scholarly journals Multifunctionality of Organic Farming: Case Study from Southern Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruta Śpiewak
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
The Social ◽  
Organic Farmers

Abstract The main goal of this article is to answer the question whether organic farming, which is developing in some parts of Poland, can be considered as a form of multifunctional farming and contribute so to non-commodity functions and the process of change in a particular territory of given areas. The analyses are based on data obtained from 2013 of several points in the south of Poland representing a cluster of organic market oriented farmers. The results show that namely market organic farming may serve as multifunctional one, but only under certain conditions and for a specific type of farming. Through specific functions, organic farming facilitates the changes, primarily on a local scale. The existence of a strong integrated organic farming sector might influences development and change, resulting in not only the improvement of economic welfare of organic farmers, but also of whole local communities, strengthening the bonds amongst them, mobilising the social resources.

scholarly journals Indonesian Organic Farmers: The Long Journey of Farmers’ Groups Towards Organic Farming Sustainability (A Case Study in Rukun Farmers Group, Yogyakarta)

2020 ◽  
Vol 518 ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
Irham ◽  
Arif Wahyu Widada ◽  
Azizatun Nurhayati ◽  
Esti Anantasari ◽  
Laksmi Yustika Devi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Farmers

scholarly journals The Experiences of Nikkei-Australian Soldiers During World War II

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Shannon Whiley
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
World War ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Government ◽  
Ambiguous Position

This paper is a biographical case study that explores the distinct experiences of three Australian-born Japanese (hereafter, Nikkei-Australians) who volunteered for Australian military service during World War II: Mario Takasuka, Joseph Suzuki and Winston Ide. It examines the social and political context in which these soldiers lived, concluding that they faced a disconnect between the way they were viewed by the government, their local communities and themselves. Notions of identity and nationalism are also explored in the context of World War II and the White Australia Policy, and are compared with the experiences of non-European soldiers in Australia and Nikkei soldiers abroad. The paper also highlights the ambiguous position of Nikkei-Australian soldiers with respect to military enlistment. At the time, legislation allowed for Nikkei-Australians to be variously classified as loyal citizens capable of enlistment, as not sufficiently ‘Australian’ for duty, or as enemy aliens, depending upon how it was applied in each case. Because there was no uniform approach within the government for applying these laws, the experiences of Nikkei-Australians vastly differed, as illustrated by the stories of the individuals profiled in this study. These stories are important as they add to the growing body of knowledge around non-white Australians who served in World War II, and remind us of how the pro-white, anti-Japanese atmosphere within Australia at the time affected those within the community who did not fit the mould of the White Australian ideal.

scholarly journals REINVENTING THE V&A MUSEUM OF CHILDHOOD

Muzealnictwo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Helen Charman
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Complex World ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Material History ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Victoria And Albert Museum

In 2018 the Victoria and Albert Museum launched a capital project to transform the Museum of Childhood from a museum of the social and material history of childhood to a powerhouse of creativity for the young. This paper therefore takes the reinvention of the MoC as a case study to explore the process of change and the key drivers for inculcating and realising the transformed museum. In particular, the process of co-design with and for young people is considered as a mechanism for change in creating future facing museums that speak to the needs of young people in a rapidly changing and complex world.

scholarly journals Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Niat Mengadopsi Usahatani Sayuran Organik di Kecamatan Getasan Semarang

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Vaniamon Wira Yasyak ◽  
Suhatmini Hardyastuti ◽  
Slamet Hartono
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Vegetable Farming ◽  
Key Driver

Organic farming has attracted increasing attention in recent decades. Many believe this is necessary to maintain agricultural production while addressing environmental damages caused by conventional farming methods. However, the adoption of organic vegetable farming in Indonesia is still fairly slow. The fact that only a small number of farmers adopt organic farming begs explanation. Studies have shown that intention determines human behaviors. The problem is that intention to choose organic farming does not always manifest in behavior. To address this problem it is helpful to consider three factors affect how intention manifest in behavior, namely attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral control. Based on in the case study on the central vegetable farming area of Kopeng village where conventional farming is still dominant, this paper analyzes the intention organic farmers in the light of the theory of planned behavior. Applying the SEM-PLS model of analysis, it identifies the key-driver organic farmers. This study found that farmers’ positive attitude toward organic farming is not the main drive in their shift from non-organic to organic farming. Rather than subjective norms, behavior control has the greater influence on the farmers’ choice to adopt organic vegetable farming. Famers view organic agriculture positively; but  the main obstacle is the access to information about organics, certification capabilities and other aspects of behavioral control  which make adoption rate for organic vegetable farming is still low. 

