scholarly journals Influence of Aluminium Alloy Anodizing and Casting Methods on Structure and Functional Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 1337-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Konieczny ◽  
K. Labisz ◽  
M. Polok-Rubiniec ◽  
A. Włodarczyk-Fligier
Keyword(s):  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Anodic Treatment

Abstract This paper presents the influence of casting method and anodic treatment parameters on thickness and structure of an anodic layer formed on aluminium alloys. As test materials was used the aluminium alloy AlSi9Cu3, which was adopted to the casting process and anodic treatment. In this paper are presented the wear test results and metallographic examination, as well as hardness of non-anodised and anodised alloys subjected to anodising process. The investigations were performed using light and electron microscopy (AFM) for the microstructure determination. The morphology and size of the layer was also possible to determine. The anodising conditions for surface hardening and its influence on properties was analysed. The structure of the surface laser tray changes in a way, that there is a different thickness of the produced layer. The aluminium samples were examined in terms of metallography using the optical microscope with different image techniques as well as light microscope. Improving the anodization technology with appliance of different anodising conditions. Some other investigation should be performed in the future, but the knowledge found in this research concerning the proper process parameters for each type of alloy shows an interesting investigation direction. The combination of metallographic investigation for cast aluminium alloys – including electron microscope investigation – and anodising parameters makes the investigation very attractive for automobile industry, aviation industry, and others, where aluminium alloys plays an important role.

scholarly journals Comparative HAZ softening analysis of three different automotive aluminium alloys by physical simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Singh Pratap ◽  
Judit Kovácsb
Keyword(s):  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Physical Simulation ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Automotive Application ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Gleeble 3500

The development of high strength aluminium alloy has revolutionized the automotive industry with innovative manufacturing and technological process to provide high-performance components, weight reduction and also diversified the application field and design consideration for the automotive parts that work under severe conditions, but the selection of proper production parameters is most challenging task to get excellent results. Growing industrial demand of aluminium alloys led to the development of new welding technologies, processes and studies of various parameters effects for its intended purposes. The microstructural changes lead to loss of hardening and thereby mechanical strength in the HAZ welded joint even though the base materials are heat treatable and precipitation hardened. So, our goal is to analyse HAZ softening and analyse the sub-zones as a function of the parameter. In this paper, the influence of weld heat cycle on the heat-affected zone (HAZ) is physically simulated for Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (TIG) using Gleeble 3500 thermomechanical simulator for three different automotive aluminium alloy (AA5754-H22, AA6082-T6 & AA7075-T6) plate of 1 mm thickness. In order to simulate the sub-zones of the heat-affected zone, samples were heated to four different HAZ peak temperatures (550 °C, 440 °C, 380 °C and 280 °C), two linear heat input (100 J/mm and 200 J/mm) by the application of Rykalin 2D model. A series of experiments were performed to understand the behaviour, which make it possible to measure the objective data on the basis of the obtained image of the aluminium alloys tested with heat-affected zone tests in a Gleeble 3500 physical simulator. The main objective is to achieve the weldability of three different automotive aluminium alloys and their comparison based on the welding parameters like heat input. Further, the investigation of HAZ softening and microstructure of the specimens were tested and analysed using Vicker's hardness test and optical microscope respectively. The paper focuses on HAZ softening analysis of different grades of aluminium alloys for automotive application.

Effect of Erbium Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy

2019 ◽  
Vol 796 ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosli Ahmad ◽  
N.A. Wahab ◽  
S. Hasan ◽  
Z. Harun ◽  
M.M. Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Unmodified Alloy ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
A380 Alloy

The effect of rare earth metal erbium (Er) modification on the microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminium alloys (A380) were investigated using Optical Microscope (OM), Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) attached with Electron Dispersive Scanning (EDS), Vicker’s hardness test and Ultimate Tensile Test (UTS). The results show that the addition of Er reduces the size of the silicon particle and improve mechanical properties of the aluminium alloy. In addition, by adding 0.1 wt. % of Er, the mean area (μm2) and aspect ratio value decreased. The coarse plate like existed in the unmodified alloy transformed into fine particle and short rod. The mechanical properties were investigated by using tensile test and Vicker’s hardness test. The ultimate tensile strength test shows that the tensile and the elongation increased 1.32 % and 9.1 % with 0.1 wt. % Er content of the aluminium alloys, respectively. The hardness improved from the addition of 0.1% Er aluminium A380 alloy.

