Children’s images of HIV/AIDS in Uganda: What visual methodologies can tell us about their knowledge and life circumstances

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 365-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ava Becker-Zayas ◽  
Maureen Kendrick ◽  
Elizabeth Namazzi
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Affective Expression ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Visual Materials ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstractIn this study we draw on three analytic frameworks (Goffman 1981. Forms of talk. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press; Rose 2007. Visual methodologies: An introduction to the interpretation of visual materials. London: Sage; Warburton 1998. Cartoons and teachers: Mediated visual images as data. In John Prosser (ed.), Image-based research: A sourcebook for qualitative researchers, 252–262. London: Routledge) to explore how multilingual children in a rural Ugandan primary school use visual and linguistic modes to create billboards messages about HIV/AIDS. Although HIV/AIDS education is required curriculum in public schools, and outside of the classroom students are exposed to various national public service announcements (e. g., on radio and television, and as billboards), there are still considerable cultural barriers that hinder open discussions between children and their teachers and parents about HIV/AIDS-related issues. Our findings suggest that communicating the complex language of HIV/AIDS prevention requires students in this cultural context to go beyond the linguistic mode and draw upon the visual in order to achieve a fuller range of socio-affective expression, and conceivably, to affect change by reaching a variety of audiences on multiple levels of human meaning making. Implications for literacy educators in multilingual contexts, where pressing social issues intersect with culturally sensitive or otherwise “unspeakable” topics, indicate that the visual offers a less institutionalized and culturally-laden space for children to synthesize the messages in their environments and their own relationship to them.

“The Songs Are Alive”

2018 ◽  
pp. 574-590
Author(s):  
Lyz Jaakola ◽  
Timothy B. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Community College ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Language Revitalization ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
The Public ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Digital File ◽  
The University

“The Songs are Alive” recounts the digital repatriation of Frances Densmore’s audio recordings of Ojibwe/Anishinaabe songs that were originally made on wax cylinders in the first decade of the twentieth century and are held by the Library of Congress. Powell, a digital humanities scholar at the University of Pennsylvania, discusses the process of creating a database that converted a huge digital file of undifferentiated songs into individual recordings given cultural context by Densmore’s remarkably detailed ethnographic descriptions. Jaakola, the director of the Ojibwemowining Center at Fond du Lac Tribal and Community College, writes about bringing the songs back to life by carefully circulating them through the community, identifying culturally sensitive songs, and making new recordings of the songs deemed suitable for the public by working with elders and youth. The songs are now being used by Ojibwe communities in the Great Lakes region for cultural and language revitalization as well as in Minnesota public schools.

scholarly journals Digital Technologies in the Field of Culture: Theorizing the Issue of Digital Data and Cultural Heritage

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-205
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Volynetc
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Publishing ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Digital Collections ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Recording Analysis ◽  
Visual Materials

The purpose of the research is to reveal the peculiarities of the digital collections functioning in the field of cultural heritage. Research methodology is based on the application of a systematic approach to the digitization issue’s study of cultural heritage sites and museum practice. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is the issue’s actualization of the functioning of digital collections of cultural heritage in the cultural context, the statement of the digital canon expansion in the field of cultural heritage. Conclusions. It is emphasized that the discrepancy between the scale of digitized content and the real number of non-digitized and unpublished works of culture and art raises important questions about who decides which works will be published, will enter the scientific and educational circulation, will expand the digital canon and will serve as a source of inspiration for the general public. Thus, the range of problems in the development of digital collections and digital content aggregators in the field of cultural heritage becomes evident. Digital publishing platforms should be seen as primary sources that reflect the cultural, political and social issues of the modern era and reveal ontological and epistemic gaps in the perception of cultural, ethnic and social affiliation. The analysis of conceptual and methodological approaches to the development of modern digital technologies in the field of cultural heritage, which defined the digital turn for all modern cultural processes, allows us to understand the basic patterns and trends associated with recording, analysis and transmission of cultural heritage at the present stage. Critical analysis of digital infrastructures enables the cultural study of the digital turn in the field of cultural heritage in order to identify the possibilities and limitations of digital technologies in the analysis, publication and dissemination of textual and visual materials, demonstrating works of culture and art.

