In situ polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 3-(methacryloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTES) in poplar cell wall to enhance its dimensional stability

Holzforschung ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoge Huang ◽  
Gaiyun Li ◽  
Fuxiang Chu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Alcoholic Solution ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Good Solubility ◽  
Modified Wood

Abstract Poplar wood samples (2×2×2 cm3) were vacuum/pressure impregnated in alcoholic solution with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 3-(methacryloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTES) in a mass ratio of 3/1 in the presence of catalytic amounts of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). Because of their good solubility and permeability, the HEMA/MAPTES precursors evenly penetrate the poplar cell wall. The impregnated samples were heated at 75°C for 8 h, followed by a heating period at 103±2°C for 8 h, in the course of which an in situ polymerization occurred in the cell wall. The modified wood was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the dimensional stability of the modified wood was measured and found to be considerably improved.

scholarly journals Improved Dimensional Stability and Mold Resistance of Bamboo via In Situ Growth of Poly(Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate-N-Isopropyl Acrylamide)

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1584
Author(s):  
Tingsong Liu ◽  
Wenhao Zhang ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate ◽  
In Situ Growth ◽  
Isopropyl Acrylamide ◽  
Mold Resistance

Bamboo is a natural and renewable building material but its application has been limited due to the low dimensional stability and poor durability against mold. In this study, monomers of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) were impregnated in bamboo to facilitate the in situ growth of poly-HEMA and NIPAM (PHN) copolymer. Prior to that, the effects of different reaction conditions, including the molar ratio of HEMA to NIPAM and their concentrations, the amount of initiator (ammonium persulfate, APS) and crosslinking agents (N,N′-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), and glutaric dialdehyde (GA)) on the swelling capacity of PHN were optimized. The formation of PHN was confirmed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, which shows the characteristics peaks of both HEMA and NIPAM, and increased pyrolysis and glass transition temperatures, respectively. After impregnation of PHN pre-polymerization formulation to bamboo, it was observed that PHN filled most of the pits in the bamboo cell wall and formed a tight network. Moreover, the dimensional stability of PHN treated bamboo was significantly improved with an anti-swelling efficiency of 49.4% and 41.7%, respectively, after wetting–drying and soaking–drying cycles. A mold infection rate of 13.5% was observed in PHN-treated bamboo as compared to a 100% infected control group after a 30-day mold resistance test. Combined results indicate that in situ polymerization of HEMA and NIPAM in bamboo is a promising method to develop exterior used bamboo products with enhanced dimensional stability and mold resistance.

Preparation and Characterization of Hexadecane Microcapsule Phase Change Materials by In Situ Polymerization

2013 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Qiu Song ◽  
Yue Xia Li ◽  
Jing Wen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Agitation Speed ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Mass Ratio

Hexadecane microcapsule phase change materials were prepared by the in-situ polymerization method using hexadecane as core materials, urea-formaldehyde resin and urea-formaldehyde resin modified with melamine as shell materials respectively. Effect of melamine on the properties of microcapsules was studied by FTIR, biomicroscopy (UBM), TGA and HPLC. The influences of system concentration, agitation speed and mass ratio of wall to core were also investigated. The results indicated that hexadecane was successfully coated by the two types of shell materials. The addition of melamine into the urea-formaldehyde resin microcapsule reduced microcapsule particle size and microencapsulation efficiency. The influences of factors such as system concentration, agitation speed and mass ratio of wall to core to different wall materials microcapsules presented different variety trends of the microcapsule particle size.

Synthesis and Characterization of the PANI/ITO Conducting Nanocomposites

2010 ◽  
Vol 663-665 ◽  
pp. 542-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Jie Zhu ◽  
Xin Wei Wang ◽  
Mei Fang Zhu ◽  
Qing Hong Zhang ◽  
Yao Gang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doping Concentration ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maximum Conductivity ◽  
Scanning Electron

The PANI/ITO conducting nanocomposites have been synthesized by in-situ polymerization. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction pattern, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared. Electrical conductivity measurements on the samples pressed into pellets showed that the maximum conductivity attained 2.0 ± 0.05 S/cm for PANI/ITO nanocomposites, at ITO doping concentration of 10 wt%. The results of the present work may provide a simple, rapid and efficient approach for preparing PANI/ITO nanocomposites.

Morphology of Polyethylene/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Prepared by In Situ Polymerization

2013 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 244-247
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Li Guang Xiao ◽  
Hong Kai Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reflection Peak ◽  
Basal Reflection ◽  
Scanning Electron

Polyethylene/montmorillonite (PE/MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization. The morphology of MMT/MgCl2/TiCl4 catalyst and PE/MMT nanocomposites was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It can be seen that MMT/MgCl2/TiCl4 catalyst remained the original MMT sheet structures and many holes were found in MMT and the morphology of PE/MMT nanocomposites is part of the sheet in the form of existence, as most of the petal structure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were carried out to characterize all the samples. XRD results reveal that the original basal reflection peak of PEI1 and PEI2 disappears completely and that of PEI3 become very weak. MMT/MgCl2/TiCl4 catalyst was finely dispersed in the PE matrix. Instead of being individually dispersed, most layers were found in thin stacks comprising several swollen layers.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF A POLYURETHANE/MONTMORILLONITE NANOCOMPOSITE FEATURING ORGANOMODIFICATION SYNTHESIZED VIA IN SITU POLYMERIZATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouhollah Bagheri ◽  
Reza Darvishi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Silicate Layer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
End Groups ◽  
Layer Sample ◽  
Silicate Layers