Corrosion Behaviour of the Anodised A356 Aluminium Alloy Produced by the Rheo-High Pressure Die Casting Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 1019 ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levy Chauke ◽  
Kalenda Mutombo ◽  
Gonasagren Govender
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Die Casting ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
High Pressure Die Casting ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Pressure Die Casting ◽  
A356 Aluminium Alloy

<span><p>Semi-solid metal forming of aluminium alloys has demonstrated the capability to produce near net shaped high integrity components. Anodising of these components for aesthetic and/or improved corrosion resistance is specified by some designers or users of this technology. The corrosion behaviour of fully anodised and partially anodised A356 aluminium alloy plates produced using the CSIR Rheo-High Pressure Die Casting (CSIR-RHPDC) process was investigated using immersion testing in a 3.5% NaCl solution with pH = 7. Optical microscope equipped with image analysis software and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to evaluate the behaviour of the corroded samples. The fully anodised sample showed that the anodised surface displayed some surface degradation. This degradation was more severe on the anodised surface with surface liquid segregation (SLS), but provided sufficient protection to prevent corrosion of the base metal. The partially anodised sample showed severe corrosion of the based metal with the corrosion concentrated in the silicon rich eutectic and SLS regions.</p> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;" face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </span>

scholarly journals Variation in Composition of Aluminium Alloy Al6463 on Wear Characteristics and Compressive Strength

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-364
Author(s):  
Amardeepak Mahadikar ◽  
Elliriki Mamatha ◽  
Sanjeeva Murthy ◽  
Narayana B. Doddapattar
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Natural Form ◽  
Wear Characteristics

Aluminium is one of the widely used metals in industrial sector owing to its specific features and its commercial production started in late 19th century. In its natural form it is combined with oxygen and other elements and is the third most abundant metal in the earth’s crust. It can be machined easily and has a Face Centred Cubic (FCC) structure. Aluminium alloys are an attractive alternative to ferrous materials for tribological applications due to their low density and high thermal conductivity. The microstructure of aluminium alloys can be modified and mechanical properties can be improved by alloying, cold working and heat treatment. The present work mainly focuses on the study of the effect of variation in composition on the wear characteristics and compressive strength of aluminium alloy Al6463 by varying the compositions of the two major alloying elements, Magnesium (Mg) and Silicon (Si) in the alloy. Four specimens of the aluminium alloy Al6463 are prepared each for Magnesium composition varying b/w (0.5 to 0.875%) and Silicon composition varying b/w (0.2 to 0.575%). Wear and compression tests were carried out as per ASTM standard. The results of the wear test indicate that the least wear rate was obtained for specimens of 0.750% Mg and 0.575% Si composition of the alloy Al6463 at a higher load of 1.5 kg. Also, the compression test results indicate that the specimens with 0.750% Mg and 0.575% Si compositions of the alloy Al6463 exhibit better compressive strength.

scholarly journals Effects of Homogenization Conditions on the Microstructure Evolution of Aluminium Alloy EN AW 8006

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Maja Vončina ◽  
Kristijan Kresnik ◽  
Darja Volšak ◽  
Jožef Medved
Keyword(s):  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Thermodynamic Simulation ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Energy Dispersion Spectrometer ◽  
Thermo Calc Software ◽  
Equilibrium Solidification ◽  
Equilibrium Phases ◽  
Non Equilibrium

The industrial production of products, such as foil and aluminium alloy strips, begins with the production of semi-finished products in the form of slabs. These are produced by the continuous casting process, which is quick and does not allow the equilibrium conditions of solidification. Non-homogeneity—such as micro and macro segregation, non-equilibrium phases and microstructural constituents, as well as stresses arising during non-equilibrium solidification—are eliminated by means of homogenization annealing. In this way, a number of technological difficulties in the further processing of semi-finished products can be avoided. The aim of this research was the optimization of the homogenization annealing of the EN AW 8006 alloy. With the Thermo-Calc software, a thermodynamic simulation of equilibrium and non-equilibrium solidification was performed. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed on selected samples in as-cast state and after various regimes of homogenization annealing and was used for the simulation of homogenization annealing. Using an optical microscope (OM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an energy dispersion spectrometer (EDS), the microstructure of the samples was examined. Based on the results, it was concluded that homogenization annealing has already taken place after 8 h at 580 °C to the extent, that the material is then suitable for further processing.

scholarly journals Effect of Solidification Rates at Sand Casting on the Mechanical Joinability of a Cast Aluminium Alloy

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1304
Author(s):  
Moritz Neuser ◽  
Olexandr Grydin ◽  
Anatolii Andreiev ◽  
Mirko Schaper
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Sand Casting ◽  
Minimum Thickness ◽  
Cast Aluminium ◽  
Microstructure Parameters ◽  
Alloys Of The Al

