Preparation of water-dispersive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) conductive nanoparticles in lignosulfonic acid solution

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghong Deng ◽  
Zhuoxi Li ◽  
Xueqing Qiu ◽  
Dacheng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complexes ◽  
Continuous Polymerization ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Highly Hydrophobic ◽  
Lignosulfonic Acid

AbstractLignosulfonic acid (LS) has been applied both as dispersant and dopant for chemical polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT). EDOT is successfully polymerized in LS aqueous solutions, resulting in a water-dispersive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) conductive nanoparticle (PEDOT:LS). The structure, intermolecular interaction, and performance of the PEDOT:LS were investigated by ultraviolet-visible-Near-infrared spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and surface resistivity tester. Results were interpreted in a way that PEDOT:LS is a polyelectrolyte complex, in which the highly hydrophobic PEDOT is in the inner part of the particle and the LS-rich layer with high hydrophilicity is on its surface. During oxidizing reaction of EDOT to PEDOT in LS, the water-insoluble PEDOT product is adsorbed on the surface of water-soluble LS by electrostatic attraction and forms PEDOT:LS polyelectrolyte complexes. In this process, excess LS is needed to be adsorbed on the surface of PEDOT:LS complexes. The process is driven by π-π interaction to increase the water solubility and contributes to a continuous polymerization. The PEDOT:LS as coating has a good conductivity, transparency, humidity resistance, water resistance, and thermal stability and can be used as high-performance antistatic agents.

scholarly journals Effect of DMPA and Molecular Weight of Polyethylene Glycol on Water-Soluble Polyurethane

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyob Wondu ◽  
Hyun Woo Oh ◽  
Jooheon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Soft Segment ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

In this study water-soluble polyurethane (WSPU) was synthesized from isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and polyethylene glycol (PEG), 2-bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid or dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA), butane-1,4-diol (BD), and triethylamine (TEA) using an acetone process. The water solubility was investigated by solubilizing the polymer in water and measuring the contact angle and the results indicated that water solubility and contact angle tendency were increased as the molecular weight of the soft segment decreased, the amount of emulsifier was increased, and soft segment to hard segment ratio was lower. The contact angle of samples without emulsifier was greater than 87°, while that of with emulsifier was less than 67°, indicating a shift from highly hydrophobic to hydrophilic. The WSPU was also analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to identify the absorption of functional groups and further checked by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The molecular weight of WSPU was measured using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). The structure of the WSPU was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The thermal properties of WSPU were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

scholarly journals Enhanced Water Solubility and Oral Bioavailability of Paclitaxel Crystal Powders through an Innovative Antisolvent Precipitation Process: Antisolvent Crystallization Using Ionic Liquids as Solvent

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qilei Yang ◽  
Chang Zu ◽  
Wengang Li ◽  
Weiwei Wu ◽  
Yunlong Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Antisolvent Precipitation ◽  
Antisolvent Crystallization ◽  
Artificial Gastric Juice

Paclitaxel (PTX) is a poor water-soluble antineoplastic drug with significant antitumor activity. However, its low bioavailability is a major obstacle for its biomedical applications. Thus, this experiment is designed to prepare PTX crystal powders through an antisolvent precipitation process using 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (HMImBr) as solvent and water as an antisolvent. The factors influencing saturation solubility of PTX crystal powders in water in water were optimized using a single-factor design. The optimum conditions for the antisolvent precipitation process were as follows: 50 mg/mL concentration of the PTX solution, 25 °C temperature, and 1:7 solvent-to-antisolvent ratio. The PTX crystal powders were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and dissolution and oral bioavailability studies. Results showed that the chemical structure of PTX crystal powders were unchanged; however, precipitation of the crystalline structure changed. The dissolution test showed that the dissolution rate and solubility of PTX crystal powders were nearly 3.21-folds higher compared to raw PTX in water, and 1.27 times higher in artificial gastric juice. Meanwhile, the bioavailability of PTX crystal increased 10.88 times than raw PTX. These results suggested that PTX crystal powders might have potential value to become a new oral PTX formulation with high bioavailability.

scholarly journals Associated-Extraction Efficiency of Six Cyclodextrins on Various Flavonoids in Puerariae Lobatae Radix

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Feng ◽  
Fan Liu ◽  
Lili Sun ◽  
Hongna Huo ◽  
Xiaoliang Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cyclodextrin Derivatives ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Promising Application ◽  
Sulfobutyl Ether ◽  
Processed Products