scholarly journals Spatial analysis of dumpsites volumes from rural territory Case study: Neamt County, Romania

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin Constantin MIHAI
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Proper Analysis

Open dumps were the main option for the local communities in householdwaste management, this practice being banned after July 16, 2009. The paperexamines the correlation between dumpsites volumes, population density, andlocal geographical conditions in the context that in most ruraladministrative-territorial units of the county there were no facilities forwaste collection. The geographical distribution of dumpsites volumesreflects the disparities between different areas of the county and on theother hand, it highlights the spaces exposed to pollution. Also, thecomparative analysis between 2004 (pre-accession) and 2009 (post-accession)reflects a rudimentary waste management system in this period which favoredthe waste dumping. This paper analyses the issues of rural waste managementand its environmental implications at local scale. Such approaches arenecessary for a proper analysis of EU environmental policies implementationat regional and local level

scholarly journals Barriers to the Development of Organic Farming: A Polish Case Study

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
Władysława Łuczka ◽  
Sławomir Kalinowski
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Institutional Barriers ◽  
Production Risk ◽  
Conversion Period ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Decision Making Processes

The main purpose of this paper is to explore farmers’ opinions on the barriers to the development of organic farming. A survey was carried out with 262 Polish organic farmers in order to classify the barriers to organic farming development into production, and economic aspects, market aspects and institutional and regulatory aspects. As a next step, a detailed analysis was performed of how the farmers view these barriers. According to this study, Polish organic farmers attach greater importance to economic factors than to non-economic ones. Low yields and production volumes are the reason why many farmers see organic farming as being risky. More than 80% and nearly 60% of farmers covered by this study found the production risk to be very high or high, respectively, during and after the conversion period. Most farmers say they intend to continue their organic production activity only if financial support is provided. Nearly one in five farms (18.3%) want to discontinue organic production in future. This is especially true for two types of farming: specialized grazing livestock farms and mixed holdings. The farmers believe that market aspects and institutional and regulatory factors are the key barriers to the development of organic farming. The findings regarding the role of institutional barriers and communications from regulatory institutions, which affect the farmers’ decision-making processes, are of particular importance. In Poland, the main institutional problem is the instability of laws applicable to organic farming, which adds to the farmers’ uncertainty and decision-making risks. The case study of Poland, which is among the emerging markets for organic food, shows that a stable and coherent support policy is a condition for organic-farming development.

The economic implications of organic farming

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Cacek ◽  
Linda L. Langner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
The Social ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Balance Of Trade

AbstractMany farmers are turning to organic or “low input” farming as a strategy for economic survival. Several comparisons of actual grain farms in the central and northern states showed that organic farming equals or exceeds conventional farming in economic performance. These findings are supported by studies that used yield data from research plots as inputs to economic models. However, models that relied more heavily on hypothetical data showed an economic disadvantage for organic farming. This may have been a result of the failure of the hypothetical models to incorporate valid assumptions on conservation and efficient utilization of water, nutrients, fuel, labor, and capital. Established organic farmers are less vulnerable to natural and economic risks than conventional farmers because their systems are more diversified. They also are less able, however, to take advantage of income tax deductions. Future trends in commodity prices, input prices, pollution regulation, and research can be expected to have mixed effects on conventional and organic farmers, but the net impact will probably favor organic farmers. On a macroeconomic (i.e. national) scale, conversion to organic farming would have many benefits. It would reduce federal costs for supporting commodity prices, reduce depletion of fossil fuels, reduce the social costs associated with erosion, improve fish and wildlife habitats, and insure the productivity of the land for future generations. However, widespread conversion to organic farming would have an undesirable impact on the balance of trade. Future research on the economics of organic farming at the farm or microeconomics level should be directed at horticultural crops, southern latitudes, marketing, and the process of conversion from conventional to organic farming. Future macroeconomic research should quantify the social benefits described above, enabling decision makers to compare organic farming with other policy options.

