Consciousness raising tasks: Developing learners’ reflective attitude toward plurilingualism

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-258
Author(s):  
Noriko Nagai
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Consciousness Raising ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Japanese Learners ◽  
Crosslinguistic Influence ◽  
Metalinguistic Ability

AbstractThis report proposes a number of tasks which help learners become more aware of how their feelings are moulded in their L1 and notice crosslinguistic similarities and differences between their L1 and a target language. The proposed tasks are motivated by findings in the crosslinguistic influence literature and a study that investigated Japanese learners’ perception of crosslinguistic similarities and differences between English and Japanese passives. Japanese has two types of passives, while English has only one. Although the two types of Japanese passives share some properties, they have distinctive functions; one type is mainly used to express adversative feelings of the speaker towards the event a sentence describes, while the other is much the same as the English passive. The study results indicate that half of the subjects perceive crosslinguistic similarities yet avoid using the construction and the other half incorrectly assume similarities which do not exist in reality. The proposed tasks attempt to develop learners’ metalinguistic ability through analysing Japanese and English passives and to facilitate learners’ awareness of crosslinguistic similarities and differences in the passive constructions.

scholarly journals al-Furȗq fî al-Mȗrfîmât bayn al-‘Arabiyyah wa al-Injilîziyyah “al-Mȗrfîm (Mâ) al-‘Arabiy wa al-Injilîziy (what) Anmȗdhajan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Lubna Farah Khan ◽  
Nuril Mufidah
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Know How ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
The One ◽  
Shed Light

This paper investigates Arabic and English morphemes with to identifying the similarities and differences between them. The differences between the two languages might be the main reason for making errors by Arab learners. It might help both teachers and learners to overcome these problems. By identifying the morphological differences between the two languages, teachers will determine how and what to teach, on the one hand, and students will know how and what to focus on when learning the target language, on the other. The Paper will shed light on phonological terms such as: "phonem, allophones, intonation, and accentuation" and their equivalents in English in order to identify the appropriate or opposing signs that affect the specificity of the sounds. We have followed the descriptive and analysis research methods. The results of study on morphemes have an interrogative and exclamatory function, and we find that the morpheme “what” is distinguished from the morpheme “ما”, which has other uses such as negation, infinitive, extra and accentuation.

Orosensory Perception, Speech Production, and Deafness

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milo E. Bishop ◽  
Robert L. Ringel ◽  
Arthur S. House
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Form Discrimination ◽  
School Subjects ◽  
Oral Form ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The oral form-discrimination abilities of 18 orally educated and oriented deaf high school subjects were determined and compared to those of manually educated and oriented deaf subjects and normal-hearing subjects. The similarities and differences among the responses of the three groups were discussed and then compared to responses elicited from subjects with functional disorders of articulation. In general, the discrimination scores separated the manual deaf from the other two groups, particularly when differences in form shapes were involved in the test. The implications of the results for theories relating orosensory-discrimination abilities are discussed. It is postulated that, while a failure in oroperceptual functioning may lead to disorders of articulation, a failure to use the oral mechanism for speech activities, even in persons with normal orosensory capabilities, may result in poor performance on oroperceptual tasks.

Intrusões: Guimarães Rosa-Bogotá Notas para uma tradução de “Páramo”

1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bairon Oswaldo Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Spanish Translation ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
Mountain Sickness

This paper comments on the first Spanish translation of João Guimarães Rosa's short story "Páramo", which narrates the exile of a Brazilian lost with mountain sickness in a cold and hostile Bogotá. This translation is briefly explained in the following pages, giving special emphasis to some prominent features of the original version, in addition to the cultural context, critical and theoretical readings and the translation strategy evident in the translator‘s intervention. Finally, it is made clear how a certain perspective of the other – present in the original version as well – passes through the translation process and indicates the conditions of its presentation in the target language. The original article is in Portuguese.

