scholarly journals Comparison of Indoor/Outdoor, RSSI-Based Positioning Using 433, 868 or 2400 MHz ISM Bands

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-399
Author(s):  
Łukasz Chruszczyk ◽  
Adam Zając
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Positioning Error ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Personal Use ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indication

Abstract This paper compares accuracy of indoor positioning systems using one of three selected ISM bands: 433, 868 or 2400 MHz. Positioning is based on Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI), received by majority of ISM RF modules, including low-cost ones. Investigated environment is single, indoor space (e.g. office, hall) and personal use, thus 2-dimensional (2D) coordinate system is used. Obtained results, i.a. average positioning error, are compared with similar measurements taken at outdoor, open space environment. The system is local, i.e. its operational area is limited by range of used RF modules – typical a few tens of meters. The main focus is research of how much accuracy (and usefulness) can be expected from standard RF modules working at typical ISM frequencies.

Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Soft Computing Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar Singh ◽  
Prabhat Kumar ◽  
Jyoti Prakash Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Received Signal Strength ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Localization Scheme ◽  
Anchor Nodes ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indication ◽  
Logic System

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is formed by a large number of low-cost sensors. In order to exchange information, sensor nodes communicate in an ad hoc manner. The acquired information is useful only when the location of sensors is known. To use GPS-aided devices in each sensor makes sensors more costly and energy hungry. Hence, finding the location of nodes in WSNs becomes a major issue. In this paper, the authors propose a combination of range based and range-free localization scheme. In their scheme, for finding the distance, they use received signal strength indication (RSSI), which is a range based center of gravity technique. For finding the location of non-anchor nodes, the authors assign weights to anchor and non-anchor nodes based on received signal strength. The weight, which is assigned to anchor and non-anchor nodes, are designed by fuzzy logic system (FLS).

RFID Positioning

2012 ◽  
pp. 69-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guenther Retscher ◽  
Ming Zhu ◽  
Kefei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Sensor Integration ◽  
Integrated Systems ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Sensor Positioning

This chapter investigates the techniques and algorithms for low-cost and portable ubiquitous indoor/outdoor personal positioning systems that use Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) based multi-sensor integration. This includes, for example, integrating RFID with Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), Inertial Navigation System (INS), and/or GNSS. Different positioning scenarios and technologies are discussed and assessed. Their principles of operation and the factors that affect signal strength measurements are analysed in detail. This is followed by an in-depth investigation of the achievable positioning accuracies and the corresponding application scenarios. Results of static and kinematic experiments conducted in indoor and outdoor environment show that positioning accuracies at the meter level can be achieved using RFID based integrated systems. The algorithms developed can be readily deployed in portable multi-sensor positioning systems for LBS.

The Benefit and Importance of Mobile Satellite Signal in Northern Nigeria: GPS Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Abba ◽  
◽  
Salisu Muhammad ◽  
Lawan Bashir D. Bala ◽  
Emmanuel Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Gps Receiver ◽  
Satellite Signal ◽  
Mobile Satellite ◽  
Set Up

Lack of equipment to study mobile satellites signal propagation in colleges and universities prone this research work. A Handheld GPS receiver used as a tool for training college students to learn mobile satellite signal propagation using Global Positioning System (GPS) approach. These refer to the experimental setup of the equipment that is the connection done between the GPS receiver with a computer. The satellite propagation data received from the GPS machine can be recorded continuously with an updates rate of 2 seconds. The experiment was carried out in an open space environment at predetermine locations using simple setup, where a cheap, readily and available portable GPS receiver were connected to the computer to acquire propagation data. The computer was equipped with a self-developed package graphical user interface (GUI) monitoring the propagation information from the GPS satellites and saving the data. The developed system can be set up anywhere at any location. The sate-up will serve as a database for satellites view and analysis of mobile satellite data orbiting the sky of Northern part of Nigeria. Cost effective referring to a low-cost and readily available GPS receiver that can be easily set-up as compared to equipment designed specifically for an experimental purpose that is normally very expensive.

