scholarly journals Augmented Reality for Future Mobility: Insights from a Literature Review and HCI Workshop

i-com ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-318
Author(s):  
Andreas Riegler ◽  
Andreas Riener ◽  
Clemens Holzmann
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Enabling Technology ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
The Past ◽  
Road Users

Abstract There is a growing body of research in the field of interaction between drivers/passengers and automated vehicles using augmented reality (AR) technology. Furthering the advancements and availability of AR, the number of use cases in and around vehicles rises. Our literature review reveals that in the past, AR research focussed on increasing road safety and displaying navigational aids, however, more recent research explores the support of immersive (non-)driving related activities, and finally enhance driving and passenger experiences, as well as assist other road users through external human-machine interfaces (HMIs). AR may also be the enabling technology to increase trust and acceptance in automated vehicles through explainable artificial intelligence (AI), and therefore help on the shift from manual to automated driving. We organized a workshop addressing AR in automotive human-computer interaction (HCI) design, and identified a number of challenges including human factors issues that need to be tackled, as well as opportunities and practical usages of AR in future mobility. We believe that our status-quo literature analysis and future-oriented workshop results can serve as a research agenda for user interface designers and researchers when developing automotive AR interfaces.

scholarly journals Innovation measurement: An extensive literature analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 05003
Author(s):  
Katarina Janoskova ◽  
Pavol Kral
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Innovation Measurement ◽  
A Company

Research background: There is no doubt that innovation is an important source of a company´s competitiveness, but it is very difficult to measure the extent to which it contributes to the growth of competitiveness. Opponents of measuring innovation argue that measuring innovation is a measurement of the immeasurable. How to measure innovations and is it possible to measure innovations, is a question constantly posed by academics, managers, and economists all over the world. To find answer to these questions, this review article analyses scientific publications on innovation measurement published between 1968 and 2021. Purpose of the article: The main purpose of this article is to increase the understanding of the metrics landscape and to identify differences in the methods used in the past and present with emphasis on identification of statistical and econometric methods used to study innovation. Methods: To achieve the purpose of the article, literature review as a method of qualitative research was used. Data for literature review were gained from the Web of Science database. Findings & Value added: The analysis finds several metrics that can be used for evaluation of company´s innovation. The results can helps managers, academics, and economists to better understand the innovation measurement..

scholarly journals Addressing inequal risk exposure in the development of automated vehicles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Different Types

AbstractAutomated vehicles (AVs) are expected to operate on public roads, together with non-automated vehicles and other road users such as pedestrians or bicycles. Recent ethical reports and guidelines raise worries that AVs will introduce injustice or reinforce existing social inequalities in road traffic. One major injustice concern in today’s traffic is that different types of road users are exposed differently to risks of corporal harm. In the first part of the paper, we discuss the responsibility of AV developers to address existing injustice concerns regarding risk exposure as well as approaches on how to fulfill the responsibility for a fairer distribution of risk. In contrast to popular approaches on the ethics of risk distribution in unavoidable accident cases, we focus on low and moderate risk situations, referred to as routine driving. For routine driving, the obligation to distribute risks fairly must be discussed in the context of risk-taking and risk-acceptance, balancing safety objectives of occupants and other road users with driving utility. In the second part of the paper, we present a typical architecture for decentralized automated driving which contains a dedicated module for real-time risk estimation and management. We examine how risk estimation modules can be adjusted and parameterized to redress some inequalities.

