Love of Variety and Immigration

Abstract This paper develops a political-economic analysis of immigration in a host country that operates in a direct democracy regime. It shows that, in a monopolistic competitive environment with differentiated capital intensive goods, labor liberalization is more likely to come about in the societies that have more taste for variety. Moreover, in a host country with a strong preference for variety, workers and capital owners may share the same positive stance toward labor liberalization. It follows that the latter is impossible in a perfect competitive environment. Finally, in a dynamic inter-temporal setting with strategic voters, it demonstrates that the median voter is willing to accept fewer immigrants in the first period, in order to preserve her domestic political influence in the next period because of the naturalization of immigrants. In this way, the median voter maximizes her gains from immigration by accepting more immigrants in total.

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Direct Democracy and Public Policy

The Oxford Handbook of Public Choice, Volume 2 ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190469771.013.17 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 362-379

Author(s):

John Matsusaka

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Direct Democracy ◽

Median Voter ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Fiscal Policies ◽

Policy Choices ◽

American States ◽

Conservative Policy ◽

Initiative Process ◽

Swiss Cantons

An extensive literature seeks to measure the effect of the initiative and referendum on public policies. Several conclusions emerge: The initiative and referendum have different effects on policy. Requiring popular approval of fiscal policies (mandatory referendums) results in lower expenditure, taxes, and debt. The initiative process gives voters more power and results in policies closer to the median voter preference; this often has reduced spending (American states, Swiss cantons), but sometimes has increased spending (cities). The initiative is associated with more socially conservative policy choices. Spurious correlation is a concern in many studies, and more research on causality is needed.

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THE RELEVANCY OF SELF DEVELOPMENT AND ACADEMIC EXPATRIATES’ CAREER IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES OF MALAYSIA

International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling ◽

10.35631/ijepc.5370021 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (37) ◽

pp. 253-269

Author(s):

Irma Wani Othman ◽

Muhammad Safuan Yusoff ◽

Mohd Sohaimi Esa ◽

Mohd Azri Ibrahim ◽

Budi Anto Mohd Tamring ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Host Country ◽

Public Universities ◽

Public Institutions ◽

Higher Learning ◽

Institutions Of Higher Learning ◽

Global Issue ◽

Self Development ◽

To Come ◽

Depth Interviews

The presence of international staff or independent expatriate academicians in the cross border higher education world today is indeed a global issue that brings benefits to the development of higher education worldwide. The decision taken by independent expatriate academicians to come to the host country to pursue a career as an academician will certainly have useful implications on the career they are pursuing. Through in-depth interviews based on a qualitative approach adopted on thirty (30) selected voluntarily respondents in three public universities, the objective of this study was to find out the implications on self-development of careers as independent expatriate academicians serving in the host country. From the findings received as a result of the interviews conducted, the implications for self-development in terms of the career which could be seen were (I) Promotion (II) Lucrative income (III) Security in Malaysia and (IV) Harmony in the workplace. From each finding stated by the respondents involved, it had been proven that the decision was taken by independent expatriate academicians to the host country in pursuing a career as an academician had given the positive implication that indirectly brought benefits to themselves. The implications for self-development on a career as an independent expatriate academician were also able to lead to the retention of human resources of independent expatriate academicians which can reduce the turnover rate in an organisation such as academics in Malaysian Public Institutions of Higher Learning.

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NUSANTARA PRA ISLAM: Prediksi Masa Depan Islam di Indonesia

Jurnal CONTEMPLATE ◽

10.53649/jucon.v2i01.319 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (01) ◽

pp. 87-108

Author(s):

Santosa Santosa

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Economics Education ◽

Future Prospects ◽

Great Opportunity ◽

The World ◽

The Future ◽

History Of ◽

To Come ◽

Political Economic ◽

Historical Flow

Looking at the historical flow of Islamic development in Indonesia as such, the author took an analysis that the future prospects of Islam in Indonesia have a great opportunity to continue to develop, be it in the fields of politics, economics, education, social, and culture. This can be seen from the history of Islam in Indonesia that continues to develop until now, this is the early stage of the emergence of awareness of the Indonesian nation of the importance of planting religious values in Indonesian society so that the Indonesian nation can meet the future not only with science and technology but also in the balance by IMTAQ. The era of globalization in the 21st century that has begun at this time, Islam in Indonesia has apparently exerted a huge influence on the advancement of Islam in the world. Although the existence of Islam today is really faced with a fairly severe challenge that requires the involvement of various parties concerned. With regard to this, strategic efforts need to be made, among others: by providing knowledge, skills, and piety in all fields (religious, political, economic, social, cultural, educational) so as to give birth to creative, innovative, independent and productive people considering the world to come is a competitive world. Keywords: Islam, The Future, Indonesia

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What can we learn from the Past about Future Technological Trends in Adult Education?

