scholarly journals Genetic structure of the cisco (Coregonus albula L.) from lakes of glacial origin in northern Poland

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kirczuk ◽  
A. Rymaszewska ◽  
R. Czerniawski ◽  
M. Pilecka-Rapacz ◽  
J. Domagała
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Coregonus Albula ◽  
Glacial Origin ◽  
Northern Poland ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
D Loop ◽  
North Western

AbstractEuropean cisco (Coregonus albula L.) is one of the most precious species of the European lake ichtyofauna, however, due to progressive eutrophication of water, the range of its occurrence has decreased. Deteriorating ecological conditions are the main cause of this decline in population, and most of the existing populations in lakes are maintained thanks to reintroduction. Thus, it is important to determine the genetic structure of the European cisco. The study involved PCR-RFLP-based genetic analysis of C. albula caught in 15 lakes in northern Poland, including four lakes located in national parks. The analysis covered 3 genes located in the mitochondrial DNA: ND1, ND3/4 and cytochrome b, as well as a control region (D-loop). The PCR product was digested with 4 endonucleases (RsaI, MspI, BsuI and HhaI) and the resulting haplotypes were grouped into combinations. Statistical analysis were then performed on these groups. Based on the genetic distance, a phenogram was constructed in which two groups could be distinguished. One group was represented by C. albula populations from most lakes in north-western Poland, including the three protected lakes. The other group consisted of the European cisco population from Lake Wigry (north-eastern Poland) and commercially exploited lakes from the southern part of the investigated north-western Poland area. The results of the study of C. albula from northern Poland present a valuable molecular characterization of the populations and can be a starting point for further genetic monitoring.

Co-amplification of mitochondrial pseudogenes in Calomys musculinus (Rodentia, Cricetidae): a source of error in phylogeographic studies

Genome ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl E. González-Ittig ◽  
Cristina N. Gardenal
Keyword(s):  
Single Individual ◽  
Loop Region ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Calomys Musculinus ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Nucleotide Divergence ◽  
Source Of Error ◽  
Phylogeographic Study

In a previous phylogeographic study of the rodent Calomys musculinus , 24 haplotypes of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region were detected using the restriction fragment length polymorphism technique (PCR-RFLP). Seven percent of the individuals showed patterns in which the sum of the sizes of the restriction fragments exceeded the size of the original PCR product. In the present paper we analyze possible causes of these atypical haplotypes. PCR products were cloned, and two or three different clones from a single individual were detected by their RFLP patterns. Nine clones with different restriction patterns were selected for sequence analyses. A maximum parsimony phylogenetic analysis revealed two well-supported paraphyletic groups. One group comprised sequences showing low nucleotide divergence compared with the most common haplotypes detected in the phylogeographic study. The other group was basal to the three species of Calomys other than C. musculinus included in the study; the mutations in the short portion of the cytochrome b gene amplified corresponded to 12 amino acid substitutions. The results suggest that two independent insertions of mtDNA sequences into the nucleus occurred; these sequences would co-amplify in the PCR procedure. Identification of pseudogenes is crucial to obtain reliable reconstruction of the intraspecific genealogy in phylogeographic studies.

Diet composition and prey selection of vendace Coregonus albula in the mesotrophic, temperate Lake Ostrowite (Northern Poland)

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kakareko ◽  
Paweł Napiórkowski ◽  
Jacek Kozłowski
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Temperate Lake ◽  
Coregonus Albula ◽  
Northern Poland ◽  
Mesotrophic Lake ◽  
Selection Of

Diet composition and prey selection of vendaceLake Ostrowite is a mesotrophic lake in Northern Poland 280.7 ha in area and 43 m deep at its deepest point. To study vendace (

scholarly journals Defining Sustainability in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan D. Bergstrom
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem ◽  
Community Stakeholders ◽  
Gateway Communities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Greater Yellowstone ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
Collective Resource ◽  
Time In Residence

Because of the normative and subjective nature of the terms sustainability and sustainable development, solutions tend to be applicable for specific regions but not the whole of society. Thus, it is imperative understand better how community stakeholders and decision makers define the concept of sustainability. Not only will greater understanding of such definitions add to our understanding of nature-society relations, but also in certain contexts, this understanding may help to promote realistic and effective decision-making at local levels. The objective of this study was to determine how amenity-driven gateway communities surrounding Yellowstone and Grand Teton National parks define, conceptualize, and perceive sustainability, and if those perceptions varied between time in residence, community of origin, or role within the community. Thirty-five key informant interviews were conducted with decision makers within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem to meet the study objectives. Throughout study communities, definitions of sustainability focused on the environment, the economy, and multi-generational thinking, and it is believed that these similarities can be the starting point for communication and collaboration among gateway communities, the long-term sustainability of their individual communities, and the collective resource upon which they all depend, the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.

scholarly journals Hubungan Kekerabatan Sapi Aceh dengan Menggunakan Daerah Displacement-loop

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd. Agus Nashri Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Loop Analysis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Bos Javanicus ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Whole Blood Samples ◽  
Relationship Of

