Investigation of bamboo pulp fiber-reinforced unsaturated polyester composites

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 967-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renhui Qiu ◽  
Wendi Liu ◽  
Kaichang Li
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Pulp Fiber ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Chemical Pulp ◽  
Bamboo Pulp ◽  
Bamboo Fibers

Abstract Mechanical pulp fibers (MPFs) and chemical pulp fibers (CPFs) from moso bamboo have been characterized in terms of their length and width distributions, and their reinforcing effects in unsaturated polyester (UPE) composites have also been investigated. CPF-UPE composites had much higher tensile strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus than MPF-UPE composites. CPF-UPE composites also absorbed less water than MPF-UPE composites. Treatments of the fibers with a combination of 1,6-diisocyanatohexane (DIH) and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) significantly increased the tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and water resistance of the resulting composites. Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicated that DIH-HEA was bound onto bamboo fibers (BFs) via carbamate linkages. The scanning electron microscopy images of the tensile-fractured surfaces of the composites revealed that the DIH-HEA treatments for BFs greatly improved the interfacial adhesion between the fibers and UPE resins.

Oxygen plasma treatment of bamboo fibers (BF) and its effects on the static and dynamic mechanical properties of BF-unsaturated polyester composites

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendi Liu ◽  
Tingting Chen ◽  
Tianshun Xie ◽  
Fuwen Lai ◽  
Renhui Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Oxygen Plasma ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Oxygen Plasma Treatment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Bamboo Fibers

Abstract A novel method for the preparation of bamboo fibers (BF) has been investigated that includes crushing, rolling, and other combing techniques with 1,4-butanediol as a dispersant. The fibers were treated by oxygen plasma to improve their interfacial adhesion to unsaturated polyester (UPE) resins. Composites were prepared from the plasma treated fibers (BFtr) and UPE by hand lay-up compression molding. BFtr significantly increased the tensile strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of the resulting BF-UPE composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the plasma treatment essentially increased the storage modulus and glass transition temperature of the composites. The damping parameter of the composites showed a decreasing trend in the glassy region, while the opposite was true for the rubbery region. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the treatment did not change the crystal structures within the fibers but increased slightly their crystallinity indices. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that the surface of BFtr had a higher oxygen concentration and oxygen/carbon ratio than that of BF. The scanning electron microscopy graphs of the tensile-fractured surface of the composites demonstrated an improved interfacial adhesion between BFtr and UPE resins.

scholarly journals Effect of Clay Addition on Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester/Glass Fiber Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusmono ◽  
Zainal Arifin Mohd Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Glass Fiber Composites

Unsaturated polyester (UP)/glass fiber/clay composites were prepared by hand layup method. The effect of clay loading on the morphological and mechanical properties of UP/glass fiber composites was investigated in this study. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize the structure of the composites. The mechanical properties of the composites were determined by tensile, flexural, unnotched Charpy impact and fracture toughness tests. XRD results indicated that the exfoliated structure was found in the composite containing 2 wt% of clay while the intercalated structure was obtained in the composite with 6 wt% of clay. The tensile strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of the composites were increased in the presence of clay. The optimum loading of clay in the UP/glass fiber composites was attained at 2 wt%, where the improvement in in tensile strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus was approximately 13, 21, and 11%, respectively. On the other hand, the highest values in impact toughness and fracture toughness were observed in the composites with 4 wt% of clay.

Research on Mechanical Properties of Several New Regenerated Cellulose Fibers

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 489-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Zhou ◽  
Ming Xia Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Regenerated Cellulose ◽  
Pulp Fiber ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Bast Fiber ◽  
Bamboo Pulp ◽  
Lyocell Fiber

Regenerated cellulose fiber is the most widely-used and most variety of cellulose fiber. Five categories and ten kinds of fibers such as lyocell fiber, modal fiber, bamboo pulp fiber, sheng-bast fiber, Outlast viscose fiber were chosen as the research object. The strength property and elasticity of fibers in dry and wet state were tested and analysis. The comprehensive performances of fabrics were studied and mechanical properties of the fibers were listed in the order from good to bad by grey clustering analysis. The results show lyocell G100 and lyocell LF have better comprehensive mechanical properties ,while other new regenerated cellulose fibers’ comprehensive mechanical properties are general. Among these fibers modal fiber’s comprehensive mechanical properties are slightly better than sheng-bast fibers’ and bamboo pulp fibers’. Modal fiber, sheng-bast fiber and Bamboo pulp fiber have no significantly poor single parameter and all of them have better comprehensive mechanical properties than various viscose fibers. Outlast viscose in which has been added phase change materials sensitive to temperature by Microcapsule techniques fundamentally keeps similar comprehensive mechanical properties with other regenerated cellulose fibers,but its properties decline slightly .