Dynamic Advancements in Teaching and Learning Based Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-60960-153-9.ch019 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 333-353

Author(s):

John K. Hope

Keyword(s):

Adult Education ◽

Technology Use ◽

World Wide ◽

The Internet ◽

Pedagogical Issues ◽

The Past ◽

Use Of Technology ◽

The World ◽

To Come ◽

Political Economic

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the past two decades of technology use in adult education with the intention of providing a critical lens with which to view future technological trends in adult education. The article begins with a brief summary of technological trends, such as the introduction of the Internet and the World Wide Web, that have influenced adult education over the past two decades. Political, economic, social, and pedagogical issues that have influenced the use of technology in adult education are also discussed and possible solutions to these issues are outlined. The article concludes with an attempt to extrapolate future technological trends that could influence the direction of adult education in the decade to come.

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Towards a New International Technological Order

Alternatives Global Local Political ◽

10.1177/030437547900400302 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 277-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Johan Galtung

Keyword(s):

The Political ◽

Human Beings ◽

Political Will ◽

Alternative Technologies ◽

The Social ◽

Physical Presence ◽

Linear Movement ◽

To Come ◽

Capital Intensive ◽

Mode Of Production

The main thesis of the paper is that technology is not merely a mode of production and therefore neutral; it carries within it a code of structures - economic, social, cultural, and also cognitive. The economic code that inheres in Western Technology demands that industries be capital-intensive, research-intensive, organization-intensive and labour-extensive. On the social plane, the code creates a ‘centre’ and a ‘periphery’, thus perpetuating a structure of inequality. In the cultural arena, it sees the West as entrusted by destiny with the mission of casting the rest of the world in its own mould. In the cognitive field, it sees man as the master of nature, the vertical and individualistic relations between human beings as the normal and natural, and history as a linear movement of progress. The transfer of Western technology is thus a structural-cultural invasion, which is not clearly seen as such parly because it is not accompanied by the West's physical presence (as in the days of colonialism), and partly because the fragmentation inherent in Western technology fragments the perception of the total picture. For techniques that create different structures to come into their own, a very clear perception of the interlocking of technology and structures is needed. Also needed is the political will to use alternative technologies as an instrument to bring about a structural change.

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Oratory

The Oxford Handbook of Hellenic Studies ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286140.013.0044 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 504-517

Author(s):

Lene Rubinstein

Keyword(s):

Direct Democracy ◽

Religious Expression of Hijrah Celebrity: Accommodating Protest and Political Economy of Public Piety

Islam Realitas Journal of Islamic & Social Studies ◽

10.30983/islam_realitas.v6i1.3154 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

Afrida Arinal Muna

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Political Economy ◽

Middle Class ◽

Upper Class ◽

Religious Expression ◽

Economic Strategy ◽

The Public ◽

Digital Era ◽

To Come ◽

Political Economic

The hijrah campaign or massive movement that invites Muslims to become a better person by practicing religious teachings is more vigorously voiced in the digital era, including on social media, as we can find on ‘detiknews’ that the hastag #hijrah in the instagram search box more than 1,7 million posts. The hijrah account on facebook has also been followed by more than 300 thousand accounts. This phenomenon cannot be denied also by the artists, because this phenomenon is massive in the middle to upper class, who have the opportunity to consume issues trending or viral on social media. The trend in hijrah activities also influenced a series of celebrities who decided to hijrah with different processes. I assume that celebrities who do hijrah actually want not only to show their new religious expression by showing their peity to the public but also to be a form of ‘accomodating protest’ that before they decide to hijrah, there is a kind of bullying that is the emergence of stigmas of a fear of a decline in their image in public when an artist hijrah with his new hijab style, but instead there is a kind of resistance that celebrities want to come out to public that they can still exist in even though wearing the hijab. There is also an political economic strategy played by the artists by making some innovations such as halal industry. This is their target because the trends have been becoming a massive consumerism trend by the millenial Muslim middle class, which is believed to be economic booster of the 21st century. Kampanye hijrah atau gerakan massif yang mengajak kaum Muslim untuk menjadi pribadi yang lebih baik dengan menjalankan ajaran agama semakin gencar disuarakan di era digital. di era digital, termasuk di media sosial, sebagaimana dapat kita temukan di ‘detiknews’ bahwa tagar #hijrah di kotak pencarian instagram terdapat lebih dari 1,7 juta postingan, akun hijrah di facebook juga sudah diikuti lebih dari 300 ribu akun. Fenomena ini tidak bisa dinafikan juga dari kalangan artis, karena fenomena ini masif ditemui di kalangan kelas menengah ke atas yang berkesempatan mengonsumi isu-isu yang menjadi tren atau viral di media sosial. Tren aktivitas hijrah ini pun mempengaruhi sederet selebriti yang memutuskan untuk hijrah dengan proses yang berbeda-beda. Saya berasumsi bahwa selebriti yang melakukan hijrah sebenarnya tidak hanya ingin menunjukkan ekspresi keberagamaan barunya dengan menunjukkan kesalehannya terhadap publik, tetapi juga sebagai sebuah bentuk ‘accomodating protest‘ bahwa sebelum mereka memutuskan untuk hijrah ada sejenis bully-an yaitu munculnya stigma-stigma ketakutan menurunnya citra mereka di hadapan publik ketika seorang artis melakukan hijrah dengan style hijab barunya, tetapi justru ada semacam perlawanan yang ingin ditunjukkan oleh para selebriti kepada masyarakat bahwa mereka tetap bisa eksis walaupun memakai jilbab dan juga ada strategi politik ekonomi yang dimainkan oleh artis-artis hijrah tersebut dengan membuat inovasi-inovasi industri halal, tren hijab yang semakin down-to-earth, dan yang lainnya. Industri halal tersebut menjadi sasaran mereka karena tren tersebut menjadi tren konsumerisme yang masif oleh kelas menengah Muslim milenial yang diyakini sebagai penggerak ekonomi abad-21.

