scholarly journals The effect of nozzle hole diameter of 3D printing on porosity and tensile strength parts using polylactic acid material

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 762-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joko Triyono ◽  
Heru Sukanto ◽  
Rizki Mica Saputra ◽  
Dharu Feby Smaradhana
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Hole Diameter ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Nozzle Hole ◽  
Line Type

AbstractNozzle hole diameter of 3D printer (3DP) can be varied to obtain required product quality as well as to reduce manufacturing times. The use of larger diameter may accelerate manufacturing times of products, yet the product quality, including the mechanical properties, still needs to be investigated profoundly. The purpose of this work is to investigate experimentally the effect of nozzle hole diameter of 3DP to the surface quality, accuracy, and the strength of the product. The specimens were manufactured by fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing using polylactic acid (PLA) as the filaments.Bed temperature, extruder temperature and printing speed were set to be 60∘C, 200∘C and 80 mm/s respectively. The thickness of each layer was set at the ratio of 20% to the nozzle hole diameter. Infill pattern was determined by using line type of 100%. Nozzle hole diameter of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6mmwas compared in thiswork. The results show that bigger nozzle hole diameter enhanced the density and tensile strength of the products thought it was not linearly correlation.

scholarly journals The use of statistical techniques to study the machine parameters affecting the properties of 3D printed cotton/polylactic acid fabrics

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 155892502092853
Author(s):  
Nonsikelelo Sheron Mpofu ◽  
Josphat Igadwa Mwasiagi ◽  
Londiwe Cynthia Nkiwane ◽  
David Njuguna Githinji
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Extrusion Temperature ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Printing Speed

Textile materials have been combined with polymers using 3D printing technology, thus producing structures with novel properties. The aim of this study was to use statistical methods to determine the effect of 3D printing machine parameters on the mechanical properties of cotton fabrics combined with polylactic acid. Polylactic acid was printed on a cotton fabric using an Athena Fused Deposition Modelling 3D printer. The effect of extrusion temperature, printing speed, fill density and model height on adhesion force before and after washing was investigated. A study of the tensile strength was also undertaken using a central composite rotatable design and regression analysis. The experimental data were used to develop regression models to predict the properties of the cotton/ polylactic acid structures. The model for adhesion force before washing yielded a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.75 and an optimum adhesion force of 50.06 N/cm. The model for adhesion force had an R2 value of 0.84 and an optimum adhesion force of 42.91 N/cm and showed that adhesion force reduced after washing. Adhesion forces before and after washing were both positively correlated to extrusion temperature. However, they reduced with an increase in printing speed and model height. A positive correlation exists between tensile strength and temperature, while a negative correlation exists between tensile strength and printing speed and model height. From the results of this study, it was concluded that 3D printing parameters have an effect on the properties of the structures.

scholarly journals Tensile and Bending Strength Improvements in PEEK Parts Using Fused Deposition Modelling 3D Printing Considering Multi-Factor Coupling

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Li ◽  
Yan Lou
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Molded Parts ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Printing Direction

Compared with laser-based 3D printing, fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing technology is simple and safe to operate and has a low cost and high material utilization rate; thus, it is widely used. In order to promote the application of FDM 3D printing, poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) was used as a printing material to explore the effect of multi-factor coupling such as different printing temperatures, printing directions, printing paths, and layer thicknesses on the tensile strength, bending strength, crystallinity, and grain size of FDM printed PEEK parts. The aim was to improve the mechanical properties of the 3D printed PEEK parts and achieve the same performance as the injection molded counterparts. The results show that when the thickness of the printed layer is 0.1 mm and the printing path is 180° horizontally at 525 °C, the tensile strength of the sample reaches 87.34 MPa, and the elongation reaches 38%, which basically exceeds the tensile properties of PEEK printed parts reported in previous studies and is consistent with the tensile properties of PEEK injection molded parts. When the thickness of the printed layer is 0.3 mm, the printing path is 45°, and with vertical printing direction at a printing temperature of 525 °C, the bending strength of the sample reaches 159.2 MPa, which exceeds the bending performance of injection molded parts by 20%. It was also found that the greater the tensile strength of the printed specimen, the more uniform the size of each grain, and the higher the crystallinity of the material. The highest crystallinity exceeded 30%, which reached the crystallinity of injection molded parts.