Trust in Automation as a Matter of Media Influence and Experi-ence of Automated Vehicles

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 2024-2028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Feldhütter ◽  
Christian Gold ◽  
Adrian Hüger ◽  
Klaus Bengler
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Trust In Automation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Media ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Highly Automated Driving

Highly automated vehicles (HAV), which could help to enhance road safety and efficiency, are very likely to enter the market within the next decades. To have an impact, these systems need to be purchased, which is a matter of trust and acceptance. These factors are dependent on the level of information that one has about such systems. One important source of information is various media, such as newspapers, magazines and videos, in which highly automated driving (HAD) is currently a frequent topic of discussion. To evaluate the influence of media on the perception of HAD, 31 participants were presented with three different types of media addressing HAD in a neutral manner. Afterwards, the participants experienced HAD in the driving simulator. In between these steps, the participants completed questionnaires assessing comfort, trust in automation, increase in safety, intention to use and other factors in order to analyze the effect of the media and the driving simulation experience. Results indicate that the perception of some aspects of HAD were affected by the media presented, while experiencing HAD in the driving simulator generally did not have an effect on the attitude of the participants. Other aspects, such as trust, were not affected by either media or experience. In addition, gender-related differences in the perception of HAD were found.

Unsettled Issues Regarding Communication of Automated Vehicles with Other Road Users

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Beiker ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Planning Organizations ◽  
Telecommunication Companies ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Multiple Scenarios

The focus of this SAE EDGE™ Research Report is to address a topic overlooked by many who choose to view automated driving systems and AVs from a “10,000-foot” perspective: how automated vehicles (AVs) will actually communicate with other road users. Conventional (human-driven) vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians already have a functioning system of understating each other while on the move. Adding automated vehicles to the mix requires assessing the spectrum of existing modes of communication – both implicit and explicit, biological and technological, and how they will interact with each other in the real world. The impending deployment of AVs represents a major shift in the traditional approach to ground transportation; its effects will inevitably be felt by parties directly involved with the vehicle manufacturing and use and those that play roles in the mobility ecosystem (e.g., aftermarket and maintenance industries, infrastructure and planning organizations, automotive insurance providers, marketers, telecommunication companies). Unsettled Issues Regarding Communication of Automated Vehicles with Other Road Users brings together the multiple scenarios we are likely to see in a future not too far away and how they are likely to play out in practical ways.

scholarly journals Serious Games and Gamification: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akif Quddus Khan ◽  
Salman Khan ◽  
Utkurbek Safaev
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Teaching Physics

Keeping in mind the increasing trend and need for serious games in science education, we have done a systematic literature review. These papers show the trends and patterns of research carried out in this field from the year 2011 to 2020. Specifically, we investigated country-wise concentration and the most common evaluation methods. Literature is reviewed from IEEEexplore, Springer, and Scopus. Moreover, we discussed the role of Augmented Reality(AR) games in teaching physics. Lastly, we have discussed the positive and negative aspects of serious games in science education in particular, and the trend of using serious games in the past decade in education in general.

scholarly journals An approach to organizing the transition of vehicle control from an automated driving system to a person

Doklady BGUIR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
V. A. Dubovsky ◽  
V. V. Savchenko
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Driving System ◽  
Psychophysiological State ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Level Monitoring

The analysis of trends in the development of the automotive industry and well-known methods of automating vehicle control served the basis for us to propose an approach to organizing the transfer of vehicle control from an automated driving system to a person. The approach involves monitoring the vehicle performance and the systems that provide automated driving, the state of the environment and the driver's psychophysiological state, as well as road conditions on the upcoming path, predicting the place and time of transition of control to the driver, determining and regulating his/her readiness to take control if necessary. This approach is peculiar for in time of automated driving, the minimum level of the driver's readiness to operate the vehicle is constantly maintained, which is brought to optimal within a certain time before the scheduled transition to manual control. This two-level monitoring of the condition of drivers of highly automated vehicles will improve road safety both in cases of predicted and unexpected need for an emergency transition from automated to manual driving. The aim of the work is to develop a methodology for improving road safety with highly automated vehicles involved.

scholarly journals Why do we make safe behaviour so hard for drivers?

