Using automated methods to explore the social stratification of anglicisms in Spanish

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Serigos
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Logical Consequence ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Second Language Education ◽  
Linguistic Annotation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Automated Methods

AbstractTraditionally, automated methods for loanword detection have not received an abundance of attention within the field of language contact. However, as research on loanwords has begun utilizing corpora with word counts in the millions, these generous quantities of data pose challenges for traditional methods of linguistic annotation. This paper presents a method for automatically detecting anglicisms within Spanish text and presents a case study, applying this method to explore the social stratification of anglicisms in Argentine media. The findings of the case study suggest that anglicisms may function as prestige markers in Argentina, which may be a logical consequence of the mode of contact: those of upper socio-economic status have greater access to outlets where loanwords seem to emerge, such as the media, Internet, and second language education.

scholarly journals Sustainable Model of Organic Agriculture: A Case study of Nepalese Farmers

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Kumar Banjara ◽  
Meena Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Changing Trend

Epistemology of organic agriculture is logically and practically associated with the conventional farming practices. Organic agriculture can contribute in the social life of people by improving health and ecology. It is even more important for the preservation of natural resources. In relation to the importance of organic agriculture, the main objective of this study was to develop the sustainable model of organic agriculture. The study was based on the inductive approach; qualitative design. Study was conducted in 4 districts of Nepal among the 614 respondents. The result found that there was significant contribution made by the organic agriculture to improve the socio-economic status of farmers as well as to care the relationship between the human being and their environment. Family farming system is the fundamental base for changing trend of agriculture in worldwide practices. There is need to protect and enhance family farming through farmers’ cooperative for the sustainability of organic agriculture. The study developed the sustainable model covering the need of infrastructure development, policy improvement, and motivational factors for farmers and changing process of modern agriculture to organic agriculture. The roles of government, non-government, private sectors, individual farmers and consumers are equally important for the sustainability of organic agriculture. The model focuses on the collective effort of all responsible stakeholders. There is need to test the effectiveness of this model.

scholarly journals Livelihood Patterns of the Tibetan Refugees in Kathmandu

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-94
Author(s):  
Neelam Shahi
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Home Affair ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tibetan Refugees ◽  
Sampling Survey

This Study entitled as “Livelihood Pattern of the Tibetan Refugees in Nepal” (A Case Study of the Samdupling in Jawalakhel and Khampa Refugee Camp in Boudha- Jorpati) aims to discover the livelihood patterns of Tibetan refugees residing in the Samdupling camp in Jawalakhel and Khampa Refugee’s Camp in Boudha-Jorpati. The paper intends to examine the problems confronted by Tibetan refugees residing in the Samdupling camp and Khampa Refugee’s Camp. The study itself is conducted with the objectives of describing the present socio-economic status of Tibetan refugees dwelling in aforementioned camps located inside the Kathmandu valley and Lalitpur. This write-up not only deals with different livelihood aspects of Tibetan refugees but also compares the livelihood of two camps to list out the social, economic and political problems affecting their livelihood. However, this study is mainly based on the primary information and the data which were collected using the techniques of household survey and sampling survey, along with questionnaire and interview during the several field visits to camps. The paper concludes by stating that government intervention is required to resolve the issues affecting the livelihood of Tibetan refugees. Tibetan refugees’ problems required a political yet humanitarian resolution. The government needs to decide on whether to endow the citizenship or refugee card to the refugees who have been deprived of the both, or opt for the third-party settlement. For that Tibetans refugees also need to cooperate and coordinate with the refugees department under the Ministry of the Home Affair, Government of Nepal

scholarly journals The social dimension of participation and completion in MOOCs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Goglio ◽  
Paolo Parigi
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Course Completion ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Discussion Forums ◽  
Online Discussion Forums ◽  
The Social ◽  
Course Engagement

The rapid and impressive development of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in less than half a decade has brought about contrasting arguments about their social dimension. This paper investigates how the socio-economic background of learners affects their own experience and their chances of course completion. The analyses test whether learners from low socio-economic status (SES) have lower chances of completing the online course and whether participation in online discussion forums mediates the role of SES. Analyzing data from two MOOCs provided by Stanford University, we find that in both cases a negative association between low SES, course completion and course engagement is observed. Moreover, we find that forum participation has an ambiguous role, reinforcing the advantage of well-educated learners enrolled in one course, while does not have any significant effect for the other course. The paper concludes with some policy implications on social stratification in MOOCs and with some design suggestions for creators of MOOCs.