Implementing the concept of mixed construction in modern automotive engineering requires the joining of sheet metal or extruded profiles with cast components made from different materials. As weight reduction is desired, these cast components are usually made from high-strength aluminium alloys of the Al-Si (Mn, Mg) system, which have limited weldability. The mechanical joinability of the cast components depends on their ductility, which is influenced by the microstructure. High-strength cast aluminium alloys have relatively low ductility, which leads to cracking of the joints. This limits the range of applications for cast aluminium alloys. In this study, an aluminium alloy of the Al-Si system AlSi9 is used to investigate relationships between solidification conditions during the sand casting process, microstructure, mechanical properties, and joinability. The demonstrator is a stepped plate with a minimum thickness of 2.0 mm and a maximum thickness of 4.0 mm, whereas the thickness difference between neighbour steps amounts to 0.5 mm. During casting trials, the solidification rates for different plate steps were measured. The microscopic investigations reveal a correlation between solidification rates and microstructure parameters such as secondary dendrite arm spacing. Furthermore, mechanical properties and the mechanical joinability are investigated.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Plasticity Response for Reciprocating Sliding Wear Test of Ti-6Al-4V under Variables Number of Cycles

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 168-172
Author(s):  
D. Harun ◽  
D. Nalatambi ◽  
Ramdziah Md. Nasir ◽  
Abdul Latif Mohd Tobi
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Track ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Reciprocating Sliding ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Reciprocating Sliding Wear

Reciprocating sliding wear test of uncoated titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V is investigated using pin-on-flat contact arrangement of Ti-6Al-4V/Ti-6Al-4V pair under variable number of cycles at low number of cycles. The worn surfaces of the titanium alloy specimens were analyzed with the use of optical microscope (2D and 3D OM) and Vickers Hardness analysis was carried on. The pattern of the wear scar characteristics determined and the finding at the end of wear track had been focus through the presence at the end of wear track. It is suggesting an evidence of plastic deformation with the increasing in hardness value. The increase in hardness value at the end of wear track indicates increase in the plastic deformation with increasing number of cycles.

scholarly journals Homogenisation Efficiency Assessed with Microstructure Analysis and Hardness Measurements in the EN AW 2011 Aluminium Alloy

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1211
Author(s):  
Maja Vončina ◽  
Aleš Nagode ◽  
Jožef Medved ◽  
Irena Paulin ◽  
Borut Žužek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Phase Equilibrium ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Phase Formation ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Eutectic Phase ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Equilibrium Solidification ◽  
Homogenisation Process

When extruding the casted rods from EN AW 2011 aluminium alloys, not only their homogenized structure, but also their extrudable properties were significantly influenced by the hardness of the alloy. In this study, the object of investigations was the EN AW 2011 aluminium alloy, and the effect of homogenisation time on hardness was investigated. First, homogenisation was carried out at 520 °C for different times, imitating industrial conditions. After homogenisation, the samples were analysed by hardness measurements and further characterised by microscopy and image analysis to verify the influence of homogenisation on the resulting microstructural constituents. In addition, non-equilibrium solidification was simulated using the program Thermo-Calc and phase formation during solidification was investigated. The homogenisation process enabled more rounded shape of the Al2Cu eutectic phase, equilibrium formation of the phases, and the precipitation in the matrix, leading to a significant increase in the hardness of the EN AW 2011 aluminium alloy. The experimental data revealed a suitable homogenisation time of 4–6 h at a temperature of 520 °C, enabling optimal extrusion properties.

Study on the Formability of Aluminium Alloy Sheets at Room and Elevated Temperatures

2016 ◽  
Vol 877 ◽  
pp. 393-399
Author(s):  
Jia Zhou ◽  
Jun Ping Zhang ◽  
Ming Tu Ma
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Hot Stamping ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Alloy Sheet ◽  
Aluminum Alloy Sheet

This paper presents the main achievements of a research project aimed at investigating the applicability of the hot stamping technology to non heat treatable aluminium alloys of the 5052 H32 and heat treatable aluminium alloys of the 6016 T4P after six months natural aging. The formability and mechanical properties of 5052 H32 and 6016 T4P aluminum alloy sheets after six months natural aging under different temperature conditions were studied, the processing characteristics and potential of the two aluminium alloy at room and elevated temperature were investigated. The results indicated that the 6016 aluminum alloy sheet exhibit better mechanical properties at room temperature. 5052 H32 aluminum alloy sheet shows better formability at elevated temperature, and it has higher potential to increase formability by raising the temperature.

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