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
Road User ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Road System

Despite significant improvements in road safety in Australia and developed countries over some decades, the downward trend in fatalities and serious injuries has slowed markedly, and even stalled. New strategies are needed to turn this trend around. Current road safety philosophy, the Safe System, has been effective, but needs broadening to increase the scope of solutions. The Safe System accepts that road users make errors and that the road system should be forgiving of those errors. This leads to countermeasures that emphasise limiting consequences of crashes like lowered speeds, crashworthy vehicles and roads. The problem is that conceptualising road-user error as inevitable ignores the fact that many road-user errors are caused by poor design of the road system including roads, vehicles and road rules. It means road safety overlooks productive avenues for prevention of road-user error and crashes. This paper discusses this issue with Safe System and provides examples of poor road system design that make it difficult for road users to behave safely. This includes poor road rules like inappropriate speed limits, inadequate road design such as poor signage and confusing lane-marking, inadequate vehicle design that limits vision or provides false visual information, as well as problems with driver-assistive technologies: cruise control, automated driving and warning systems. In each case the paper discusses how poor design fails to account for human capacities making it hard for road-users to behave safely. Importantly the paper looks at solutions to these problems and provides some new principles for Safe System.

A Systematic Review of Augmented Reality Applications for Automated Driving: 2009–2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-80
Author(s):  
Andreas Riegler ◽  
Andreas Riener ◽  
Clemens Holzmann
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Driving Simulators ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Driving Assistance ◽  
The Status ◽  
Vehicle Automation ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract While augmented reality (AR) interfaces have been researched extensively over the last decades, studies on their application in vehicles have only recently advanced. In this paper, we systematically review 12 years of AR research in the context of automated driving (AD), from 2009 to 2020. Due to the multitude of possibilities for studies with regard to AR technology, at present, the pool of findings is heterogeneous and non-transparent. From a review of the literature we identified N = 156 papers with the goal to analyze the status quo of existing AR studies in AD, and to classify the related literature into application areas. We provide insights into the utilization of AR technology used at different levels of vehicle automation, and for different users (drivers, passengers, pedestrians) and tasks. Results show that most studies focused on safety aspects, driving assistance, and designing non-driving related tasks. AR navigation, trust in automated vehicles (AVs), and interaction experiences also marked a significant portion of the published papers, however a wide range of different parameters was investigated by researchers. Among other things, we find that there is a growing trend toward simulating AR content within virtual driving simulators. We conclude with a discussion of open challenges, and give recommendation for future research in automated driving at the AR side of the reality-virtuality continuum.

scholarly journals New method of predicting the occurrence of road accidents in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerii Vyrozhemskyi ◽  
Liudmyla Nahrebelna ◽  
Minenko Yevhen ◽  
Nataliia Bidnenko
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Accident Data

Insufficient road safety level remains a serious problem in Ukraine. The number of people killed in road accidents in 2018 per 100 thousand of population is 9,11, while in the countries of the European Union, on average, this indicator is 5-6 deaths per 100 thousand of population. The growing number of vehicles and road users increases the likelihood of road accidents and, accordingly, the number of the suffered people increases. This regularity can be noted not only in our country, but also in the countries over the world. Method of prospective extrapolation is proposed for the prevention of road accidents which makes it possible to transfer the trends and links connected with the occurrence of road accidents in the past to the current period and for the future. To apply this method, it is necessary to have a qualitative statistical analysis of the road accident data. This provides an opportunity to foresee the occurrence of a particular type of accident, its location and the causes affecting its occurrence. By using the prospective extrapolation method, it is possible to reduce the number of road accidents and the severity of their consequences, including reducing the number of fatal accidents to a minimum.

A literature review on firms' internationalisation through e-commerce

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-143
Author(s):  
Riccardo Resciniti ◽  
Federica De Vanna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
International Business ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

The rise of e-commerce has brought considerable changes to the relationship between firms and consumers, especially within international business. Hence, understanding the use of such means for entering foreign markets has become critical for companies. However, the research on this issue is new and so it is important to evaluate what has been studied in the past. In this study, we conduct a systematic review of e-commerce and internationalisation studies to explicate how firms use e-commerce to enter new markets and to export. The studies are classified by theories and methods used in the literature. Moreover, we draw upon the internationalisation decision process (antecedents-modalities-consequences) to propose an integrative framework for understanding the role of e-commerce in internationalisation

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