Puerariae Lobatae Radix (PLR), a well-known herbal medicine, is the root of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi and has been employed for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to compare the associated-extraction efficiency of six cyclodextrins (CDs) on five flavonoids in PLR, namely puerarin, daidzein, daidzin, genistein and genistin, which are the major secondary metabolites, and exhibit low water solubility. The six CDs applied were β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HP-γ-CD), carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CM-β-CD), and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD). They can be grouped into one of the following three categories: traditional cyclodextrins (β-CD and γ-CD), water-soluble cyclodextrin derivatives (HP-β-CD and HP-γ-CD) and ionic cyclodextrin derivatives (SBE-β-CD and CM-β-CD). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze the five flavonoids in the original aqueous extracts (OAE) in the presence or absence of various CDs. The associated-extraction efficiency of the various CDs followed the ranking: SBE-β-CD > HP-β-CD > CM-β-CD > HP-γ-CD > γ-CD > β-CD. It was clear that SBE-β-CD presented the highest associated-extraction capability, and it was used to extract the four flavonoids from three PLR products, including raw product, stir- fried product, and product simmered with wheat bran. The results showed that SBE-β-CD could improve the extraction capability of flavonoids, both from the raw product and in processed products of PLR. In conclusion, CDs, especially SBE-β-CD, have a promising application for the associated-extraction of flavonoids from PLR.

scholarly journals Evaluation of VCAM-1 Targeted Naringenin/Indocyanine Green-Loaded Lipid Nanoemulsions as Theranostic Nanoplatforms in Inflammation

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1066
Author(s):  
Elena Valeria Fuior ◽  
Cristina Ana Mocanu ◽  
Mariana Deleanu ◽  
Geanina Voicu ◽  
Maria Anghelache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Reduced Water

Naringenin, an anti-inflammatory citrus flavonoid, is restrained from large-scale use by its reduced water solubility and bioavailability. To overcome these limitations, naringenin was loaded into lipid nanoemulsions directed towards vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, exposed by activated endothelium, and delivered intravenously in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. To follow the in vivo bio-distribution, naringenin-loaded nanoemulsions were labeled with near-infrared probe Indocyanine Green (ICG). Based on ICG fluorescence, a VCAM-1-dependent retention of nanoemulsions was detected in the heart and aorta, while ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) measurements showed a target-selective accumulation of naringenin in the heart and lungs. Correlated, fluorescence and UHPLC data indicated a mixed behavior of the VCAM-1 directed nanoparticles, which were driven not only by the targeting moiety but also by passive retention. The treatment with naringenin-loaded nanoemulsions reduced the mRNA levels of some inflammatory mediators in organs harvested from mice with acute inflammation, indicative of their anti-inflammatory potential. The data support a novel theranostic nanoplatform for inflammation, the naringenin/ICG-loaded nanoparticles that either by passive accumulation or effective targeting of the activated endothelium can be employed for imaging inflamed vascular areas and efficient delivery of the encapsulated therapeutic agent.

Low-cost automated biochemical phenotyping for optimised nutrient quality components in ryegrass breeding

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 888 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Pembleton ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
G. C. Spangenberg ◽  
J. W. Forster ◽  
N. O. I. Cogan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Use Efficiency

Quantification of forage quality is essential for the identification of elite genotypes in forage grass breeding. Perennial ryegrass is the most important temperate species for global pastoral agriculture. However, the protein content of ryegrass generally exceeds the requirements of a grazing animal, and the ratio of water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) to protein is too low for efficient protein utilisation. This results in poor nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in the farming system by livestock, and hence limits optimal animal production. New ryegrass cultivars with optimised WSC and protein content are desirable for farming efficiencies. Several methods are available for quantification of WSC and plant protein (such as near-infrared spectroscopy [NIRS] and high performance liquid chromatography [HPLC]). However, such methods are labour-intensive, low-throughput and cost-prohibitive for commercial breeding programs, which typically need to assess thousands of samples annually. An accurate high-throughput micro-plate-based protocol has been developed and validated, with the ability to simultaneously process and quantify WSC and plant protein with a high level of automation, and an increase in sample processing of ~10-fold compared with commonly-used methods, along with a 3-fold cost reduction. As WSC and protein are extracted simultaneously and quantified within micro-plates, consumable costs are minimised with optimal reagent use efficiency, resulting in a low per sample cost that is suitable for commercial pasture breeding companies. This is the first demonstration of a forage quality phenotyping protocol suitable for broad-scale application, and will allow breeders to select elite genotypes based not only on visual assessment but also on WSC : protein ratios for improved ruminant nutrition.

scholarly journals Aza-BODIPY Platform: Towards an Efficient Water-Soluble Bimodal Imaging Probe for MRI and Near-Infrared Fluorescence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oceane Flores ◽  
Jacques Pliquett ◽  
Laura Abad Galan ◽  
Robin Lescure ◽  
Franck Denat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Bimodal Imaging ◽  
Nmr Study ◽  
High Relaxivity ◽  
Imaging Application