FDM 3D Printing Technology in Manufacturing Composite Elements

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1415-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Material Deposition ◽  
Feedstock Production ◽  
And Robotics

Abstract In recent years, FDM technology (Fused Deposition Modelling) has become one of the most widely-used rapid prototyping methods for various applications. This method is based on fused fibre material deposition on a drop-down platform, which offers the opportunity to design and introduce new materials, including composites. The material most commonly used in FDM is ABS, followed by PC, PLA, PPSF, ULTEM9085 and mixtures thereof. Recently, work has been done on the possibility of applying ABS blends: steel powders, aluminium, or even wood ash. Unfortunately, most modern commercial systems are closed, preventing the use of any materials other than those of the manufacturer. For this reason, the Department of Manufacturing Systems (KSW) of AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering And Robotics purchased a 3D printer with feeding material from trays reel, which allows for the use of other materials. In addition, a feedstock production system for the 3D printer has been developed and work has started on the creation of new composite materials utilising ceramics.

scholarly journals Simulation of Printer Nozzle for 3D Printing TNT/HMX Based Melt-Cast Explosive

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huzeng Zong ◽  
Qilun Cong ◽  
Tengyue Zhang ◽  
Yanjun Hao ◽  
Lei Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Energetic Material ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Fluent Software ◽  
Velocity Pressure

Abstract Fused deposition modelling (FDM) has been one of the most widely used rapid prototyping (RP) technologies, which has been attracted increasing attentions in the world. However, existing literatures about energetic material flow inside the 3D printer nozzle are sparse. For plunger 3D printer, we summarized the experimental and related literatures, finding that viscosity, temperature, outlet velocity, pressure, and nozzle diameter are the main factors to affect the flow state in the nozzle. Based on the actual printer nozzle structure, in this paper, a finite element model was established by SOLIDWORKS software firstly, meanwhile, the flow channel model of the nozzle was extracted and simplified. Secondly, the factors influencing the printing results were researched and analysed. In the end, numerical simulation on velocity field and temperature field was carried out by FLUENT software. Moreover, the printing test of HMX/TNT was also carried out by using EAM-D-1 3D printer. The printed sample shows that 3D printing is more satisfactory than conventional melt-casting ways to prepare high viscocity and unconventional structure explosives

scholarly journals Three-dimensional Printing Versus Conventional Machining in the Creation of a Meatal Urethral Dilator: a Cost and Mechanical Strength Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Yue-Cheng Chen ◽  
Jacob Skewes ◽  
Ryan Daley ◽  
Maria Ann Woodruff ◽  
Nicholas John Rukin
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Conventional Machining

Abstract BackgroundThree-dimensional (3D) printing is a promising technology but the limitations are often poorly understood. We compare different 3D printingmethods with conventional machining techniques in manufacturing meatal urethral dilators which were recently removed from the Australian market. MethodsA prototype dilator was 3D printed vertically orientated on a low cost fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printer in polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). It was also 3D printed horizontally orientated in ABS on a high-end FDM 3D printer with soluble support material, as well as on a SLS 3D printer in medical nylon. The dilator was also machined in stainless steel using a lathe. All dilators were tested mechanically in a custom rig by hanging calibrated weights from the handle until the dilator snapped. ResultsThe horizontally printed ABS dilator experienced failure at a greater load than the vertically printed PLA and ABS dilators respectively (503g vs 283g vs 163g, p < 0.001). The SLS nylon dilator and machined steel dilator did not fail. The steel dilator is most expensive with a quantity of five at 98 USD each, but this decreases to 30 USD each for a quantity of 1000. In contrast, the cost for the SLS dilator is 33 USD each for five and 27 USD each for 1000. ConclusionsAt the current time 3D printing is not a replacement for conventional manufacturing. 3D printing is best used for patient-specific parts, prototyping or manufacturing complex parts that have additional functionality that cannot otherwise beachieved.

scholarly journals Influence of the 3D Printing Process Settings on Tensile Strength of PLA and HT-PLA

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Muammel M. Hanon ◽  
Róbert Marczis ◽  
László Zsidai
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Fill Factor ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Insight Into

Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is presently the most common utilized 3D printing technology. Since this printing technology makes the bodies anisotropic, therefore, investigate the process with different settings is worthwhile. Tensile test specimens of two plastics have been carried out to examine the mechanical properties. Polylactic acid (PLA) and High Temperature PLA (HT-PLA) are the used materials for this purpose. A total of seventy-two test pieces of the two used polymers were printed and evaluated. Three parameters were examined in twelve different settings when printing the tensile test specimens. The considered settings are; six raster directions, three build orientations and two filling factors. The differences in stress-strain curves, tensile strength values and elongation at break were compared among the tested samples. The broken specimens after the tensile test are illustrated, which gave insight into how the test pieces printed with different parameters were fractured. The optimum printing setting is represented at crossed 45/−45° raster direction, X orientation and 100 % fill factor, where the highest tensile strength of 59.7 MPa at HT-PLA and the largest elongation of about 3.5 % at PLA were measured.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties comparison of PLA, tough PLA and PC 3D printed materials with infill structure – Influence of infill pattern on tensile mechanical properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 1208 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
Adi Pandzic ◽  
Damir Hodzic
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Material Testing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Product Weight