The Causes of School Failure in Secondary School Students: Validation of a Psychosocial Model with Structural Equations

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Chacón Fuertes ◽  
Carlos A. Huertas Hurtado
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
School Failure ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
School Students ◽  
Psychosocial Model ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Linear Regressions

AbstractThe objective of the study was to determine the causal effects of school failure (SF) among secondary school students, belonging to five public schools within the region of Girardota, Colombia, through the validation of a psychosocial model with structural equations. A total of 319 students, 25% more males, enrolled in classes between 6th and 11th year, with an average age of 14 years. Furthermore, 265 parents and 200 teachers were also included in the sample. Participants answered the questions raised in 9 instruments. Of the total number of students, 63.8% were surveyed. The instruments were subjected to a pilot test and to the judgment of experts. In order to reduce the amount of data, exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses were used. Other techniques of multivariate analysis such as decision trees and linear regressions were also used in order to previously evaluate the relationships between the independent variables (IV) and the dependent variable (DV). Afterwards, the Full SEM was calculated, yielding a model consisting of 34 variables (10 latent and 24 observable), with the following indexes of goodness of fit: CMIN/DF = 1.146, p = .058, IFI = 0.974, TLI = .970, CFI = .974, RMSEA = .027 and PCLOSE = 0.998. Theoretically, the model confirms the predictive value of the selected variables, with respect to school failure. The results are applicable to both the design of educational policies and the direct intervention in the classroom. In both contexts, strategies can be developed that reduce factors that negatively affect school performance, actively linking students, teachers and parents.

Educational Reform, The Aging Society, and the Teaching Profession

1987 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-98
Author(s):  
Claude Mathis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Educational Reform ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Developmental Needs ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Aging Society

Recent proposals for educational reform call for major changes in public education that, if implemented, will presage basic shifts in career patterns for teachers in the elementary and secondary schools of the United States. These changes, coupled with demographic trends now evident in the United States, suggest that public schools in the future will be staffed by teachers who are, on the average, older and more experienced. Reform statements often fail to recognize the symbiotic relationships of schools to the society they serve. As the population ages and becomes more pluralistic the developmental needs of teachers will change. Teaching is a unique skill that demands enthusiasm and vitality for its success. The continuing competence of those who stay in teaching beyond midcareer will depend less on personal characteristics of aging and more on the supportive nature of the context in which teaching takes place. The aging society will introduce many social issues not encountered before in schools or in other institutions. Teaching has, in the past, been predominantly a career for women, and it will likely remain so for the foreseeable future. Ways of maintaining generativity throughout a teaching career will need to become a part of professional expectations. Recent studies of career development, work, and aging provide some clues of expectation for the teaching profession.

scholarly journals Teaching in Circles: Learning to Harmonize as a Co-Teacher of Gifted Education

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Haberlin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Public School ◽  
Gifted Education ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Gifted Students ◽  
Teaching Experiences ◽  
Inclusion Classrooms ◽  
Educational Theories ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Constant Comparative Analysis

In this autoethnography, I explored my daily challenges and frustrations working as a teacher of gifted students in inclusion classrooms in an elementary public school. Inquiring about how I coped with these challenges and eventually thrived in the position, I journaled weekly about my teaching experiences during a six-month period and collected e-mails to teachers and parents. I employed constant comparative analysis and five themes emerged: frustration, isolation, advocacy, collaboration, and influence. I discussed the themes within the greater social and cultural context, drawing upon psychology and educational theories.

scholarly journals Risky sexual behavior in adolescents does not depend on the level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. e491101321468
Author(s):  
Jéssica Kelly Ramos Cordeiro ◽  
Waleska Fernanda Souto Nóbrega ◽  
Milena Edite Casé de Oliveira ◽  
Kedma Anne Lima Gomes ◽  
Tiago Almeida de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Government ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objective: to assess the knowledge and practices of adolescent students in relation to HIV/AIDS and other STIs. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, which included twelve public schools from seven cities in Rio Grande do Norte, with a sample of 623 individuals. Two electronic and interactive questionnaires were used for data collection. Data processing was performed using SPSS 25.0® and Stata 14.0. For the analysis of associated factors, the Item Response Theory was used. The project of this study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Protocol No. 99473118.2.0000.5292. Results: The participants who achieved the highest means of knowledge level were female (6.04 ± 4.47), with a partner (6.13 ± 4.49), white (6.10 ± 4.46) and received financial assistance from the government (6.72 ± 4.40). Most teenagers reported that they had already had their first sexual intercourse. Of those who continued to have sex in the last 6 months, only 31.3% used a condom. Final considerations: Adolescents have a considerable level of knowledge about the prevention of HIV/AIDS and other STIs, but their sexual practices do not follow the recommended preventive measures.

