds ratio weighting approach, the inverse probability weighting approach, the imputation approach and the extended imputation approach. These approaches are compared and implemented using a case-study with the aim to investigate the role of adverse reproductive outcomes and infant respiratory infections on infant wheezing in the Ninfea birth cohort. Results: Using the inverse odds ratio weighting approach, the direct effect of maternal depression or anxiety in pregnancy is equal to a 59% (95% CI: 27%-94%) increased prevalence of infant wheezing and the mediated effect through adverse reproductive outcomes is equal to a 3% (95% CI:-6%-12%) increased prevalence of infant wheezing. When including infant lower respiratory infections in the mediation pathway, the direct effect decreases to 57% (95% CI: 25%-92%) and the indirect effect increases to 5% (95% CI:-5%,15%). The estimates of the effects obtained using the weighting and the imputation approaches are similar. The extended imputation approach suggests that the small joint indirect effect through adverse reproductive outcomes and lower respiratory infections is due entirely to the contribution of infant lower respiratory infections, independently from the increased prevalence of adverse reproductive outcomes. Conclusions: The use of these methods allows the study of multiple mechanisms underlying the association between an exposure and an outcome and provides a solution for the problem of intermediate confounding by considering the intermediate confounder as a sequential mediator. The choice of the method may depend on what is the effect of main interest, the nature of the variables involved in the analysis and the truthfulness of the underlying assumptions.

scholarly journals Meaning in Life Mediates Between Emotional Deregulation and Eating Disorders Psychopathology: A Research From the Meaning-Making Model of Eating Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose H. Marco ◽  
Montserrat Cañabate ◽  
Cristina Martinez ◽  
Rosa M. Baños ◽  
Verónica Guillen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Depression Symptoms

Emotional dysregulation, age, gender, and obesity are transdiagnostic risk factors for the development and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs). Previous studies found that patients with ED had less meaning in life than the non-clinical population, and that meaning in life acted as a buffer in the course of ED; however, to the data, there are no studies about the mediator role of meaning in life in association between the emotional dysregulation and the ED psychopathology.Objective: To analyze the mediating role of meaning in life in the relationship between emotional dysregulation and the ED psychopathology in three samples with diverse risk factors for ED.Method: Sample 1, n = 153 undergraduate young women; sample 2, n = 122 participants with obesity; and sample 3, n = 292 participants with ED. Multiple mediation analysis was performed.Results: Sample 1: meaning in life showed a mediation effect between emotional dysregulation and the ED psychopathology (direct effect β = 0.390, p < 0.05) (indirect effect β = 0.227, p < 0.05), body satisfaction (direct effect β = −0.017, p < 0.05) (indirect effect β = −0.013, p < 0.01), and depression symptoms (direct effect β = 1.112, p < 0.001) (indirect effect β = 0.414, p < 0.001); sample 2: meaning in life showed a mediation effect between emotional dysregulation and binge eating and purging behaviors (direct effect β = 0.194, p < 0.01) (indirect effect β = 0.054, p < 0.05) and depression symptoms (direct effect β = 0.357, p < 0.001) (indirect effect β = 0.063, p < 0.05); sample 3: meaning in life showed a mediation effect between emotional dysregulation and the ED psychopathology (direct effect β = 0.884, p < 0.001) (indirect effect β = 0.252, p < 0.007), body satisfaction (direct effect β = −0.033, p < 0.05) (indirect effect β = −0.021, p < 0.001), borderline symptoms (direct effect β = 0.040, p < 0.001) (indirect effect β = 0.025, p < 0.001), and hopelessness (direct effect β = 0.211, p < 0.001) (indirect effect β = 0.087, p < 0.001).Conclusions: These studies suggest the importance of considering meaning in life as a variable in the onset and maintenance of ED.

Mediating Role of Relationship Attributions and Marital Forgiveness on the Relationship between Neuroticism, Attachment Styles and Marital Satisfaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zabihollah Kaveh Farsani
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Family Counselors ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Marital Forgiveness ◽  
The Relationship

Aim: This research investigates mediating role of relationship attributions and marital forgiveness on the relationship between neuroticism, attachment styles and marital satisfaction. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational and used path analysis. Total of 240 male and females were selected among all married males and females in Shahrekord city using purposive sampling method according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. They responded to Quality of Marital Index (Norton), Relationship Attribution Measurement (Fincham & Bradbury), the Neuroticism Subscale (Costa & McCrae), Behavioual Systems Questionnaire (Furman & Wehner), Experiences in Close Relationship (Wei & et al), and Interpersonal Forgiving in Close Relationships (McCullough, & et al.). Findings: The results showed that evaluated structural model had good fit. The relationship attributions, marital forgiveness, neuroticism, attachment styles directly affected the marital satisfaction (p<0.001); also indirect effect of attachment styles through relationship attributions and marital forgiveness on marital satisfaction (p<0.001). Finally, indirect effect of neuroticism of through only marital forgiveness on marital satisfaction. Conclusion: Family counselors and psychologists should help couples whose lives have faced difficulties because of and/or attachment styles (avoidance) to eliminate distorted cognitions and promote forgiveness among them.

scholarly journals The Role of Collaboration Breadth Attributes in Research Project and Innovation: The Example of National Funded Projects in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1362
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Yang (Alamo) ◽  
Yanmei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Innovation Output ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Research Resources

Collaboration is regarded as an effective approach to improve the efficiency of research resources and reduce risks in innovation activities. Collaboration breadth is an important feature of collaborative extent. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse its role between R&D subsidy and innovation and to explore its direct and indirect ties to innovation. The paper is based on government-funded research projects, and the results show that R&D subsidy and collaboration breadth of organizations have positive direct effect on innovation output. Meanwhile, R&D subsidy has positive effect to collaboration breadth. However, the linkage of collaboration breadth of researchers on innovation output is uncertainty. That is, the direct effect is positive, while the indirect effect is negative. It may suggest that collaboration breadth of researchers and innovation output may be affected by other factors, such as knowledge sharing or diffusion. Our contribution is to extend the theory of collaboration breadth and to suggest discussion of the role of knowledge in collaboration breadth.

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