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Multimaterials ABS/PC Parts: Effect of Printing Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Pui-Voon Yap ◽  
Ming-Yeng Chan ◽  
Seong-Chun Koay
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Nozzle Diameter ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Printing Parameters ◽  
Printing Speed

This research work highlights the mechanical properties of multi-material by fused deposition modelling (FDM). The specimens for tensile and flexural test have been printed using polycarbonate (PC) material at different combinations of printing parameters. The effects of varied printing speed, infill density and nozzle diameter on the mechanical properties of specimens have been investigated. Multi-material specimens were fabricated with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) as the base material and PC as the reinforced material at the optimum printing parameter combination. The specimens were then subjected to mechanical testing to observe their tensile strength, Young’s modulus, percentage elongation, flexural strength and flexural modulus. The outcome of replacing half of ABS with PC to create a multi-material part has been examined. As demonstrated by the results, the optimum combination of printing parameters is 60 mm/s printing speed, 15% infill density and 0.8 mm nozzle diameter. The combination of ABS and PC materials as reinforcing material has improved the tensile strength (by 38.46%), Young’s modulus (by 23.40%), flexural strength (by 23.90%) and flexural modulus (by 37.33%) while reducing the ductility by 14.31% as compared to pure ABS. The results have been supported by data and graphs of the analysed specimens.

scholarly journals Effects of Irradiation by UV- Acceleration on Mechanical Properties of Polymer Blends (Polyester: Starch)

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihama I. Salih ◽  
Qahtan A. Hamad ◽  
Safaa N. Abdul Jabbar ◽  
Najat H. Sabit
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Elongation Percentage

This work covers mixing of unsaturated polyester (un- polyester) with starch powders as polymer blends and study the effects of irradiation by UV-acceleration on mechanical properties of its. The unsaturated polyester was mixing by starch powders at particle size less than (45 µm) at selected weight fraction of (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3%). These properties involve ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, elongation percentage, flexural modulus, flexural strength, fracture toughness, impact strength and hardness. The results illustrate decrease in the ultimate tensile strength at and elongation percentage, while increasing modulus of elasticity, with increasing the weight ratio of starch powder to 3 % weight fraction, whereas the maximum value of hardness and flexural, impact properties happened at 1 % weight fraction for types of polymer blends.

Study on Integrated Properties of PP Composites Filled with Rice Husks Powder

2011 ◽  
Vol 217-218 ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Xia He ◽  
Jun Jun Liu ◽  
Pan Fang Xue ◽  
Hong Yan Gu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Pp Composites

The influence of the rice husks powder (RHP) content and its particle size distribution on the composite’s tensile strength, fracturing elongation ratio, flexural strength and flexural elastic modulus has been investigated. Respective water absorption and thermal properties of PP composites incorporated with different proportion of RHP have also been analyzed. The microstructure of fractured surfaces was further observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the composites with RHP of 245 μm have higher mechanical properties. The tensile strength and fracturing elongation ratio decrease with the increase of RHP content, and reach peak values in 30% RHP content. Water absorption and volume expansion ratio of the composite increase with the increasing of RHP content. Flexural strength and flexural modulus decrease after water absorption. When PHR content is low, the RHP particles are well distributed and the interface of RHP and PP is smooth. When PHR content is higher, the RHP particles tend to agglomerate, leading to poorer interface and lower mechanical properties, the composite failed with brittle fracture.