Relationship of aceh cattle using displacement-loop regionABSTRACT. The aims of this study were to describe relationship of D-loop of mtDNA Aceh cattle which is useful database for conducting conservation programme. The whole blood samples were collected (8 samples for D-loop analysis) from four locations which were Aceh Besar, Pidie, North Aceh regencies and Banda Aceh city. Out group whole blood samples were collected from two samples from Bali cattles (Bali Island), Madura cattle (Madura Island), Pesisir cattle (West Sumatera) respectively and one sample from PO cattle (West Java). Amplification of D-loop sequences of mtDNA with BIDLF and BIDLR primary have PCR product 980 bp. The Data were analyzed using Squint 1.02 and MEGA 4.0 programme. Result of analysis indicate that Aceh cattle have nearer relationship with zebu and there is items inset of genetik Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) at the end sequences start ke-354 situs up to 483, so that the origin Aceh cattle was from Bos indicus which have hybridization with Bos javanicus.

scholarly journals Determining the Sources of Regional Haze in the Southeastern United States Using the CMAQ Model

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1731-1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Talat Odman ◽  
Yongtao Hu ◽  
Alper Unal ◽  
Armistead G. Russell ◽  
James W. Boylan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Class I ◽  
Light Extinction ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Starting Point

Abstract A detailed sensitivity analysis was conducted to help to quantify the impacts of various emission control options in terms of potential visibility improvements at class I national parks and wilderness areas in the southeastern United States. Particulate matter (PM) levels were estimated using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, and light extinctions were calculated using the modeled PM concentrations. First, likely changes in visibility at class I areas were estimated for 2018. Then, using emission projections for 2018 as a starting point, the sensitivity of light extinction was evaluated by reducing emissions from various source categories by 30%. Source categories to be analyzed were determined using a tiered approach: any category that showed significant impact in one tier was broken into subcategories for further analysis in the next tier. In the first tier, sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides, ammonia, volatile organic compound, and primary carbon emissions were reduced uniformly over the entire domain. During summer, when most class I areas experience their worst visibility, reduction of SO2 emissions was the most effective control strategy. In the second tier, SO2 sources were separated as ground level and elevated. The elevated sources in 10 southeastern states were differentiated from those in the rest of the domain and broken into three subcategories: coal-fired power plant (CPP), other power plant, and other than power plant [i.e., non–electric generating unit (non EGU)]. The SO2 emissions from the CPP subcategory had the largest impact on visibility at class I areas, followed by the non-EGU subcategory. In the third tier, emissions from these two subcategories were further broken down by state. Most class I areas were affected by the emissions from several states, indicating the regional nature of the haze problem. Here, the visibility responses to all of the aforementioned emission reductions are quantified and deviations from general trends are identified.

The Rationality of Scientific Discovery

1998 ◽  
pp. 374-379
Author(s):  
Yang Yaokun ◽  
Cheng Liangdao
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Scientific Problem ◽  
Background Theory ◽  
Scientific Hypothesis ◽  
Starting Point

In order to understand the rationality of scientific creation, we must first clarify the following: (1) the historical structure of scientific creation from starting point to breakthrough, and then to establishment; (2) the process from the primary through the productive aspects of the scientific problem, the idea of creation, the primary conjecture, the scientific hypothesis, and finally the emergence of the genetic structure establishing the theory; and (3) the problem threshold of rationality in scientific creation. Given that the theory of scientific creation adopts the descriptive viewpoint of rationality, it therefore establishes rational principles such as the following: (1) a superlogical mode of thinking; (2) an analysable genetic structure which consists of the primary and productive aspects (including experiential facts, background theory, operational means, higher irrational factors, etc.); (3) a means of recourse to the effect of incubation of a higher idea; (4) a movement in thinking from generality to particularity; and (5) the replacement of irrational by rational factors.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of CpG Sites and Islands Distributed in Mitochondrial DNA of Model Organisms

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Kowal ◽  
Angelika Tkaczyk ◽  
Tomasz Ząbek ◽  
Mariusz Pierzchała ◽  
Brygida Ślaska
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Cpg Islands ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

The information about mtDNA methylation is still limited, thus epigenetic modification remains unclear. The lack of comprehensive information on the comparative epigenomics of mtDNA prompts comprehensive investigations of the epigenomic modification of mtDNA in different species. This is the first study in which the theoretical CpG localization in the mtDNA reference sequences from various species (12) was compared. The aim of the study was to determine the localization of CpG sites and islands in mtDNA of model organisms and to compare their distribution. The results are suitable for further investigations of mtDNA methylation. The analysis involved both strands of mtDNA sequences of animal model organisms representing different taxonomic groups of invertebrates and vertebrates. For each sequence, such parameters as the number, length, and localization of CpG islands were determined with the use of EMBOSS (European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite) software. The number of CpG sites for each sequence was indicated using the newcpgseek algorithm. The results showed that methylation of mtDNA in the analysed species involved mitochondrial gene expression. Our analyses showed that the CpG sites were commonly present in genomic regions including the D-loop, CYTB, ND6, ND5, ND4, ND3, ND2, ND1, COX3, COX2, COX1, ATP6, 16s rRNA, and 12s rRNA. The CpG distribution in animals from different species was diversified. Generally, the number of observed CpG sites of the mitochondrial genome was higher in the vertebrates than in the invertebrates. However, there was no relationship between the frequency of the CpG sites in the mitochondrial genome and the complexity of the analysed organisms. Interestingly, the distribution of the CpG sites for tRNA coding genes was usually cumulated in a larger CpG region in vertebrates. This paper may be a starting point for further research, since the collected information indicates possible methylation regions localized in mtDNA among different species including invertebrates and vertebrates.

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