scholarly journals Value of Work in the Modern World

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Norbert G. Pikuła
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Modern Perspective

Abstract The paper focuses on the modern perspective on work and the functioning of individuals on the labour market. Advantages and disadvantages of the current changes in the labour market are discussed in the context of an individual’s life.

scholarly journals UNREGISTERED EMPLOYMENT IN THE LOCAL LABOUR MARKET: CASE STUDY OF PŁOCK

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Mariola Szewczyk-Jarocka ◽  
Janina Sawicka ◽  
Anna Nowacka
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Survey Question ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The aim of this study is to present the opinions of local labour market participants regarding unregistered work that is performed by socially excluded people who are registered in the Labour Office in the city of Płock, Poland. The paper begins with a literature review of the theoretical issues and presents conclusions based on published studies and articles. This is followed by an empirical data analysis where the authors diagnose the causes, important advantages and disadvantages of unregistered work. The data includes the results of surveys that were distributed to 350 respondents: 195 received PAPI paper questionnaires and 155 people were surveyed using a CAWI questionnaire posted on the Internet (additionally, a campaign on Facebook) in 2018. The analyses includes the distribution of answers to the survey question together with verification of the statistical significance between the answers and specific variables, such as education, sex and age group.

Sustaining India's Gig Economy in Industry 4.0

2022 ◽  
pp. 172-189
Author(s):  
Vidushi Vatsa ◽  
Ruchika Gupta ◽  
Priyank Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Gradual Improvement ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
Policy Proposals

Today's corporate landscape is undergoing a transformation process, and India is not untouched by these phases of transition as humans are replaced by computers and brick-and-mortar firms are substituted by e-commerce companies. In the midst of these shifts, issues such as labour dynamics have changed dramatically. One such consequence is the Gig Economy. With the gradual improvement in the labour market and the focus of government on localisation, it remains important to analyse the widespread influence of growing gig culture in making India a self-reliant economy. This chapter of the book therefore seeks to review the different components of the gig economy along with the advantages and disadvantages and how gig can contribute towards a localised and self-reliant Indian economy. The chapter also evaluates the regulatory framework of the gig economy in India. The chapter also proposes a conceptual model incorporating various pillars that could serve as an analytical framework for the rapidly increasing number of concepts and policy proposals.

Gender, The Labour Market, The Workplace and Policy in Children's Services: Parent, staff and student attitudes

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lyons ◽  
Andrea Quinn ◽  
Jennifer Sumsion
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Recruitment Strategies ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Children's Services ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Children’S Services ◽  
Teacher Education Students

This paper reports the attitudes of parents, staff and teacher education students towards the employment of men in the children's services ‘industry’. The attitudinal survey questions were grouped around four distinct issues: gender roles, labour market behaviour, workplace behaviour and policy. Surprisingly, all three stakeholder groups surveyed expressed similar views on the four issues. While the results suggest that attitudes are not an impediment to increasing the number of male workers, they also suggest recruitment strategies need to be cognisant of both the potential advantages and disadvantages of a more gender-balanced workforce. The findings question policies based on the need to have male ‘role models’ in children's services.

scholarly journals The Canadian Electoral System

2019 ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Dariya Logvinova
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Election System ◽  
Historical Retrospect ◽  
Political Spectrum

The Canadian electoral system is one of the most democratic in the world. Despite the constant challenges of changing reality, Canadaʼs political institutions continue to function as usual, providing, first and foremost, a legal framework that allows civilized forms to address many of the present-day problems. Given the difficult situation in Ukraine, research into the experience of most developed countries, such as Canada, on the formation and functioning of an effective electoral system is as relevant as ever. This article examines the process of origination and formation of the Canadian electoral system in historical retrospect, with a focus on gender and racial components. It also highlighted the peculiarities of the election system in Canada during the election campaign (brief analysis of Canadian electoral law during the last three cycles of parliamentary elections 2008, 2011 and 2015), the advantages and disadvantages of major parties policy, which helped to make conclusions about the activity and effectiveness of change in the Canadian election field. How has the political spectrum of the country changed as a result of each election cycle? Why was the ruling party defeated? And will classic values and traditions be revived? Finding answers to these questions may be of interest to Canadian scholars as well as to researchers of general democratic processes taking place in the modern world. Keywords: electoral system, suffrage, electoral process, gender equality, racial component, electoral system, political party, politician.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Opportunities of the Application of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Public Governance and Social Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 88-100
Author(s):  
Adomas Vincas Rakšnys ◽  
Dangis Gudelis ◽  
Arvydas Guogis
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Business Systems ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Data Fragmentation