Tourists’ and Residents’ Impressions of A Heritage Tourism Site: The Case of Kampong Taman Sari, Indonesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Ernawati ◽  
Gary T. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Heritage Tourism ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
The Other ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The interface between tourism and built heritage is complicated because much built heritage is located in the middle of living communities. Questions arise about how to achieve a balance between the expectations of tourists and the community. To study this question, this paper reports on tourists’ and residents’ impressions of an international heritage tourism site, the Kampong Taman Sari in Indonesia. Using a linear-numeric semantic differential as the measuring instrument and nine consensus photographs of the site as stimuli, the study investigated similarities and differences in impressions between three groups: tourists (international and domestic) and residents. Three principal dimensions were found to underlie impressions of the site: Attractiveness, Organisation, and Novelty. Significant differences were found among all three groups in their impressions of Attractiveness. In terms of impressions of the Organisation of the site, international and domestic tourists have similar impressions but these differ significantly from the impressions of residents. On the other hand, domestic tourists and residents have similar impressions of the Novelty of the site, which is evaluated differently by international tourists.

Glottalization and linking in the L2 speech of Czech learners of Spanish, Italian and Portuguese

2021 ◽  
pp. 026765832110158
Author(s):  
Radek Skarnitzl ◽  
Petr Čermák ◽  
Pavel Šturm ◽  
Zora Obstová ◽  
Jan Hricsina
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Lexical Stress ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Short Text ◽  
Sound Pattern ◽  
Frequent Use

The use of linking or glottalization contributes to the characteristic sound pattern of a language, and the use of one in place of the other may affect a speaker’s comprehensibility and fluency in certain contexts. In this study, native speakers of Czech, a language that is associated with a frequent use of glottalization in vowel-initial word onsets, are examined in the second language (L2) context of three Romance languages that predominantly employ linking between words (Spanish, Italian and Portuguese). In total, 29 native speakers and 51 non-native learners were asked to read a short text in the respective language. The learners were divided into two groups based on their experience with the target language. A number of other factors were examined in a mixed-effects logistic regression model (segmental context, lexical stress, prosodic breaks, and the semantic status of the words). The main results show that, regardless of the target language, the more experienced (ME) learners displayed significantly lower rates of glottalization than the less experienced (LE) learners, but significantly higher rates than native speakers. The pedagogical implications of the results are discussed.

scholarly journals The immunological characterization of several human ribonucleases by using primary binding tests

1977 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
E A Neuwelt ◽  
M Schmukler ◽  
M S Niziak ◽  
P B Jewett ◽  
C C Levy
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Pancreas ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Antigenic Difference ◽  
Immunological Characterization ◽  
Similarities And Differences

RNAases (ribonucleases), purified from four human tissues, as well as bovine pancreatic RNAase (RNAase A), were studied by immunodiffusion methods and by two different primary binding tests. The enzymes fell into two groups immunologically, those purified from plasma and pancreas in one and those from spleen and liver in the other. No antigenic cross-reaction between the two groups was detected by any of the immunoassays used. There was a slight antigenic cross-reaction between the human and bovine pancreatic RNAases. The liver and spleen RNAases were immunologically identical by all criteria used, whereas a small but consistent antigenic difference between the human plasma and human pancreas enzymes was detected. The significance of this difference between the human plasma and pancreas RNAases is discussed in relation to similarities and differences in their properties.

scholarly journals Nordic Comparative Analysis of Guidelines for Quality and Content in Early Childhood Education

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Christine Vallberg Roth
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Curriculum Studies ◽  
Construction Quality ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Comparative Nature

The article is based on a project intended to further develop understanding of similarities and differences in Nordic binding guidelines and non-binding guidance for content and quality in early childhood education. The study is of a descriptive and comparative nature and the process is based on a research tradition connected to curriculum studies. Both variation and standardisation emerge in the comparative analysis with regard to content construction. Quality is expressed and may be interpreted as operationalised as both structure and process. In relation to the study results, quality may be interpreted as primarily oriented towards institutions, activities and secondarily towards individuals. Quality is consistently related to learning (lifelong learning) and is more linear and oriented towards goal-rationality than non-linear.