<p>In this study, an original aza-BODIPY system comprising two Gd<sup>3+</sup> complexes has been designed and synthesized for magnetic resonance imaging/optical imaging application, by functionalization of the boron center. This strategy enabled to obtain a positively-charged bimodal probe, which displays an increased water-solubility, optimized photophysical properties in the near-infrared region, and very promising relaxometric properties. The absorption and emission wavelengths are 705 and 741 nm respectively, with a quantum yield of around 10 % in aqueous media. Moreover, the system does not produce singlet oxygen upon excitation, which would be toxic for tissues. The relaxivity obtained is high at intermediate fields (16.1 mM<sup>-1</sup>.s<sup>-1</sup> at 20 MHz and 310 K) and competes with that of bigger or more rigid systems. A full relaxometric and <sup>17</sup>O NMR study and fitting of the data using the Lipari-Szabo approach showed that this high relaxivity can be explained by the size of the system and the presence of some small aggregates. These optimized photophysical and relaxometric properties highlight the potential use of such systems for future bimodal imaging studies.</p>

Design and performance of bending-magnet beamline BL02B at the SSRF

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Meng ◽  
Zhi Guo ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Yong Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility ◽  
Excitation Spectra ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Focus Spot Size

The BL02B bending-magnet beamline at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) has been constructed and is now operational for ambient-pressure photoelectron spectroscopy (APPES) and photon-in/photon-out spectroscopy (PIPOS) experimental use. Optical optimization was implemented for realization of high performance, e.g. photon flux, energy-resolving power and focus spot size. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments show that the energy range extends from 40 to 2000 eV. Argon, nitrogen and neon gas core-shell excitation spectra indicate energy-resolving powers of over 1.4 × 104 @ 244 eV, 1.0 × 104 @ 401 eV and 7.0 × 103 @ 867 eV, respectively. The measured photon flux is 1.3 × 1011 photons s−1 @ E/ΔE = 3700 at 244 eV at the expected sample position, for the SSRF electron energy of 3.5 GeV and electron current of 240 mA. The spot sizes are 177 µm × 23 µm and 150 µm × 46 µm at the APPES and PIPOS samples, respectively.

Synthesis of Aromatic Disulfonic Acids for Water-Soluble Dibenzo­thiophene Derivatives

Synthesis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2359-2366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan McCulla ◽  
Sara Omlid ◽  
Ankita Isor ◽  
Kathryn Sulkowski ◽  
S. Chintala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Atomic Oxygen ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Flash Chromatography ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups

There is a need for efficient methods for the synthesis of water-soluble dibenzothiophene (DBT) and dibenzothiophene S-oxide (DBTO) derivatives to allow for the study of atomic oxygen in biological applications. Attaining water-solubility of aromatic compounds is effectively achieved through functionalization with sulfonic acid groups. Three approaches for the synthesis were considered. An indirect approach was unsuccessful. A modular approach was found to be highly effective for one DBTO disulfonic acid derivative (>99% pure). The direct approach was the most straightforward and highest-yielding route. Additionally, a highly effective, scalable, and improved purification method was identified for disulfonic acid DBT and DBTO derivatives, allowing for the isolation of positional isomers and other modifications by using reverse-phase high-performance flash chromatography.

scholarly journals Aza-BODIPY Platform: Towards an Efficient Water-Soluble Bimodal Imaging Probe for MRI and Near-Infrared Fluorescence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oceane Flores ◽  
Jacques Pliquett ◽  
Laura Abad Galan ◽  
Robin Lescure ◽  
Franck Denat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Bimodal Imaging ◽  
Nmr Study ◽  
High Relaxivity ◽  
Imaging Application

<p>In this study, an original aza-BODIPY system comprising two Gd<sup>3+</sup> complexes has been designed and synthesized for magnetic resonance imaging/optical imaging application, by functionalization of the boron center. This strategy enabled to obtain a positively-charged bimodal probe, which displays an increased water-solubility, optimized photophysical properties in the near-infrared region, and very promising relaxometric properties. The absorption and emission wavelengths are 705 and 741 nm respectively, with a quantum yield of around 10 % in aqueous media. Moreover, the system does not produce singlet oxygen upon excitation, which would be toxic for tissues. The relaxivity obtained is high at intermediate fields (16.1 mM<sup>-1</sup>.s<sup>-1</sup> at 20 MHz and 310 K) and competes with that of bigger or more rigid systems. A full relaxometric and <sup>17</sup>O NMR study and fitting of the data using the Lipari-Szabo approach showed that this high relaxivity can be explained by the size of the system and the presence of some small aggregates. These optimized photophysical and relaxometric properties highlight the potential use of such systems for future bimodal imaging studies.</p>

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