Beiwerk als Werk

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-206
Author(s):  
Toni Bernhart
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
German Literature ◽  
Franz Kafka ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Young Student ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Successful Attempt ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Love Letters

AbstractAfter Love Letters by Christopher Strachey in 1954, Stochastische Texte by the mathematician Theo Lutz in 1959 were the first successful attempt in the world to create a literary text through a computer. In 2019, Lutz’s archive was acquired by the German Literature Archive (Deutsches Literaturarchiv Marbach). It includes a large number of previously undiscovered and unpublished items which made possible the attempt to reconstruct the generation of the text in a number of steps. Lutz’s experiment was inspired by the philosopher Max Bense, whose work was assisted by a young student, Rul Gunzenhäuser, who would himself later prove to be a pioneer in informatics. It took its starting point from words extracted from the novel Das Schloss by Franz Kafka. Lutz subsequently wrote a computer program in order to generate a randomly assembled text on a Zuse Z 22 machine. In a final step, the text was then poetically revised by the author.

scholarly journals The philosophical problems in modern fiction: The concept of being in E. Schmitt’s "Noah’s child"

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 03012
Author(s):  
Elena Ivanova ◽  
Ekaterina Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Human Perception ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Moral Choice ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Fiction ◽  
The Given

The article is devoted to the analysis of the novel by a contemporary writer, E.E. Schmitt “Noah‟s child” in terms of the realization of the important philosophical problems, updated with the time. The novelty of the given material is due primarily to the choice of the author, whose work is still to be reflected. This article examines the philosophical issues of existence implemented at various levels of the literary text: from the title to its symbolism. Drawing on biblical and historical material, in a novelistic genre E. Schmitt managed to present his vision of the problems of faith and disbelief, identity of the nation, the moral choice, etc. While not denying the value of the God in human perception of the world, the writer asserts the idea that the man himself is responsible for all what is happening on the ground and in the society, so the novel “Noah‟s child” can be seen as a passionate appeal to contemporaries to strive for the harmony of coexistence.

Intercultural Communication in Translingual Literary Text (based on the cycle of A. Zhaksylykov “Dreams of the Damned”)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 241-251
Author(s):  
Olga A. Valikova ◽  
◽  
Nina V. Shchennikova ◽  
Sheker A. Kulieva
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Narrative Strategies ◽  
New Novel ◽  
Original Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Artistic Images

The purpose of this article is to analyze the transcultural literary text as a space for the “meeting” of languages and cultures. The modern world exists in the conditions of global transculturalism (F. Ortiz), when sign systems interact, giving rise to new images of the world. The language, which translates into a wide communicative space the elements of the original culture for the author, experiences its influence on itself. The literary text acquires multidimensionality and “convexity” due to the inclusion in it of alternative genre forms, narrative strategies and tactics, archetypes. On the basis of the novel series “Dreams of the Damned”, written by the Kazakh writer A. Zhaksylykov, we demonstrate in this work the mechanisms of “internal intercultural interaction” between Kazakh and Russian cultures, using the methods of hermeneutic commentary, mythopoetic and narrative analysis. We come to the conclusion that cultural content requires the creation of adequate forms of artistic representation. The result is the creation of new novel forms of depiction, the complication of the artistic images of the world and the strengthening of the empathic effect that a literary text can provide.

scholarly journals Felix Culpa: Salvific Sin in the Play The Satin Slipper and in the Novel The Brothers Karamazov

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
Tatiana Kashina
Keyword(s):  
Human Freedom ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Garden Of Eden ◽  
New Man ◽  
Spiritual Change ◽  
The Brothers Karamazov ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Brothers Karamazov