Intended and actual behavior of organic farmers in Austria after a five-year commitment period

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leopold Kirner ◽  
Stefan Vogel ◽  
Walter Schneeberger
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Commitment Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Actual Decision

Organic farmers throughout Austria were asked in 1999 if, once the first agri-environmental program (ÖPUL) ends, they intended to commit themselves to a further five-year period of organic farming. The study presented here addresses those farmers who expressed in the survey the intention to end their participation in organic farming under ÖPUL, or who were undecided at that time. The aim was to compare and analyze the intended behavior with actual behavior. The research was based on material from, and analyses of, the 1999 survey and the survey conducted in 2002. Additional information regarding the reasons for abandoning (or continuing) organic farming and the decision-making process itself was collected through a series of telephone interviews in 2004. The comparison revealed a connection between actual behavior and the intentions expressed in the 1999 survey. However, there were no clear differences in terms of the reasons given in 1999 for potentially discontinuing with organic farming between those farms that remained organic and those that reverted to conventional farming methods. There were differences between those reasons given in the 1999 survey for potentially leaving organic agriculture and the reasons that determined the actual decision, as cited in telephone interviews in 2004. In the 1999 survey, economic issues were the main reasons for potentially ceasing to farm organically. When it came to the actual decision, problems concerning organic guidelines and inspections were more prominent. The environmental attitudes and the social embedding of the farmers within organic agriculture played a decisive role on those enterprises that chose to continue farming organically. The analysis indicates that the presence of a successor is also a stabilizing factor for organic farming.

scholarly journals 'It's not just about fish': Assessing the social impacts of marine protected areas on the wellbeing of coastal communities in New South Wales

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244605
Author(s):  
Natalie Gollan ◽  
Kate Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
New South ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Social Acceptability ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Social

Managing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is about managing human behaviours, but decision-making processes have traditionally focussed on ecological aspects, treating social aspects as secondary. It is now becoming more evident that an equal focus on the ecological and social aspects is required. Without the collection of information about social aspect such as impacts and sharing this as well as ecological information with communities, MPAs are at higher risk of opposition and social acceptability problems. This paper explores the development of a wellbeing framework to understand the social aspects, including the impacts of MPAs on the wellbeing of local communities. This research investigates two case study MPAs: Cape Byron and Port Stephens-Great Lakes Marine Parks in New South Wales, Australia. The MPAs are multiple-use and were implemented in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The research began with a review of the literature, followed by fieldwork, including semi-structured qualitative interviews with community members. Through thematic coding of the interview transcripts in light of the literature on assessing the social impacts of MPAs, a community wellbeing framework of domains and associated attributes was developed to investigate social impacts. Our analysis shows; first, local perspectives are crucial to understanding social impacts. Second, understanding social impacts gives insight into the nature of trade-offs that occur in decision-making regarding MPAs. Third, the intangible social impacts experienced by local communities are just as significant as the tangible ones for understanding how MPAs operate. Fourth, governance impacts have been the most influential factor affecting the social acceptability of the case study parks. We argue that failure to address negative social impacts can undermine the legitimacy of MPAs. We propose that the framework will support policymakers to work towards more effective, equitable and socially sustainable MPAs by employing much-needed monitoring of human dimensions of conservation interventions at the community level to shape adaptive management.

scholarly journals Level of Social Participation in the Creation of Urban Regeneration Programmes – The Case Study of Small Towns in Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Czupich
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Social

Social participation enables citizens to take part in the decision-making process. It is an increasingly popular instrument in Poland. The effectiveness of participation is the most important issue in this context. In accordance with the Act of 9 October 2015, urban regeneration mainly applies to mitigating negative social phenomena. The social aspect is also important at the stage of establishing urban regeneration programmes. Extensive social participation in the process of creat­ing these programmes is one of the main requirements. The aim of the article is to present the scale of the involvement of local communities in the procedure of creating regeneration programmes in selected small towns in Poland. Conclusions from the analysis include an assessment of participation success rate in regeneration activities.

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