Language Contact

2020 ◽  
pp. 857-870
Author(s):  
Klaus Beyer
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Contact Linguistics ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Network Approach ◽  
Areal Linguistics ◽  
French Tradition

The chapter starts with a short history of contact studies related to Africa. It briefly looks at early works from Heine (pidgins in the Bantu area) and the French tradition exemplified in the LACITO series on language contact. Considerable space is given to the developments of the last ten years or so when areal linguistics (Aikhenvald and Dixon), linguistic geography (Heine and Nurse), and contact linguistics (Childs, Mesthrie) were put center stage in the African linguistic context. The second part of the chapter looks at methodological issues. Substantial space is given to social contexts in the description of contact-induced language change. The social network approach and other sociolinguistic tools are demonstrated by means of a brief case study from a West African rural contact zone.

scholarly journals The Social Stratification of Choice in the Transition to Adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco C Billari ◽  
Nicole Hiekel ◽  
Aart C Liefbroer
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThe occurrence and timing of major demographic decisions in the transition to adulthood is strongly stratified, with young adults with a high socio-economic status (SES) background usually experiencing many of these events later than young adults with a low SES background. To explain this social stratification, we outline a theoretical framework in which social stratification affects choice in the transition to adulthood through three, potentially reinforcing, pathways: stratified socialization, stratified agency, and stratified opportunity. We test our framework against longitudinal data from two waves of the Generations and Gender Surveys for Austria, Bulgaria, and France. We find evidence for the importance of all three pathways. Furthermore, processes differ little by gender, age and country context.

scholarly journals Not quite the same: The social stratification and phonetic conditioning of the foot–strut vowels in Manchester

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIELLE TURTON ◽  
MACIEJ BARANOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
North West ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vowel Space ◽  
Age Grading

The foot–strut vowel split, which has its origins in 17th century English, is notable for its absence from the speech of Northerners in England, where stood–stud remain homophones – both are pronounced with the same vowel /ʊ/. The present study analyses the speech of 122 speakers from Manchester in the North West of England. Although the vast majority of speakers exhibit no distinction between the foot and strut lexical sets in minimal-pair production and judgement tests, vowel height is correlated with socio-economic status: the higher the social class, the lower the strut vowel. Surprisingly, statistical models indicate that vowel class is a significant predictor of foot–strut in Manchester. This means that, for a speech community without the split, there remains an effect in the expected direction: strut vowels are lower than foot vowels in the vowel space. We suggest that co-articulatory effects of surrounding consonants explain this instrumental difference, as they have significant lowering/heightening effects on the acoustics but are not fully captured by our statistical model. We argue that the perplexing nature of the historical split can be partially accounted for in this data, as the frequency of co-occurring phonetic environments is notably different in foot than in strut, resulting in cumulative effects of co-articulation. We also present evidence of age grading which suggests that middle class speakers may develop a phonetic distinction as they age.

scholarly journals Exploring Sustainable Multilingual Language Policy in Minority Higher Education in China: A Case Study of the Tibetan Language

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubei Zhang ◽  
Linda Tsung ◽  
Zhuoma
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Multilingual Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
Higher Education In China ◽  
Education In China

This paper explores sustainable multilingual education policy for minority languages in one of the higher education institutions (HEI) in the Tibetan Autonomous Region (TAR) in China. Following Spolsky’s theory of language policy ecology, this study conducted a survey of 276 students, examining the language education policy implemented inside and outside the classroom in their campus lives. The data were analyzed from the perspective of policy orientation, management issues and actual linguistic practice. The results showed that Chinese, Tibetan and English were all valued and respected in the current policy; however, the academic function of language was mainly undertaken by Chinese, while the social function was equally shouldered by Chinese and Tibetan. The findings gave us an insight into the present status of language education in this specific HEI in Tibet, and further offered valuable information for the design of sustainable multilingual policies for minority education at the higher education level in China.