The article attempts to compare the soteriological ideas of the play The Satin Slipper and the novel The Brothers Karamazov, two texts in which the authors express themselves most fully as theologians. For both texts, the theme of sin and atonement is central. The epigraphs to Paul Claudel’s play are two statements about the saving potential of sin. In Dostoevsky’s novel, it can be seen how sin becomes the most important starting point for further positive spiritual change of heroes. However, in his play, Claudel not only shows the possibility for sin to become the starting point for the conversion of protagonists, but also shows that in a certain sense the salvation of the world needs sin. For example, the main characters of the Satin Slipper make a kind of symbolic escape from paradise (Don Rodrigo leaves the Jesuit novitiate, Dona Prouhèze escapes from the “Garden of Eden” planted for her by her husband) and this allows them to reveal themselves in fullness and to realize their vocation, which is salvific for the world. Mitya Karamazov at the end of Dostoevsky’s novel says that the “new man” in him “would never have come to the surface” if certain things had not happened (and what happened includes a series of Mitya’s sins). This reminds of the idea of “happy guilt”, a term from the Latin hymn Exultet, which refers to the need for sin for the redemption. However, as Claudel shows, even by the very name of his play (Dona Prouhèze, before making her escape, donates her satin slipper as a gift to the Mother of God so that the Blessed Virgin would prevent her from taking the path of evil) suggests that sin becomes salvation only thanks to human freedom.

scholarly journals LANGUAGE MEANS OF DESCRIPTION OF THE CONCEPT «LOVE OF LIFE» IN INDIVIDUAL AUTHOR’S PICTURE OF THE WORLD OF N. KAZANDZAKIS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE NOVEL «ZORBA THE GREEK»)

2020 ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Элина Павловна Чакалова ◽  
Зарина Ашотовна Фарамазян
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Geographical Characteristics ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Linguistic Means

Концепт рассматривается как факт культуры и формирует систему знаний человека о мире, он позволяет нам конкретизировать наиболее характерные признаки изучаемой нами культуры. Цель данной статьи - выявление значимости лингвокультурного концепта «жизнелюбие» для понимания индивидуальной картины мира автора. Задача исследования состоит в том, чтобы описать и проанализировать лингвистические средства, которые наполняют один из характерных для греческой культуры концептов, на основе художественного текста, так как художественный текст предлагает авторские интерпретации ключевых понятий, составляющих национальную картину мира. Актуальность данного исследования определяется необходимостью выявить значимость лингвистических и этноспецифических особенностей в изучении поведенческих характеристик народа и греческого менталитета в ходе анализа языковых единиц и сопутствующих культурологических факторов, наполняющих концепт «жизнелюбие» в индивидуальной авторской картине мира. В статье рассматриваются примеры и из художественного текста «Грек Зорба» греческого классика Никоса Казандзакиса, анализируются языковые средства выражения указанного концепта. Содержание данного текста насыщено культурными, историческими и географическими понятиями и характеристиками, что позволило нам взять его за основу исследования культуры и менталитета Греции. В процессе изучения материала, а именно греческого художественного текста, мы применили методы эмпирического и теоретического исследования. Также использовались компонентный и контекстуальный методы изучения. В данном исследовании отмечается влияние концепта на языковую личность, так как языковая личность является собирательным образом представителя определенных культурно-языковых ценностей. Специфика языковой картины мира и идиолекта характеризует языковую личность автора. The concept is considered as a fact of culture and forms a system of human knowledge about the world, it allows us to reveal the most characteristic features of the Greek culture we are studying. The aim of this article is to identify the significance of the linguistic-cultural concept «Love of life» to understand the writer’s individual picture of the world. The objective of the study is to characterize the linguistic means that form one of the basic concepts of the Greek worldview based on the literary text, since the literary text shows author’s interpretations of key concepts that make up the national picture of the world. While studying this topic and analyzing the language units considered in the article, we were able to represent the relevance of the concept «Love of life» and related cultural factors to understand the author’s picture of the world, and this also allowed us to demonstrate the importance of linguistic and ethno-specific features in the study of the behavioral characteristics and Greek mentality. The article discusses the examples from the literary text «Zorba the Greek» by the Greek classic Nikos Kazantzakis and analyzes the linguistic means of expression. The content of this text is saturated with cultural, historical and geographical characteristics, which allowed us to consider it as a basis for studying the culture and mentality of Greece. In the direct study of textual material, empirical and theoretical research methods were used: analysis, synthesis, comparison, as well as component and contextual methods of study. The article underlines the influence of the concept on the linguistic personality formation, as we know the linguistic personality is a generalized image of the storage of cultural and linguistic values. The author’s linguistic personality is characterized by the specificity of his linguistic worldview and vocabulary.