ABSTRACT In this study, polyurethane (PU)/organomodified montmorillonite (cloisite®30B) is synthesized via in situ polymerization by reaction of an ether-based prepolymer with the isocyanate end groups and adiamine chain extender (4, 4-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline)) in the presence of different amounts of nanoparticles dispersed in the prepolymer matrix by an ultrasonic mixer for 1 h. The synthesized polymers are cast on a pretreated carbon steel sheet and cured at 120 °C in an oven. The PU and its composites have been characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and mechanical testing. The XRD analysis of the cured samples containing 1 to 3 wt% cloisite30B showed intercalation segments in the silicate layers and exfoliation for 0.5 wt% nanoparticles. The highest mechanical properties were obtained using the cured exfoliated silicate layer sample. A twofold increase in the ultimate tensile strength and a 2.3 times increase in the adhesion strength were found for 0.5 wt% organoclay/PU as compared with that of pure PU. In addition, the exfoliated structure sample exhibited a 16% reduction in abrasion compared with that of pure PU.

Irradiation of poly(vinyl ester)/clay nanocomposites

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Mohaddespour ◽  
Seyed J Ahmadi ◽  
Hossein Abolghassemi ◽  
Seyed M Mahjoub ◽  
Saeid Atashrouz
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transition Electron Microscopy ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
Polymerization Method

The effect of electron beam irradiation on pristine poly(vinyl ester) and cured poly(vinyl ester)/clay nanocomposite with different clay contents is studied at irradiation doses ranging from 100 to 1000 kGy at room temperature. Poly(vinyl ester)/clay nanocomposites were prepared with different amounts of organically modified montmorillonite (1, 3, and 5 wt.%) by in situ polymerization method. Morphology properties of synthesized nanocomposites were studied by X-ray diffraction and transition electron microscopy. The irradiation dose up to 500 kGy yields an increase in Young’s modulus and tensile strength of nanocomposites while further irradiation deteriorates the mechanical strength of samples. Irradiation has no considerable influence on the surface hardness of synthesized nanocomposites. Thermogravimetric analysis results reveal the thermal stability of poly(vinyl ester), and its nanocomposites is improved with irradiation up to 500 kGy. However, similar to mechanical perdition at 1000 kGy irradiation, thermal resistance of nanocomposites decreases. The enhancement in mechanical and thermal properties of synthesized nanocomposites is attributed to the cross-linking effect as bonds can be formed directly between the neighbouring chains.

In Situ Polymerization and Characterization of Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Layered Double Hydroxide Nanocomposites

2012 ◽  
Vol 557-559 ◽  
pp. 371-374
Author(s):  
Lian Liu ◽  
Teng Yu ◽  
Pei Wang ◽  
Guang Shuo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Layered Double Hydroxide ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Absorbance Peak ◽  
Double Hydroxide

Nanocomposites of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and layered double hydroxide (LDH) were prepared by in situ polymerization at low LDHs loadings in this work. The resultants were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis). FTIR showed that the PCL/LDHs nanocomposites were prepared successfully by in situ polymerization and XRD spectra showed that the crystal structure did not change greatly in the presence of LDHS. DSC results confirmed that LDHs could act as nucleating agents. UV-vis spectra showed that LDHs had stronger absorbance peak than LDH. Moreover, the PCL/LDHs nanocomposites had strong anti-ultraviolet effect by introduction of LDHs into polymer matrix.

IN SITU SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND FREQUENCY DEPENDENT AC CONDUCTIVITY OF POLYANILINE/CoFe2O4 NANOCOMPOSITES

2011 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. PRASANNA ◽  
H. S. JAYANNA
Keyword(s):  
Ac Conductivity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
In Situ Synthesis ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrograph ◽  
X Ray

The polyaniline (PANI)/ CoFe2O4 nanocomposites were prepared by an In Situ polymerization of aniline in an aqueous solution. The composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum,thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron micrograph (SEM). The AC conductivity and dielectric properties of these composites were investigated in the frequency range 1 kHz–10 MHz at room temperature. The AC conductivity was found to be constant up to 1 MHz and thereafter it increases steeply and it was observed maximum for the PANI with 60 wt% of CoFe2O4 nanocomposite. At lower frequencies the values of dielectric constant is maximum for pure CoFe2O4 nanoparticles.

scholarly journals The In Situ Polymerization and Characterization of PA6/LiCl Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Sun ◽  
Jiang Li ◽  
Qinghua Pan ◽  
Chaowei Hao ◽  
Guoqiao Lai
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Anionic Polymerization ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phase Proportion

PA6/LiCl composites were synthesized by in situ anionic polymerization based on the interaction between the inorganic salts and PA6. Sodium hydroxide as initiator and N-acetylcaprolactam as activator were used in the preparation of PA6/LiCl composites with variety of LiCl content. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) testing results showed that both of degree of crystallinity and melting temperature of the composites were decreased under the influence of LiCl. And theγcrystal phase proportion increased with increasing the LiCl content to appropriate amount.

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