Income Inequality and Health: Panel Data Evidence from Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 927-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Latif
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Absolute Income ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Current Health Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractUsing longitudinal data from the Canadian National Population Survey (1994–2006), this study examines the impact of income inequality on current health outcomes. The result suggests that once unobserved individual specific heterogeneity is controlled for, income inequality as measured by Gini Coefficient has no significant impact on current health status. This result holds true for contemporaneous income inequality as well as for lagged income inequalities. There are mixed results from the robustness check using various measures of income inequality. Decile Ratio (90P/10P) and Coefficient of Variation have no impacts on current health status. On the other hand, contemporaneous income inequality measured by Log Mean Deviation and Theil Index have significant negative effects on current health. All of the models suggest that absolute income has a significant positive effect on health status

Empirical analyses of dynamic categorical data

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Cai Hu
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Retirement Decision ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Current Health Status ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Deterioration

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Essay 1 analyzes the married couples' retirement decision using the PSID data. I employ the proportional hazard model to examine the factors that influence the retirement decision of husband and wife, and focus on examining the correlation of husband and wife's retirement status. This essay finds that an individual is more likely to retire if his or her spouse has retired. The retirement hazard is higher if an individual is in worse health. The worse health status also affects the spouse's retirement hazard, but the spouse effect is asymmetry. With the wife in worse health, the husband's retirement hazard decreases. With the husband in worse health, the wife's retirement hazard increases. I also find that the greater the social security income or pension, the higher the retirement hazard. But for the spouse effect, the husband's social security income or pension has impact on the retirement schedule of his wife, while I find no significant impact of wife's retirement benefit on husband's retirement timing. Essay 2 explores the transitions of health status using PSID data from 1984 to 2011 with the ordered logit model and the Cox proportional hazards model. The result shows that the impact of current health status on future health status is relatively large. A worse current health status would lead to a smaller probability for health deterioration, but it is less likely to be in a good health status in the future. There is strong health persistence. Social economics factors' impact on latent health status is also significant, although the magnitude is relatively small. Higher income level and education level would decrease the likelihood of health deterioration, and individuals with high income and high education would be more likely to be in better health status. When comparing different occupations, white-collar job is less associated with health deterioration, and this type of worker is more likely to be in better health status. Essay 3 applies the competing risks model to estimate the movement of corporate credit ratings using WRDS COMPUSTAT data. The credit rating variable is the Standard and Poor's long-term domestic issuer credit rating. The explanatory variables contain measures of leverage, liquidity, current profitability and future profitability. I estimate the impacts of these financial ratios on the upward and downward of credit rating. In addition, I estimate samples before and after the 2008 subprime crisis to study the influence of financial crisis on the credit rating. The result shows that firms with a higher liquidity are more likely to be upgraded and less likely to be downgraded. The impact of liquidity is weaker after the crisis. I find that when the current level of profitability increases, the firm is more likely to be upgraded than to be downgraded. The effect of current profitability is larger after the crisis. Firms with higher leverage ratio are more likely to be upgraded and less likely to be downgraded. And the effect of leverage is similar before and after the crisis.

The Impact of War on Population Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Turkan Ahmet
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The Impact

The past few decades of ongoing war in Iraq has had a dramatic impact on the health of Iraq’s population. Wars are known to have negative effects on the social and physical environments of individuals, as well as limit their access to the available health care services. This paper explores the personal experiences of my family members, who were exposed to war, as well as includes information that has been reviewed form many academic sources. The data aided in providing recommendations and developing strategies, on both local and international levels, to improve the health status of the populations exposed to war.

Social capital and national innovation system: a cross-country analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepehr Ghazinoory ◽  
Ali Bitaab ◽  
Ardeshir Lohrasbi
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
National Level ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose – In the last two decades, researchers have paid much attention to the role of cultural values on economic and social development. In particular, the crucial role of different aspects of culture on the development of innovation has been stressed in the literature. Consequently, it is vital to understand how social capital, as a core cultural value, affects the innovation process and the innovative performance at the national level. However, to date, the impact of different dimensions of social capital and innovation has not been properly portrayed or explained. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of four different dimensions of social capital (institutional and interpersonal, associational life and norms) on two of the main functions of national innovation system (NIS) (entrepreneurship and knowledge creation) based on over 50,000 observations in 34 countries. Design/methodology/approach – In this regard, national-level data from the World Values Survey database was employed to quantify social capital. Entrepreneurship is, in turn, assumed to consist of three sub-indexes and 14 indicators based on the Global Entrepreneurship Index. Knowledge creation is also measured through US Patent Office applications. Also, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling approach were used to build the measurement model and investigate the impact that each factor of social capital had on entrepreneurship and knowledge application, respectively. Measurement and structural models were built and their reliability and validity were tested using various fit indices. Research findings suggest the strong positive effect of institutional trust and networking on entrepreneurship. Also, interpersonal trust and networks were shown to have high influence on knowledge development at the national level. Norms appear to have naïve to medium negative effects on both functions. Findings – Research findings suggest the strong positive effect of institutional trust and networking on entrepreneurship. Also, interpersonal trust and networks were shown to have high influence on knowledge development at the national level. Norms appear to have naïve to medium negative effects on both functions. Originality/value – However, to date, the impact of different dimensions of social capital and innovation has not been properly portrayed or explained.