scholarly journals NASMIJANO BEZUMLJE U IZVANBRODSKOM DNEVNIKU SLOBODANA NOVAKA

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-99
Author(s):  
Dragan Gligora
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Basic Strategy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Circular Structure ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Poetic Function ◽  
Almost All

SMILING INSANITY IN OUTBOARD LOG BOOK BY SLOBODAN NOVAK The paper argues that the starting point of Novak’s novel Outboard Log Book is a “twisted” world based on a paradox, which influences the main elements and strategies of narration. Due to this “twisted” feature of the novel, which is determined mostly politically and ideologically, the “disturbed perspective” prevails in the text. Since the basic strategy in the novel is the pun, i.e. world play, whose symbolism and meanings interconnect the plot, composition, narration, and the signifiers. The character of Magistar, transformed into a fool and an outcast in this upside-down world, can oppose the ideology and language as its main stronghold, only with “silence ideology” (known from previous Novak’s novels We Should Think Further, Southern Thoughts, and It Should Die Logically.), or he can try “to undermine it with the language itself”. When the world cannot be interpreted by language, almost all its functions are lost. What remains is the poetic function that becomes embedded in irony. The paradigmatic syntagm a shell that makes a noise embodies the individuality and further justifies literariness. However, it becomes obvious that even that “pledge” of art can be both disruptive and contradictory. The protagonist’s return to the island signals a circular structure of the key narrative strand, as well as his journey. Puns, playing with paradoxes, twists and replacements, as well as “the aspiration for logical dying” “are reconciled” at the end of the third part of the novel entitled Necropolis, which is visible in the “equalization of the opposing worlds”, and in finding a solution to the problem of temporality.

scholarly journals Motives of Home and Homelessness in the Novel by F.M. Dostoevsky “The Brothers Karamazov”

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-244
Author(s):  
Meruert B. Yeleussizova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Special Role ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Brothers Karamazov ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Brothers Karamazov

The article is devoted to the study of the complex motive home-antidome in the work of F. Dostoevsky The Brothers Karamazov. Studying the motive as a key unit of narratology, the author comes to the conclusion that in Dostoevskys poetry a special role is played by antinomic motives, the multidirectional semantic potential of which contributes to the complexity of the poetic dialectic of the writer. Thus, the motive of the home in Dostoevskys novel is inextricably linked with the motives of homelessness, wandering, the search for the place in the world by the heroes of the novel. Each of the heroes of the novel is a bearer of the motive function of home. The image of old Karamazov is associated with the idea of desacralizing the house as an intimate, family space. Each of the brothers is in a transit situation, not having, according to the thesis of Yu.M. Lotman, fastening to a certain topos. Homelessness becomes for heroes of the work the starting point of a spiritual search. Using the methods of linguistic-poetic and literary analysis, the author of the article concludes that the motives of the anti-home in the Brothers Karamazov novelty explicate the writers idea of a person and his place in the world, and in a broader sense, of the past and future of Russia, which has lost touch with previous generations and faith in God.

scholarly journals Motives of Home and Homelessness in the Novel by F.M. Dostoevsky “The Brothers Karamazov”

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-244
Author(s):  
Meruert B. Yeleussizova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Special Role ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Brothers Karamazov ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Brothers Karamazov

The article is devoted to the study of the complex motive home-antidome in the work of F. Dostoevsky The Brothers Karamazov. Studying the motive as a key unit of narratology, the author comes to the conclusion that in Dostoevskys poetry a special role is played by antinomic motives, the multidirectional semantic potential of which contributes to the complexity of the poetic dialectic of the writer. Thus, the motive of the home in Dostoevskys novel is inextricably linked with the motives of homelessness, wandering, the search for the place in the world by the heroes of the novel. Each of the heroes of the novel is a bearer of the motive function of home. The image of old Karamazov is associated with the idea of desacralizing the house as an intimate, family space. Each of the brothers is in a transit situation, not having, according to the thesis of Yu.M. Lotman, fastening to a certain topos. Homelessness becomes for heroes of the work the starting point of a spiritual search. Using the methods of linguistic-poetic and literary analysis, the author of the article concludes that the motives of the anti-home in the Brothers Karamazov novelty explicate the writers idea of a person and his place in the world, and in a broader sense, of the past and future of Russia, which has lost touch with previous generations and faith in God.