Abstract One of the advantages provided by fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing technology is the manufacturing of product materials with infill structure, which provides advantages such as reduced production time, product weight and even the final price. In this paper, the tensile mechanical properties, tensile strength and elastic modulus, of PLA, Tough PLA and PC FDM 3D printed materials with the infill structure were analysed and compared. Also, the influence of infill pattern on tensile properties was analysed. Material testing were performed according to ISO 527-2 standard. All results are statistically analysed and results showed that infill pattern have influence on tensile mechanical properties for all three materials.

scholarly journals Experimental testing of PLA biodegradable thermoplastic in the frame of 3D printing FDM technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 06001
Author(s):  
Juraj Beniak ◽  
Peter Križan ◽  
Miloš Matúš ◽  
Michal Šajgalík
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Melted Material

In the present time there are many different plastic materials and composite materials suitable for 3D printing by deposition of semi-melted material. The proper selection of correct material with suitable material properties is dependent on the situation how the produced 3D model should be used. If we need to take into account just the visual look of used material or also the mechanical properties as strength is important for loaded models for final use. The aim of this paper is to publish outputs of experimental testing for 3D models from selected materials with regards to mechanical properties of produced testing parts. Produced 3D models are from PLA biodegradable thermoplastic. Models are prepared on Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D printer. Testing is based on prepared full factors experiment with four factors on its two levels. Measured values are Tensile strength of PLA testing 3D models. In the same time there are gathered information regarding the 3D printing process and compared to measured tensile strength values for each sent of testing parts. All the measured data are statistically evaluated also by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA method).

The Influence of an Infill Density, Percent on the Flexural Strength of the 3D

2020 ◽  
Vol 870 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Nuha Hadi Jasim Al Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling

3D printing innovation, as a quick prototyping, utilize plastic or metal as the crude material to print the genuine parts layer by layer. In this way, it is likewise called added substance producing procedure. Contrasted and conventional assembling innovation, 3D printing innovation has evident points of interest in assembling items with complex shapes and structures. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the most broadly utilized 3D printing advances. Fibers of thermoplastic materials, for example, polylactic acid is for the most part utilized as crude materials. The present examination will concentrate on the effect of the infill density, percent on the flexural strength of polylactic acid. Bending test was performed on different infill density, percent of specimens. According to ASTM D638.14 standards, samples for testing are made in different infill density, percent (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 %) by using a polylactic acid in 3D machine printing and their tensile tested and the parameters include different fill density, layer high of 0.1 mm , 0.2mm and 0.3 have an effect on the mechanical characterized while the time of printing the sample would be increased with increasing of fill density%. The tensile strength of polylactic acid samples was found at different fill density and a layer thickness. According to test measuring results that the tensile strength, maximum 47.1,47.4, and 48 MPa at 30%,40%,and 50% fill density respectively and 0.1mm height layer and the tensile strength minimum at 60% and 70 % fill density and 0.1 mm height layer thickness. The higher strength results as higher layer thickness 0.3 mm as compared with 0.1 and 0.2 at 30%fill density.

3D Printer Chocolate Cake Berbasis Arduino

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Andrean George Wibisono
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Chocolate Cake

3D Printing merupakan evolusi dari teknologi cetak, yaitu mampu menghasilkan atau memproduksi dan merancang struktur yang canggih dalam satu kesatuan.3D Printing adalah salah satu proses fabrikasi Fused Deposition  Modelling (FDM) yaitu teknologi Additive Manufacturing (AM) yang sistem kerjanya pembentukan benda dengan penambahan bahan lapis demi lapis. Dalam dunia industri, 3D Printing sangat digemari karena untuk pembuatan prototipe yang biasanya membutuhkan waktu yang lama dapat dibuat dalam waktu yang lebih singkat. Hal tersebut sangat berpengaruh terhadap biaya yang keluarkan dalam menghasilkan produk yang berkualitas. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut maka tugas akhir ini merakit sebuah alat 3D Printer tipe Prusa i3. Alat ini akan digunakan untuk mencetakan produk 3 dimensi yang berasal dari desain CAD sehingga dapat membantu dosen atau mahasiswa dalam pengerjaan project seperti penelitian, komponen robot, modul maupun benda-benda lainnya. Hal yang harus diperhatikan dalam pencetakan produk adalah bahan baku cetak yang akan digunakan. Dalam penulisan tugas akhir ini akan dibahas mengenai alat dan bahan yang dibutuhkan untuk merakit 3D Printer, mendesain produk, penentuan bahan baku cetak, metodologi pengoperasian alat hingga hasil akhir yang akan dibuat oleh 3D Printer. Kata kunci : 3D Printer, 3 dimensi

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