scholarly journals The use of statistical techniques to study the machine parameters affecting the properties of 3D printed cotton/polylactic acid fabrics

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 155892502092853
Author(s):  
Nonsikelelo Sheron Mpofu ◽  
Josphat Igadwa Mwasiagi ◽  
Londiwe Cynthia Nkiwane ◽  
David Njuguna Githinji
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Extrusion Temperature ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Printing Speed

Textile materials have been combined with polymers using 3D printing technology, thus producing structures with novel properties. The aim of this study was to use statistical methods to determine the effect of 3D printing machine parameters on the mechanical properties of cotton fabrics combined with polylactic acid. Polylactic acid was printed on a cotton fabric using an Athena Fused Deposition Modelling 3D printer. The effect of extrusion temperature, printing speed, fill density and model height on adhesion force before and after washing was investigated. A study of the tensile strength was also undertaken using a central composite rotatable design and regression analysis. The experimental data were used to develop regression models to predict the properties of the cotton/ polylactic acid structures. The model for adhesion force before washing yielded a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.75 and an optimum adhesion force of 50.06 N/cm. The model for adhesion force had an R2 value of 0.84 and an optimum adhesion force of 42.91 N/cm and showed that adhesion force reduced after washing. Adhesion forces before and after washing were both positively correlated to extrusion temperature. However, they reduced with an increase in printing speed and model height. A positive correlation exists between tensile strength and temperature, while a negative correlation exists between tensile strength and printing speed and model height. From the results of this study, it was concluded that 3D printing parameters have an effect on the properties of the structures.

scholarly journals The effect of nozzle hole diameter of 3D printing on porosity and tensile strength parts using polylactic acid material

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 762-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joko Triyono ◽  
Heru Sukanto ◽  
Rizki Mica Saputra ◽  
Dharu Feby Smaradhana
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Hole Diameter ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Nozzle Hole ◽  
Line Type

AbstractNozzle hole diameter of 3D printer (3DP) can be varied to obtain required product quality as well as to reduce manufacturing times. The use of larger diameter may accelerate manufacturing times of products, yet the product quality, including the mechanical properties, still needs to be investigated profoundly. The purpose of this work is to investigate experimentally the effect of nozzle hole diameter of 3DP to the surface quality, accuracy, and the strength of the product. The specimens were manufactured by fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing using polylactic acid (PLA) as the filaments.Bed temperature, extruder temperature and printing speed were set to be 60∘C, 200∘C and 80 mm/s respectively. The thickness of each layer was set at the ratio of 20% to the nozzle hole diameter. Infill pattern was determined by using line type of 100%. Nozzle hole diameter of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6mmwas compared in thiswork. The results show that bigger nozzle hole diameter enhanced the density and tensile strength of the products thought it was not linearly correlation.

scholarly journals Tensile and Bending Strength Improvements in PEEK Parts Using Fused Deposition Modelling 3D Printing Considering Multi-Factor Coupling

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Li ◽  
Yan Lou
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Molded Parts ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Printing Direction

Compared with laser-based 3D printing, fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing technology is simple and safe to operate and has a low cost and high material utilization rate; thus, it is widely used. In order to promote the application of FDM 3D printing, poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) was used as a printing material to explore the effect of multi-factor coupling such as different printing temperatures, printing directions, printing paths, and layer thicknesses on the tensile strength, bending strength, crystallinity, and grain size of FDM printed PEEK parts. The aim was to improve the mechanical properties of the 3D printed PEEK parts and achieve the same performance as the injection molded counterparts. The results show that when the thickness of the printed layer is 0.1 mm and the printing path is 180° horizontally at 525 °C, the tensile strength of the sample reaches 87.34 MPa, and the elongation reaches 38%, which basically exceeds the tensile properties of PEEK printed parts reported in previous studies and is consistent with the tensile properties of PEEK injection molded parts. When the thickness of the printed layer is 0.3 mm, the printing path is 45°, and with vertical printing direction at a printing temperature of 525 °C, the bending strength of the sample reaches 159.2 MPa, which exceeds the bending performance of injection molded parts by 20%. It was also found that the greater the tensile strength of the printed specimen, the more uniform the size of each grain, and the higher the crystallinity of the material. The highest crystallinity exceeded 30%, which reached the crystallinity of injection molded parts.

scholarly journals 3D Printing Geometric Scaffold Design Variation of Injectable Bone Substitutes (IBS) Pa

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Dyah Hikmawati ◽  
Sarda Nugraheni ◽  
Aminatun Aminatun
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Scaffold Design ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Before And After