This interdisciplinary article presents a concept of the 21st century and phenomena that are products of the 4th industrial revolution – big data and Artificial Intelligence technologies – as well as the opportunities of their application in public governance and social policy. This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of big data, problems of data collection, its reliability and use. Big data can be used for the analysis and modeling of phenomena relevant to public governance and social policy. Big data consist of three main types: a) historical data, b) present data with little delay, c) prognostic data for future forecasting. The following categories of big data can be defined as: a) data from social networks, b) traditional data from business systems, c) machine-generated data, such as water extraction, pollution, satellite information. The article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of big data. There are big data challenges such as data security, lack of cooperation in civil service and social work, in rare situations – data fragmentation, incompleteness and erroneous issues, as well as ethical issues regarding the analysis of data and its use in social policy and social administration. Big data, covered by Artificial Intelligence, can be used in public governance and social policy by identifying “the hot spots” of various phenomena, by prognosing the meanings of variables in the future on the basis of past time rows, and by calculating the optimal motion of actions in the situations where there are possible various alternatives. The technologies of Artificial Intelligence are used more profoundly in many spheres of public policy, and in the governance of COVID-19 pandemics too. The substantial advantages of the provided big data and Artificial Intelligence are a holistic improvement of public services, possibilities of personalization, the enhancement of citizen satisfaction, the diminishing of the costs of processing expenditure, the targeting of adopted and implemented decisions, more active involvement of citizens, the feedback of the preferences of policy formation and implementation, the observation of social phenomenas in real time, and possibilities for more detailed prognosing. Challenges to security of data, necessary resources and competences, the lack of cooperation in public service, especially rare instances of data fragmentation, roughness, falseness, and ethical questions regarding data analysis and application can be evaluated as the most significant problems of using big data and Artificial Intelligence technologies. Big data and their analytics conducted using Artificial Intelligence technologies can contribute to the adequacy and objectivity of decisions in public governance and social policy, effectively curbing corruption and nepotism by raising the authority and confidence of public sector organizations in governance, which is so lacking in the modern world.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF THE PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE ORGANIZATION

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Attorney General ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Compliance With The Law ◽  
The Uk

ANNOTATION. Problematic aspects of defining the tasks and place of the prosecutor's office, as well as the foreign strategy of improving the organization of the prosecutor's office are highlighted. The experience of foreign countries of the developed democracy, concerning the work of the prosecutor's office for its implementation in the legislation of Ukraine, the history of its origin and its modern purpose are analyzed. On the basis of a comparative study of foreign prosecutor's offices data on their place in the system of government, type of model and basic functions are given, which gives an idea of the role and directions of development of the prosecutor's office in the leading countries of the modern world. It is stated that the modern Prosecutor's Office of France is referred to the executive branch of power and reports to the Ministry of Justice. Prosecutors are very close to the judge's corps because they receive the same training and often move from prosecutors to judges and vice versa throughout their careers. In Germany, prosecuting authorities operate at the general courts of all levels. The Attorney General of the Federal Republic of Germany exercises his authority under the general authority of the Minister of Justice of Germany. According to a special law that defines the legal status of the Prosecutor's Office in Latvia, the prosecutor's office is a judicial authority that independently supervises compliance with the law within the established competence. In the UK, there is no public prosecutor's office or its direct analogue. The Public Prosecutor's Office operates within the system of public authorities as an independent authority, coordinated by the General Atorney. In the Republic of Lithuania, prosecutors organize and manage the pre-trial investigation process, as well as support state prosecutions in criminal cases. The author summarizes that there is no uniform standard in Europe for the prosecutor's model. The prosecutor's models analyzed have advantages and disadvantages, but none of them excludes or prefers one or the other model. Recommendations on improving the Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine have been provided.

scholarly journals FACTORS DETERMINING SATISFACTION WITH THE STUDIES OF THE STUDENTS OF SCHOOLS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Valdone Indrasiene ◽  
Odeta Merfeldaite ◽  
Asta Railiene ◽  
Violeta Jegeleviciene ◽  
Irena Zemaitaityte
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Study Programs ◽  
Graduation Exams