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Politics of Education in Curriculum Development Policy in Indonesia from 1947 to 2013: A Documentary Research

Jurnal Pendidikan Islam ◽

10.14421/jpi.2020.91.29-56 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 29-56

Author(s):

Alhamuddin ◽

Ahmad Fanani ◽

Ilyas Yasin ◽

Andi Murniati

Keyword(s):

Curriculum Development ◽

Development Policy ◽

Critical Analysis ◽

Political Influence ◽

Politics Of Education ◽

Curriculum Policy ◽

Education Curriculum ◽

Knowledge And Skills ◽

Study Results ◽

Political Economic

The dynamics of curriculum development in Indonesia from 1947 to the latest 2013 curriculum cannot be separated from political influence. This paper investigates the politics of educational policy in Indonesia’s curriculum development from 1947 to 2013, a critical analysis of various polemics about Indonesian education’s aims and contents in schools. This paper is documentary research, which refers to related previous documents or literature. The study results indicate that the development of Indonesia’s education curriculum is closely influenced by political, economic, social, cultural, and globalization factors. The formulated curriculum content cannot be separated from these factors’ influence, as the 2013 curriculum was recently implemented. Of all these factors, government interests and political paradigms have the most significant influence in changing, developing, and refining the curriculum from time to time. The 2013 curriculum policy is intended to improve the various deficiencies that existed in the previous curriculum. The 2013 curriculum is structured by developing and strengthening attitudes, knowledge, and skills in a balanced manner. This research’s implication is hoped that policymakers can consider it in developing curriculum in Indonesia.

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Political Economy of the Syrian War: Patterns and Causes

The Economics of Peace and Security Journal ◽

10.15355/epsj.16.2.18 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Marwan Kabalan

Keyword(s):

Political Economy ◽

Free Market ◽

Arab Countries ◽

Economic Policies ◽

The Social ◽

To Come ◽

Distribution Of Power ◽

The One ◽

Syrian Conflict ◽

Political Economic

Amongst all the Arab countries that have witnessed social unrest over the past decade, Syria has emerged as a unique case. What started as a peaceful social effort to bring about overdue political reform turned into a bloody conflict. The 10 year-old civil war has largely devastated the Syrian economy and is likely to have lingering consequences on the country’s development for many years to come. This article deals with the political economy of the Syrian conflict. It argues that economic liberalization, poor public policies, and persistent drought in the years preceding the crisis, upset the social equilibrium and led to unrest. The very social class that used to support the once “socialist” regime in Damascus in the period 1963–2010 felt abandoned and betrayed by its economic policies. Indeed, the transition from a state-controlled economy into a free market economy, under Bashar al-Assad, may have served Syria in many ways, but it also created many problems. The ongoing conflict can be seen as a conflict about the distribution of power and wealth and, if Syria survives it as a united country, it will likely have a political, economic, and social equilibrium drastically different from the one it had.

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Between Beijing and Washington: Israel's Technology Transfers to China

Journal of East Asian Studies ◽

10.1017/s1598240800008328 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 503-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yoram Evron

Keyword(s):

National Security ◽

Control Mechanism ◽

Political Influence ◽

Principal Factor ◽

Export Control ◽

Leading Role ◽

Technology Transfers ◽

To Come ◽

Defense Contracts ◽

Constant Element

Technological ties between Israel and China have always been a central and constant element of their relationship. Defense contracts played a leading role here but were also responsible for the severe crisis that erupted between the countries in the early 2000s after Israel, capitulating to US pressure, backed off from its commitment to provide China with military technologies. This not only forced Israel to sever its defense relations with China but also made US-Israel relations a principal factor in the Sino-Israeli connection and imposed tight constraints on Israel's technology transfers to China generally. For Israel, this placed the dilemma of commercial versus political and national security interests at the forefront, since technology connections allowed it to promote its economic, political, and strategic causes through China. Indeed, while technology ties between the states have not stopped entirely—they have shifted to the civilian sphere—technology transfers to China are subject to heavy limitations, and Israel's export control mechanism faces greater challenges to screen them. As China's economic and political influence is ever increasing, Israel's cautious approach to technology transfers to China may be expected to come under mounting pressure.

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