scholarly journals Numerical Studies of the Effects of Water Capsules on Self-Healing Efficiency and Mechanical Properties in Cementitious Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoliang Huang ◽  
Guang Ye
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Healing Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

In this research, self-healing due to further hydration of unhydrated cement particles is taken as an example for investigating the effects of capsules on the self-healing efficiency and mechanical properties of cementitious materials. The efficiency of supply of water by using capsules as a function of capsule dosages and sizes was determined numerically. By knowing the amount of water supplied via capsules, the efficiency of self-healing due to further hydration of unhydrated cement was quantified. In addition, the impact of capsules on mechanical properties was investigated numerically. The amount of released water increases with the dosage of capsules at different slops as the size of capsules varies. Concerning the best efficiency of self-healing, the optimizing size of capsules is 6.5 mm for capsule dosages of 3%, 5%, and 7%, respectively. Both elastic modulus and tensile strength of cementitious materials decrease with the increase of capsule. The decreasing tendency of tensile strength is larger than that of elastic modulus. However, it was found that the increase of positive effect (the capacity of inducing self-healing) of capsules is larger than that of negative effects (decreasing mechanical properties) when the dosage of capsules increases.

scholarly journals WHO report: retrospective mortality survey among the internally displaced population, greater Darfur, Sudan, August 2004

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (38) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Internally Displaced People ◽  
Current Health Status ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Internally Displaced Population ◽  
Mortality Survey

Summary of new report published by WHO, assessing the current health status of the internally displaced people in Darfur, Sudan,

HuDA_COVID Human Disposition Analysis during COVID-19 using Machine Learning

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Mass Survey ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Coronavirus has greatly impacted various aspects of human life, including human psychology & human disposition. In this paper, we attempted to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human health. We propose Human Disposition Analysis during COVID-19 using machine learning (HuDA_COVID), where factors such as age, employment, addiction, stress level are studied for human disposition analysis. A mass survey is conducted on individuals of various age groups, regions & professions, and the methodology achieved varied accuracy ranges of 87.5% to 98%. The study shows people are worried about lockdown, work & relationships. Furthermore, 23% of the respondents have not had any effect. 45% and 32% have had positive and negative effects, respectively. It is a novel study in human disposition analysis in COVID-19 where a novel weighted assignment indicating the health status is also proposed. HuDA_COVID clearly indicates a need for a methodical approach towards the human psychological needs to help the social organizations formulating holistic interventions for affected individuals.

Comparing the Current Health Status and Health Behaviors of Residents from Urban and Forested Areas

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Insook Lee ◽  
Kowoon Lee ◽  
Sung Jae Kim ◽  
Kyung Sook Bang ◽  
Hee Seung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Current Health Status ◽  
Forested Areas

scholarly journals Current Health Status and Care Practices among the Retired Elderly Professors of Tribhuvan University

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Bishnu G.C.
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Hard Time ◽  
Current Health Status ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This study tries to find out the current health status and the care practices of the retired elderly Professors of Kathmandu. Descriptive research design has been followed and all together 30 male and 10 female retired professors were selected conveniently. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data and information. This study reveals that, most of the respondents (around 50%) were from 60-69 years young-old age group. In most cases, economic condition (around 90% have their own pension), marital life (around 62.5% are currently married) and family support (more than 90%) of the respondents were satisfactory about their current health status. Their physical health seems good but they were still suffering from the backache (100%), poor eye sight (80%), pain around the waist (60%), gastritis (60%) and headache (40%) which was often in elderly age due to auto immune and wear and tear theory. It was found that some of them were suffering from different chronic and acute diseases but they were cared and supported by their family members in their hard time. They had practiced regular medical checkups due to satisfactory family life and economic status.

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