In the modern world conditioned by scientific–technical progress and globalisation it is becoming tricky for schools of higher education to respond to continuously changing needs of the labour market, to secure the expectations of the students towards the selected sought education and its realisation in certain situations of activities. Satisfaction of students with the studies and employment of graduates becomes one of the key criteria of the quality of studies which influences the academic activity of universities. The study introduces the factors which determine the satisfaction of the final years students with their studies. Quantitative research was selected – a representative survey was performed. The study population consisted of the students of the Lithuanian higher schools (universities and colleges) (n=459). It has been established that the key factors in the selection of study programs (demand of the study program on the labour market, the self–set career goals, clear potentials for professional career and links between the personal needs and the program) demonstrates the ability of students to plan and make decisions regarding their careers. When selecting a study program, the factors orientated towards assessment of personal achievements and own attitudes towards the profession (the selected graduation exams and their results, the prestige of the profession and the leisure time likings) are not less important. The key factors of satisfaction with the selected study program relate to the fact that the study program contributes to personal development, to better employment and career prospective.  Students are satisfied with the selected study program because of favourable educational study environment, of a possibility to gain practical skills and of the applicable system of assessment.  

scholarly journals Central Bank digital currencies

Bankarstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-139
Author(s):  
Vesna Martin
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Digital Form ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
The Social

Central Bank digital currencies are a digital challenge to the international monetary and financial system. Since the development of cryptocurrency, such as bitcoin, the modern world has faced the possibility of digital technological transformation and providing a digital form of payment for the economy and the household. In addition, the announcement of a digital currency that would have a global reach, such as the Libre issued by the social network Facebook, raised questions about legal and regulatory safeguards, financial stability, and the role of the digital currency in society. All this influenced the leading central banks to recognize the need to conduct a detailed analysis of the possibilities of issuing digital currency of the central bank, which would be a supplement to the cash and non-cash form of payment. These analyzes include considering the advantages and disadvantages of that currency, determining its design and technological solution, as well as the necessary regulatory adjustments. In the coming period, we will witness a technological transformation in the operations of central banks, which, as before, should take care of preserving price and financial stability as its main goals, but also respond to new challenges of digital business.

scholarly journals Psychological and pedagogical bases of preparation for school in preschool institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 00100
Author(s):  
Z.V. Masaeva ◽  
I.V. Abakumova ◽  
L.Ts. Kagermazova
Keyword(s):  
School Readiness ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
School Preparation ◽  
Traditional Approaches

In the modern world, there is a trend towards the demand for preparing children for school from preschool age. There are many different points of view of scientists on determining indicators of school readiness, as well as considering the understanding of school preparation from the point of view of psychological and pedagogical features. In this paper, an attempt is made to generalize existing theories of understanding school preparation, as well as an experimental study of the preparation of children in kindergarten. This issue is revealed through a developing and traditional approach. In the theoretical aspect, these approaches are disclosed and the advantages and disadvantages of the developmental and traditional approaches in preparing preschool children for school are empirically verified. The study revealed that the traditional approach does not consider personal readiness in comparison with the developmental approach. Children who studied using the traditional approach showed low results in terms of seeking help, disclosure of creative opportunities with friends, empathic feelings, control of aggression, etc. In General, summarizing the results, we can say that the traditional and developmental approaches ensure readiness for school. It should be emphasized in the context of comparative analysis that the developmental approach shows high results in comparison with the traditional approach to preparing children for school.

Career counselling in the sustainable development trend on the example of secondary schools in one of the Polish cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Young People ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Education System ◽  
Career Counselling ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Vocational Schools ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Local Labour

The article presents the theoretical aspects of sustainable development and career counselling. It also describes the expectations of young people and teachers towards career counselling, understood as a new strategy of joint efforts to create a good and safe future for the residents in which they have the certainty of finding decent jobs. The changes taking place in the modern world make the ways the young people were supported thus far insufficient. Therefore, the author of this article undertook research aimed at determining what models of career counselling are preferred by young people and the teachers who work as career counsellors in schools, how students perceive the attractiveness of vocational schools, and how the teachers assess the adaptation of the vocational education system to the requirements of the local labour market. Author's own questionnaires were used. Diagnostic surveys were conducted among the participants of the project Vocational education in schools as a springboard to sustainable development of staff on the Legionowo’s labour market. The questionnaires were completed by 221 students and 13 teachers. Studies have shown that while 64% of students do not have a good opinion about the offer of vocational schools in Legionowo, 65% of those surveyed do not rule out working in the city. It was found that most of the surveyed teachers rate the adaptation of the vocational education system in the Legionowo's county to the a) requirements of the local labour market and b) the interest of students in career counselling as good. The study revealed two career counselling models preferred by the teachers: 1) a model of counselling carried out during hours available to the class teacher and during workshops with a career advisor and 2) a model in the framework of cooperation with the labour market. Both models coincide with youth-preferred forms of vocational counselling classes: 63% of students chose meetings with a career advisor, 40% of respondents mentioned visits to workplaces, Career offices, the Employment Bureau, 35% indicated participation in job fairs.

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