The Method of the Global Positioning Based on RSSI

2012 ◽  
Vol 198-199 ◽  
pp. 1438-1441
Author(s):  
Ming Ming Tian ◽  
Zong Jiu Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Received Signal Strength ◽  
Positioning Error ◽  
Underground Coal Mine ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Positioning Algorithm ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indication ◽  
Vertical Positioning ◽  
Communication Radius

A novel Global Positioning Algorithm for Workers in Underground Coal Mine Based on RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) is proposed and implemented. The innovation of the algorithm is the RSSI optimization and GIS auxiliary positioning. The RSSI optimization can reduces the error caused when the blind code is too closed to the reference node, and GIS auxiliary positioning is to solve the problem that the number of the reference codes in the communication radius of blind code is less than three. Experimental Results Indicate that Global positioning algorithm has the average vertical positioning error less than 4m, the horizontal error less than 1/2 roadway width, and the positioning cycle less than 1s, with better positioning and tracking performance, and expands the coverage of the network of underground positioning.

scholarly journals Comparison of 2.4 and 5 GHz WLAN Network for Purpose of Indoor and Outdoor Location

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Chruszczyk ◽  
Adam Zając ◽  
Damian Grzechca
Keyword(s):  
Signal Strength ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor Environments ◽  
5 Ghz ◽  
Network Adapters ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indication ◽  
Outdoor Location ◽  
Standard Components ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Abstract This paper presents comparison of prototype location system built with standard components of 2.4 and 5 GHz WLAN network infrastructure. The system can be used for personal or other objects’ positioning, both for indoor and outdoor environments. The system is local, i.e. its operational area is limited to WLAN network operating range. The system is based on standard and widely available WLAN components (access points, network adapters). The goal is to avoid any hardware and software modifications. Also position calculation should not be power hungry operation. Method of location is based in Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) returned by most of RF ICs (including WLAN). The main focus is research of how much accuracy (and usefulness) can be expected from standard WLAN hardware. Both static and dynamic scenarios have been tested and compared.

scholarly journals Position Tracking Techniques Using Multiple Receivers for Anti-Drone Systems

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Jae-Min Shin ◽  
Yu-Sin Kim ◽  
Tae-Won Ban ◽  
Suna Choi ◽  
Kyu-Min Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Position Tracking ◽  
Memory Process ◽  
Multiple Receivers ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indication ◽  
Control Management

The need for drone traffic control management has emerged as the demand for drones increased. Particularly, in order to control unauthorized drones, the systems to detect and track drones have to be developed. In this paper, we propose the drone position tracking system using multiple Bluetooth low energy (BLE) receivers. The proposed system first estimates the target’s location, which consists of the distance and angle, while using the received signal strength indication (RSSI) signals at four BLE receivers and gradually tracks the target based on the estimated distance and angle. We propose two tracking algorithms, depending on the estimation method and also apply the memory process, improving the tracking performance by using stored previous movement information. We evaluate the proposed system’s performance in terms of the average number of movements that are required to track and the tracking success rate.

scholarly journals Hybrid Deep Learning Model Based Indoor Positioning Using Wi-Fi RSSI Heat Maps for Autonomous Applications

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Alwin Poulose ◽  
Dong Seog Han
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Signal Interference ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Heat Maps ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Localization Performance ◽  
Deep Learning Model

Positioning using Wi-Fi received signal strength indication (RSSI) signals is an effective method for identifying the user positions in an indoor scenario. Wi-Fi RSSI signals in an autonomous system can be easily used for vehicle tracking in underground parking. In Wi-Fi RSSI signal based positioning, the positioning system estimates the signal strength of the access points (APs) to the receiver and identifies the user’s indoor positions. The existing Wi-Fi RSSI based positioning systems use raw RSSI signals obtained from APs and estimate the user positions. These raw RSSI signals can easily fluctuate and be interfered with by the indoor channel conditions. This signal interference in the indoor channel condition reduces localization performance of these existing Wi-Fi RSSI signal based positioning systems. To enhance their performance and reduce the positioning error, we propose a hybrid deep learning model (HDLM) based indoor positioning system. The proposed HDLM based positioning system uses RSSI heat maps instead of raw RSSI signals from APs. This results in better localization performance for Wi-Fi RSSI signal based positioning systems. When compared to the existing Wi-Fi RSSI based positioning technologies such as fingerprint, trilateration, and Wi-Fi fusion approaches, the proposed approach achieves reasonably better positioning results for indoor localization. The experiment results show that a combination of convolutional neural network and long short-term memory network (CNN-LSTM) used in the proposed HDLM outperforms other deep learning models and gives a smaller localization error than conventional Wi-Fi RSSI signal based localization approaches. From the experiment result analysis, the proposed system can be easily implemented for autonomous applications.