scholarly journals Management of accounting information resources security in Polish entities – study results

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (97 (153)) ◽  
pp. 115-139
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Szczepankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
The Other ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Cyber Space ◽  
Business Entities

The presence of contemporary entities in the cyber-space shows that IT offers unlimited possibilities of running a business and developing an organisation. On the other hand, it involves a greater number of internal and external threats in the area of accounting information resources security. The objective of the paper is to diagnose the current level of accounting information resources security (AIRS) assurance in Polish business entities. The paper analyses two research hypotheses. In accordance with the first one, the AIRS assurance level in various entity groups may be different, even though all entities should have implemented the same requirements of the Accounting Act in the analyzed area. The identified differences may result from the effect of additional, industry-specific regulations. The other hypothesis claims that in the private business area, accounting and auditing companies adhere to AIRS regulations more strictly than other small and medium enterprises. The paper defines the fundamental factors affecting the functioning of corporate accounting systems in the three dimensions of the cyber-space. Subsequently, the author presents the results of empirical research on how corporate information security is ensured in the context of internal accounting control systems and the requirements of the Polish Accounting Act. The results of the empirical research show how the management of the analysed entities crafts the basic elements of their internal environment as well as internal communication and control processes connected with ensuring information resources security. The results also show the management’s approach to various aspects of risk management of accounting information resources security, as well as to adherence to organisational and administrative procedures, and to hardware and software safeguards in the IT environment of the accounting system. The issues analysed in the present paper open a scholarly discussion that should lead to the development of theoretical models, recommendation of efficient methods and tools, as well as indication of adequate legislative initiatives. Research methods used by the author include analysis of literature and legislation, analysis of survey results, deduction and inference.

scholarly journals Wieloaspektowość międzyjęzykowej ekwiwalencji stałych połączeń wyrazowych a ujęcie onomazjologiczne na przykładzie frazeologizmów typu tęga głowa

2020 ◽  
pp. 333-355
Author(s):  
Joanna Szerszunowicz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Multiword Expressions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Minor Significance ◽  
The Cross

The aim of this paper is to discuss the usefulness and reliability of the onomasiological approach in the cross-linguistic analysis of fixed multiword expressions based on the example of Polish phrases coined according to the model: ADJECTIVENOM FEM SING + GŁOWA ‘HEAD’ and their English and Italian counterparts. The three corpora are constituted by expressions registered in general and phraseological dictionaries of the respective languages to ensure that the units belong to the canon of Polish, English and Italian phraseological stock. The analysis of units collected for the purpose of the study clearly shows that in order to determine the true picture of cross-linguistic equivalence, the study should be focused on semantics of analysed phrases. Furthermore, the formal aspectmay be of minor significance in some cases due to the similarity of imagery of a source language idiom and the target language lexical item. On the other hand, stylistic value may have a great impact on the relation of cross-linguistic correspondence of the analysed units.

scholarly journals Guardianship and Parental Connections: Connections and Departures in Jeremy Bentham’s Account

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E Cox
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Previous Article ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Special Relations ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Personal Perspectives ◽  
The One

This article follows an earlier assessment of Bentham’s views on guardianship 1 that touched on but did not explore connections or departures between guardian-ward and parent-offspring relations, about which Bentham was not as precise as he might have been. Further, he added complexity to the issue by describing parents as occupying dual roles: guardians and ‘masters’ (employers) of their own offspring. These relations are now considered, on the one hand, in the wider context of ‘special relations’ and ‘duties’ and, on the other hand, alongside some appreciation of Bentham’s personal perspectives. However, the main object of the present article is to assess similarities and differences between parents and guardians in legal, status and functional terms. It uses the profile of guardian-ward relations provided by the previous article 2 as a benchmark. The article concludes by affirming that ‘being a parent’ and ‘being a guardian’ have quite different meanings.

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