Strange Frame Fellows: The Evolution of Discursive Framing in the Opt-Out Testing Movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Paquin Morel
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Public ◽  
Local Schools ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Open Coding ◽  
Over Time

Background/context In recent years, opposition to accountability policies and associated testing has manifested in widespread boycotts of annual tests—mobilized as the “opt-out movement.” A central challenge facing any movement is the need to recruit and mobilize participants. Key to this process is framing—a discursive tactic in which activists present social issues as problems that require collective action to solve. Such framing often relies on compatible political and ideological commitments among activists and potential recruits. Yet the opt-out movement has successfully mobilized widespread boycotts in diverse communities. How have participants in the movement framed issues relating to testing and accountability? Purpose/objective/research question/focus of study I explore the discursive tactics of participants in the opt-out movement by analyzing how they frame issues related to testing and accountability over time. I ask two research questions: (1) What frames did participants in opt-out-aligned social media groups use to convince others that standardized accountability tests are a problem and build support for the movement? (2) To what extent and how did the deployment of frames change over time? Research design I conducted a mixed-methods study combining qualitative content analysis to identify frames and computational analysis to describe their co-deployment over time. Data collection and analysis I compiled a text corpus of posts to opt-out-aligned social media pages from 2010–2014. I analyzed posts using open coding to identify frames used by participants in online communities. Frames were categorized by their orientation—the general way in which they framed the problem of testing and accountability. I then analyzed the co-deployment of frames using network analysis and hierarchical clustering. Conclusions/recommendations The longitudinal analysis of frames reveals key differences in the frames used by participants. While more politically oriented frames—those characterizing testing as a social issue affecting the public schools at large—were common in early stages of the movement, less overtly political frames—those characterizing testing as an individual issue affecting children and local schools or a technical issue—became more prominent over time. Over time, socially oriented frames became decoupled from other frames, showing independent patterns of deployment. This suggests that the movement may have benefited from de-emphasizing politically oriented frames, but that it lacked an overarching shared narrative, which has the potential to limit how it might affect accountability policies and testing.

Scaling Up HIV/AIDS Care Among Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: Cross-Cultural Barriers

2013 ◽  
pp. 249-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damalie Nakanjako ◽  
Florence Maureen Mirembe ◽  
Jolly Beyeza-Kashesya ◽  
Alex Coutinho
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Up ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Aids

Cultural Elements of Knowledge Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaela Stadler
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
Collaborative Culture ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Knowledge Processes ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Organisational Values ◽  
Context Shape

Organisational culture is, perhaps not surprisingly, by far the most researched topic in relation to knowledge management to date. It is widely argued that an open, collaborative culture enhances knowledge processes, activities and practices, and that this open culture will help organisations be successful in the long-run (see for example, Du Plessis, 2006; Kathiravelu et al., 2014; Intezari et al., 2017). Organisational values, assumptions, and the cultural context shape what employees believe in, their shared understanding of how things are done in the organisation, as well as their shared language. The process of meaning-making through different knowledge practices is therefore largely shaped by organisational culture and embedded in it (Hislop et al., 2018).

Mapping the Pilgrimage Network

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-88
Author(s):  
Marion Grau
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Religious Meaning

This chapter outlines the author’s approach to research and method, as well as the scope and timeline of participant observation. The redevelopment of the Norwegian pilgrimage network comes on the heels of the post–World War II European efforts to build transregional and transnational peace. Historic pilgrimage routes become part of this network but are slow to begin in Protestant contexts. In contemporary pilgrimage, embodiment and relations to other pilgrims are central ingredients. It is through physical relations to landscape and people that sacred, transforming encounters are sought. Ritual creativity features strongly in how such encounters are facilitated by pilgrim priests, hosts, government, local officials, artists, and scores of volunteers. Religious meaning-making and secular nation-building are closely intertwined in these efforts to lift up and preserve, if not stage, local heritage. A consistent ambivalence is the overlap between pilgrims and tourists, and questions of spirituality and consumption. As Norway’s population has become more diverse religiously and ethnically, actors continually adjust the pilgrimage network to the needs of a changing population and a wide range of social issues.

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