Tensile and Flexural Properties of Casuarina equisetifolia Unsaturated Polyester Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borhan Nurulaini ◽  
Ahmad Zafir Romli ◽  
Mohd Hanafiah Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Casuarina Equisetifolia ◽  
Flexural Testing ◽  
Polyester Composites ◽  
Composite Samples ◽  
Weight Loading

This study is to determine the effects of tensile and flexural testing on the C.equisetifolia composite at different loading from 10 % to 50 % weight loading (wt%). The results for all composite samples on tensile strength and tensile modulus decreasing as the weight loadings of C.equisetifolia increases. However, the result from tensile modulus was not significant when the C.equisetifolia weight loadings increase in the composite. In addition, the result obtained from flexural modulus and strength at 20 % of C.equisetifolia weight loading, increased to 3.147GPa and 3.25 MPa respectively, while when C.equisetifolia weight loadings increase the results showed a decrease.

scholarly journals Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Biaxial and Triaxial Fabric and Composites Reinforced by Them

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1(133)) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Marcin Barburski ◽  
Mariusz Urbaniak ◽  
Sanjeeb Kumar Samal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Resin Matrix ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Aramid Fabrics ◽  
Properties Of Composites

In this article, the mechanical properties of biaxial and triaxial woven aramid fabric and respective reinforced composites were investigated. Both fabrics had the same mass/m2. The first part of the experimental investigation was focused on the mechanical properties of different non-laminated aramid fabrics (biaxial and triaxial). The second part was concerned with the mechanical properties of composites made of a different combination of layers of fabric reinforced with an epoxy resin matrix in the order of biaxial+biaxial, trixial+triaxial and biaxial+triaxial. The composites were tested for tensile strength, flexural strength, strain and Young’s and flexural modulus. It can be seen from the results that the density and direction of the yarns are the most important parameters for determination of the strength of the fabric reinforced composite. The biaxial composite clearly showed better tensile strength, while the bi-tri axial order showed good flexural strength compared to the other composite combinations. These fabric reinforced composites have suitable applications in the areas of medical, protection and in the automotive industries.

scholarly journals Impact of stone ground ‘V-fines’ dispersion and compatibilization on polyethylene wood plastic composites

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 6561-6575
Author(s):  
Kirsi Immonen ◽  
Erkki Saharinen ◽  
Ilkka Nurminen ◽  
Jari Sirviö ◽  
David Sandquist
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Mechanical Pulp ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Dispersing Agent

Recent studies have suggested that blocky mechanical pulp fines (CTMP fines) and fibrillar fines (SMC fines) have a negative impact on biocomposite modulus of rupture (MoR) in compression molded biocomposites. In addition, it was suggested that CTMP fines also have a negative impact on biocomposite modulus of elasticity (MoE). This study investigated whether these findings transfer to other types of cellulose fines material and injection molding. The effect of ‘V-fines’ addition to sawdust- and TMP-based biocomposites was analyzed, with respect to fines concentration, dispersing agent, and compatibilizers. The results indicated that the addition of ‘V-fines’ increased the stiffness (MoE) of all the analyzed compositions, while reducing the elongation at break. The addition of ‘V-fines’ reduced the tensile and flexural strength of TMP biocomposites, while it was largely unaffected for sawdust biocomposites. Flexural strength for neat ‘V-fines’ composites showed an increase that was proportional to the remaining pulp fibers composition. The addition of a dispersant agent to the ‘V-fines’ increased tensile strength, suggesting that an increased dispersion of the ‘V-fines’ can be achieved and is beneficial to the composite. The effects of the analyzed compatibilizer (polyethyleneoxide) was negligible, except for a small indication of increased MoE for fines / sawdust biocomposites.

Fold cracking of coated paper: The effect of pulp fiber composition and beating

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Jung Youn ◽  
Kyujeong Sim ◽  
Kyu Deok Oh ◽  
Hak Lae Lee ◽  
Chang Sun Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pulp Fiber ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Coated Paper ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽  
Base Paper

Abstract Fold cracking of coated papers has become important because of the increase in the coat weight and the content of low cost co-binder. The effects of base paper characteristics of coated paper were investigated to reduce fold cracking. We evaluated the fold cracking of coated paper prepared with different mixing ratios and beating degrees of pulp fibers. Hardwood bleached kraft pulp (Hw-BKP) and softwood bleached kraft pulp (Sw- BKP) were used to prepare base papers for coating. The mechanical and structural properties of base paper such as tensile strength, strain at break, short span compressive strength, and formation were measured. The fold cracking was affected by mixing ratio of pulp fibers. Base paper consisting of Hw-BKP and Sw-BKP at a 90:10 mixing ratio showed the least fold cracking. When the amount of Sw-BKP was greater than 10% or if only Hw- BKP was used, the fold cracking increased on coated paper. When the pulp was highly beaten, the mechanical strength of paper was improved, but the fold cracking was severe. An increase in the tensile strength did not reduce the fold cracking.

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