scholarly journals I originally wanted to write the title Brethren, but I wrote Brotherhood... Jirásek brotherhood impressions

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 272-297
Author(s):  
Mira Nábělková
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Textual Basis

Abstract The study, dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vincent Blanár, offers a comparative Czech-Slovak view of the lexeme brother (Czech bratr – Slovak brat) in its paradigmatic relations. The analysis is based on a specific textual basis, the novel Bratrstvo (Brotherhood) by the Czech writer Alois Jirásek. The starting point of the comparison is the Czech original and two Slovak translations of this literary text, which shows a remarkably wide range of semantic concretizations of the polysemic word brother. In the Czech-Slovak comparison, various morphosyntactic, lexical-semantic, derivational and collocational differences appear. In a comparative view, the sphere of addressing is particularly interesting.

scholarly journals “Foran loven”

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-278
Author(s):  
Aldona Zańko
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Short Fiction ◽  
Franz Kafka ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Universal Truth ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Human Condition

Abstract The novel The trial, telling the story of the groundless arrest and prosecution of the bank clerk Josef K., remains one of the bestknown and most influential works written by Franz Kafka. Depicting the pointless struggle of a man placed at the mercy of a remote, inaccessible authority, it gives a symbolic account of the human condition in the modern era, characterised by the lack of universal truth, estrangement, confusion and existential impotence. Grasping the very idea of existential modernity, the novel provides ongoing inspiration for a great number of modernist and postmodernist writers all over the world, including Scandinavia. In the article presented below, The trial is examined as an intertext within the genre of the Scandinavian short prose, as it unfolds at breakthrough of modernism and postmodernism. Starting with the literary and critical works of the Danish modernist Villy Sørensen, and moving forward throughout the Danish and Norwegian minimalism of the 1990's, the paper discusses a range of different aspects of The trial, as they reappear in the short stories written by some of the main representatives of the Scandinavian short story. In this way, the article elucidates the relevance of Kafka's novel as an intertext for contemporary Scandinavian short fiction, as well as draws attention to the dialogical dimension of the genre.

scholarly journals At the Origins of Modern Lithuanian Literary Studies. Phenomenon of Juozas Eretas

2019 ◽  
pp. 155-168
Author(s):  
Silvestras Gaižiūnas
Keyword(s):  
German Literature ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Critical Survey ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Philosophical Criticism ◽  
Germanic Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Universal Nature

The article under studies is a critical survey of the activities of a Swiss scholar Juozas Eretas (1896–1984), one of the founders of Lithuanian Literary Studies, whose origin is closely related to the revival of the Lithuanian State (1918 р). Raised on the principles of the so-called Fribourg School, J. Eretas may be regarded as a vivid example of a catholic scientist. He emphasized the importance of the connection between research and thinking. In the 20-30s, having mastered the Lithuanian language, under the influence of the first translations of the world literary works into Lithuanian, Eretas laid the foundation of analytical criticism. He also took up the translation and, at the same time, became the founder of Lithuanian Germanic Studies, paying most of his attention to the Medieval German Literature, the heritage of mystics, the literature of “storm and drive”, particularly the works by Goethe and Schiller. In addition, Eretas made a considerable contribution to Lithuanian Theory of Literature: “Creating Philosophical Criticism in Literature” (lecture, 1922), “Philosophy and Poetry” (1924), “Methods of Literary Analysis” (1929). Eretas’ approach to German Literature was purely conceptual and rested on the idea of its universal nature (especially concerning Goethe): monographs “Young Goethe” (1932) and “Goethe Hundred Years Later” (1933). It is worth mentioning Eretas’ attitude to Goethe’s “Faust”. He interprets the main character typologically, as an eternal image of the world culture, pointing hereby to the increased attention to this image during the epoch of “storm and drive”. Eretas’ interpretation of the images of Faust and Mephistopheles, which present the idea of “dual world” that is so peculiar for Romanticism, seems very interesting and promising. Besides, Eretas was first in Lithuanian Literary Studies to refer to Goethe’s “Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship” as to the novel of upbringing. Another significant subject of Eretas’ research was the History of World Mystics (the work “From the History of Mystics”, as well as the monographs on Tauler, Eckhart and Suso).

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