3D printing technology application in tissue engineering could be provided by designing geometrical scaffold architecture which also functionates as drug delivery. For drug delivery scaffold on bone tuberculosis, the cell pore of the geometric design was filled with Injectable Bone Substitutes (IBS) which had streptomycin as anti-tuberculosis. In this study, scaffolds were synthesized in three cells geometric filled by Injectable Bone Substitutes (IBS), Hexahedron, Truccated Hexahedron, and Rhombicuboctahedron, which had 2.5 mm x 2.5 mm x 2.5 mm size dimension and 0.8 mm strut. The final design was printed in 3D with polylactic acid (PLA) filament using the FDM process (Fused Deposition Modelling). The composition of IBS paste was a mixture of hydroxyapatite (HA) and gelatine (GEL) 20% w/v with a ratio of 60:40, streptomycin 10 wt% and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 4% w/v. It was then characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Scaffold–paste characterization was included pore size test of 3D printing result before and after injected using Scanning Electron Microscope SEM, porosity test, and compressive strength test. The result showed that the pore of scaffold design was 1379 µm and after injected with IBS paste, the pore leaving 231.04 µm of size. The scaffold with IBS paste porosity test showed ranges between 40,78-70,04% while the compressive strength of before and after injected ranges between 1,110-634 MPa and 2,217-6,971 MPa respectively. From the test results, the scaffold 3D printing with IBS paste in this study had suitable physical characteristics to be applicated on cancellous bones which were infected by tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Influence of the 3D Printing Process Settings on Tensile Strength of PLA and HT-PLA

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Muammel M. Hanon ◽  
Róbert Marczis ◽  
László Zsidai
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Fill Factor ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Insight Into

Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is presently the most common utilized 3D printing technology. Since this printing technology makes the bodies anisotropic, therefore, investigate the process with different settings is worthwhile. Tensile test specimens of two plastics have been carried out to examine the mechanical properties. Polylactic acid (PLA) and High Temperature PLA (HT-PLA) are the used materials for this purpose. A total of seventy-two test pieces of the two used polymers were printed and evaluated. Three parameters were examined in twelve different settings when printing the tensile test specimens. The considered settings are; six raster directions, three build orientations and two filling factors. The differences in stress-strain curves, tensile strength values and elongation at break were compared among the tested samples. The broken specimens after the tensile test are illustrated, which gave insight into how the test pieces printed with different parameters were fractured. The optimum printing setting is represented at crossed 45/−45° raster direction, X orientation and 100 % fill factor, where the highest tensile strength of 59.7 MPa at HT-PLA and the largest elongation of about 3.5 % at PLA were measured.

scholarly journals Increasing the Tensile Strength of 3d printed Poly lactic Acid (PLA) Using Design of Experiments (DOE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Nozzle Temperature ◽  
Plastic Parts ◽  
Printing Speed

Experimental design has been used to determine outlying factors that affect tensile strength of fused deposition modelling 3D printed PLA parts. A two level, three factor full factorial experiments were utilized to determine the best combination of factors that yielded the highest tensile strength of PLA tensile dog bones manufactured in accordance with ASTM D638-14. PLA is particularly desirable due to its environmental friendliness, biodegradability, low cost, and low melting point, allowing it to be built on a non-heated platform without risk of toxic fumes. Increasing the tensile strength of PLA will allow PLA to be used in a wider range of applications that demand stronger plastic parts. The chosen factors were infill percentage, nozzle temperature, and printing speed. The tensile strength was affected by all factors and combinations except for high levels of infill percentage, nozzle temperature, and printing speed combined.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties comparison of PLA, tough PLA and PC 3D printed materials with infill structure – Influence of infill pattern on tensile mechanical properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 1208 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
Adi Pandzic ◽  
Damir Hodzic
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Material Testing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Product Weight

Abstract One of the advantages provided by fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing technology is the manufacturing of product materials with infill structure, which provides advantages such as reduced production time, product weight and even the final price. In this paper, the tensile mechanical properties, tensile strength and elastic modulus, of PLA, Tough PLA and PC FDM 3D printed materials with the infill structure were analysed and compared. Also, the influence of infill pattern on tensile properties was analysed. Material testing were performed according to ISO 527-2 standard. All results are statistically analysed and results showed that infill pattern have influence on tensile mechanical properties for all three materials.

scholarly journals Experimental testing of PLA biodegradable thermoplastic in the frame of 3D printing FDM technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 06001
Author(s):  
Juraj Beniak ◽  
Peter Križan ◽  
Miloš Matúš ◽  
Michal Šajgalík
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Melted Material

In the present time there are many different plastic materials and composite materials suitable for 3D printing by deposition of semi-melted material. The proper selection of correct material with suitable material properties is dependent on the situation how the produced 3D model should be used. If we need to take into account just the visual look of used material or also the mechanical properties as strength is important for loaded models for final use. The aim of this paper is to publish outputs of experimental testing for 3D models from selected materials with regards to mechanical properties of produced testing parts. Produced 3D models are from PLA biodegradable thermoplastic. Models are prepared on Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D printer. Testing is based on prepared full factors experiment with four factors on its two levels. Measured values are Tensile strength of PLA testing 3D models. In the same time there are gathered information regarding the 3D printing process and compared to measured tensile strength values for each sent of testing parts. All the measured data are statistically evaluated also by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA method).