METHANOGENIC ARCHAEA IN THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
V.I. Oshurkova ◽  
◽  
Е.А. Deshevaya ◽  
N.E. Suzina ◽  
N.E. Shubralova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
External Exposure ◽  
International Space ◽  
Methanosarcina Mazei ◽  
Dormant Cells ◽  
Space Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum Uv

Next phase of experiment TEST is aimed to evaluate microbial viability after a prolonged external exposure on the International space station (ISS). Methanogenic archaea isolated from various habitats have been tested in ground facilities for the ability to survive exposure to such open space factors as UV and vacuum. Methanosarcina mazei S-6T (VKM B-1636T) was found to be the most viable and, therefore, suitable for the experiment. Our investigations showed that the Methanosarcina mazei population maintained viability in the course of 24-month exposure. On this evidence we conclude that genome of this metanogenic archaea possesses mechanisms against the space vacuum, UV and thermal differences that, probably, underlie the ability of the strain to form peculiar cyst-like dormant cells.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of LoRa Transmission over Seawater

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Jovalekic ◽  
Vujo Drndarevic ◽  
Ermanno Pietrosemoli ◽  
Iain Zennaro
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
Receive Signal Strength Indicator ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Actual Signal ◽  
Path Condition ◽  
Clear Line

Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) are gaining attention in both academia and industry by offering the possibility of connecting a large number of nodes over extended distances. LoRa is one of the technologies used as a physical layer in such networks. This paper investigates the LoRa links over seawater in two typical scenarios: clear Line-of-Sight (LOS) and obstructed path in two different Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) radio bands: 868 MHz and 434 MHz. We used three different LoRa devices in the experiments: the Own Developed LoRa Transceiver (ODT) and two commercial transceivers. Firstly we investigated transceivers’ Receive Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and Signal-to-Noise (SNR) measurement chain linearity and provided correction factors for RSSI to correlate it with actual signal levels received at transceivers’ inputs. Next, we carried out field experiments for three different LoRa Spreading Factors, S F ∈ [ 7 , 10 , 12 ] , within a bandwidth of B W = 125 kHz and Coding Rate C R = 4 / 6 . The experiments showed that LoRa links are fully feasible over seawater at distances at least 22 km long, using only low-cost off-the-shelf rubber duck antennas in LOS path condition in both ISM bands. In addition, we showed that LoRa links can be established over 28 km obstructed LOS oversea path in ISM 434 MHz band, but using costly, higher gain antennas. Furthermore, the laboratory experiments revealed that RSSI is linear in a wide range, up to - 50 dBm, whereas the SNR measurement chain goes into saturation for Received Signal Strength (RSS) values higher than - 100 dBm. These findings enabled accurate interpretation of the results obtained in field experiments.

scholarly journals Structure and optical properties of diamond-like carbon coatings

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-289
Author(s):  
N. M. Chekan ◽  
I. P. Akula ◽  
E. P. Shpak ◽  
A. N. Navitskii
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Method ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Chemical Deposition ◽  
Temperature Cycling ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Film Material ◽  
Dlc Coatings ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gas ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Using a hybrid method of cathodic arc (PVD) and chemical (CVD) deposition from the gas phase, a new type of coatings containing high amount of sp3 bonds of carbon, capable of absorbing effectively light has been developed.This thin film material is a promised one for optical devices operating in open space environment as antireflective coating  for photoreceiver bodies. The hybrid method permits to obtain effective light absorbing coatings having excellent mechanical and tribological properties and is able to sustain temperature cycling in a range from plus 150 to minus 100 oC.  The optical characteristics of DLC coatings were studied depending on the content of sp2bound content. The combined physical and chemical deposition of DLC coatings allows to achieve a sufficiently high light absorption (a~10 5 cm–1) and low reflection with a relatively small coating thickness about 1 mm. It has been established that the antireflective properties of such coatings depend on the conditions for their preparation, first of all on hydrocarbon gas pressure 

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