scholarly journals Understanding the Relationship between Water Infrastructure and Socio-Political Configurations: A Case Study from Sri Lanka

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavindra Paranage
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Infrastructure ◽  
Infrastructure Management ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Academic Scholarship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Downstream Communities

Academic scholarship in the social sciences has, in recent years, documented how water management infrastructure connects and disconnects people and flows, portraying and defining inequalities. The present work contributes to advancing this perspective by undertaking a case study to comparatively examine two irrigation-based water infrastructure systems in Sri Lanka: the tank cascade system and the surface irrigation system. The analysis demonstrates that differences in the layout of the water infrastructure directly contribute to the ways in which downstream communities are socially, economically and politically configured. Specifically, the arrangement of water infrastructure influences the degree of water users’ dependence on each other, the degree of social stratification between head-end and tail-end farmers, and the degree to which water is regarded as an ‘economic’ object. It can be concluded that the technical system of water infrastructure is inextricably bound to society and should, therefore, be considered a socio-material assemblage. Thus, it is important that policy decisions on water infrastructure management treat the structuring of infrastructure as experimental and potentially reversible.

scholarly journals A Study of Psycho-Educational Variables in the Light Socio-Economic Status

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawaid Ahmad Ittoo ◽  
Mukhtar Ahmad Wani
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Caste System ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lower Castes ◽  
Educational Variables

In spite of strict religious prohibition of caste system, yet the social stratification features have deeply crept into some Muslim societies and Kashmiri society is no exception. The proper reason might be due to the fact that Kashmiri people have retained some Pre-Islamic features despite conversion. The Kashmiri society is considered to be composed of 1906 castes which are just like other societies categorised into upper, middle and lower castes. At the upper end are Syeds, Khans and Pathans and at the lower end are watal, teeli, Gurjar, lohar etc. In the light of social psychology, the caste in which an individual is born and reared has a significant effect on the personality of that individual (Linton, 1936). Personality traits are expressed in learning styles, which in turn are reflected in learning strategies which eventually produce a certain learning outcome (Heinstorm, 2000). For the present study a sample of 800 students was drawn from seven castes of Kashmir valley i.e. two from dominant upper caste (Syeds and Khan) and another five from under- privileged lower caste (Hajam, Kumar, Gurjar,Lohar and Teeli,) through cluster sampling technique.

scholarly journals Language learning strategies and teaching practices in adult L2 education

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Annika Shaswar ◽  
Åsa Wedin
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Language Learning Strategies ◽  
Second Language Education ◽  
The Individual

This article highlights the use and co-construction of language learning strategies (LLS) in second language education for adults with short previous education. In a case study, we explore how LLS are used and co-constructed by one student and one teacher. The data for the article was created in an action research programme comprising two Swedish for Immigrants (SFI) schools, and the methodology used was classroom observation based in linguistic ethnography. In accordance with Griffiths (2013, p. 15) LLS are defined as “activities consciously chosen by learners for the purpose of regulating their own language learning”. For the analysis of LLS, Oxford’s (1990) taxonomy was chosen. In the chosen case the teacher and student co-constructed direct and indirect strategies. In their co-construction, they sometimes seemed to work together, both using a strategy initiated by one of them, and sometimes appeared to have opposite goals, so that the teacher-initiated strategies turned out as complicated for the student, while the student-initiated strategies were counteracted by the teacher. Some of the LLS promoted by the teacher that were difficult for the student seemed to demand literacy skills that he had not yet developed. This underlines the importance of adapting teaching to the language and literacy competences of the individual learner. It also highlights the importance of further research on LLS with this group of students in order to find strategies that work in the process of developing functional literacy skills.

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