scholarly journals Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of CuSn10 Bronze Parts: Production and Characterization

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1774
Author(s):  
Ahmet Çağrı Kılınç ◽  
Ali Aydın Goktasş ◽  
Özgür Yasin Keskin ◽  
Serhan Köktaş
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Part Density ◽  
Printing Speed

The interest in producing cost-effective 3D printed metallic materials is increasing day by day. One of these methods, which has gained much attention recently, is the fused deposition modelling (FDM) method. The parameters used in the FDM method have significant effects on the printed part properties. In this study, CuSn10 bronze alloy was successfully produced. The printing speed and layer thickness were investigated as the printing process parameters, and their effect on morphological properties was characterized by using SEM. As a result, it was observed that the formation of printing-induced voids was prevented by applying a layer thickness of 0.2 mm. Additionally, by increasing printing speed, a slight decrease in product density was observed. Following determination of 3D printing parameters which give the highest printed part density, the parts were debound in hexane solution via solvent debinding. Finally, the parts were sintered at 850, 875 and 900 °C for 5 h to examine effect of sintering temperature on density, porosity, shape deformation and mechanical properties. Although partial slumping started to form over 875 °C, the highest density (94.19% of theoretical density) and strength (212 ± 17.72 MPa) were obtained by using 900 °C as the sintering temperature.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Setting Parameter pada Slicing Software terhadap Surface Roughness Objek 3D Printing menggunakan Metode Taguchi

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Hasdiansah Hasdiansah ◽  
Sugiyarto Sugiyarto
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Cooling Speed ◽  
G Code ◽  
Nozzle Temperature ◽  
Printing Speed

<p>Teknologi FDM (<em>Fused Deposition Modelling</em>) merupakan salah satu teknologi yang digunakan untuk membuat objek 3D. FDM sering disebut sebagai teknologi yang sudah mampu mengubah dunia manufaktur dewasa ini. Namun teknologi FDM memiliki kelemahan karena teknologi ini menggunakan proses <em>building per layer </em>membuat permukaan yang dihasilkan terlihat memiliki garis yang menunjukan batas antar <em>layer </em>sehingga mempengaruhi kekasaran pada permukaan produk cetak.  Penelitian ini menggunakan filamen <em>Super Tough</em> PLA (ST.PLA). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh parameter proses terhadap kekasaran permukaan objek cetak dan untuk mengetahui seting parameter proses yang menghasilkan kekasaran permukaan terbaik dari parameter proses yang digunakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Taguchi dengan matriks ortogonal L<sub>25</sub>(5<sup>6</sup>).  Parameter proses yang akan dipilih dan dianalisis dalam penelitian ini adalah<em> layer thickness, printing speed, nozzle temperature, orientation, flowrate</em>, <em>cooling speed </em>dan respon yang diamati adalah kekasaran permukaan objek cetak. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan <em>noise</em> (gangguan) maka dicetak masing-masing tiga kali replikasi  Selanjutnya parameter proses tersebut akan dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Varian (ANOVA). Berdasarkan data  hasil pengukuran kekasaran permukaaan objek cetak,  maka diperoleh parameter proses yang memberikan pengaruh paling besar terhadap kekasaran permukaan objek cetak dengan menggunakan filamen ST-PLA adalah <em>layer thickness</em> dengan nilai F hitung sebesar 129,96, <em>flowrate</em> dengan nilai F hitung sebesar 6 dan <em>orientation</em> dengan nilai F hitung sebesar 3,03. Seting parameter proses yang menghasilkan nilai kekasaran permukaan terbaik objek cetak adalah 0,10 mm yaitu pada eksperimen nomor lima (Exp. No. 5) dengan rata-rata  12,61 µm, dengan pengaturan <em>layer thickness</em>, 45 mm/s pada pengaturan <em>printing speed</em>, 210˚C pada <em>nozzle temperature</em>, 0˚ pada <em>orientation</em>, 110% pada pengaturan <em>flowrate</em> dan 40% pada pengaturan <em>cooling speed</em>. Seluruh parameter proses tersebut disetting pada <em>slicing software</em> ideamaker 3.6.1. dalam menghasilkan G-Code objek cetak.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of Print Speed on Strength of Samples Printed in FDM Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Łukasz Miazio
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Modeling Method ◽  
Breaking Force ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Printing Speed

AbstractThis paper presents research on the impact of printing speed on the strength of a manufactured object and is the next stage of the author's research on the impact of technological parameters of 3D printing on the strength of printed models. The tested universal specimens were printed using the FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) method from PLA (polylactic acid, polylactide). The paper presents the maximum breaking force of the samples and the time of printing samples depending on the printing speed, which varied from 20 mm·s−1 to 100 mm·s−1. The research indicates that the strength of samples decreases with increasing speed. In the range of 50-80 mm·s−1, the strength of the specimens remined at a similar level, however, above 80 mm·s−1, it decreased significantly.

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