scholarly journals Blood pressure distribution in relation with age, anthropometric measurements and socio economic status among school children of Warangal city, Telangana, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1566
Author(s):  
Mohd Sirazuddin ◽  
Najma Farheen ◽  
Shirisha Navley
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
School Children ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension

Background: Hypertension is the one major global burden disease, causes 7.5 million deaths i.e.12.8%. Coronary Heart Disease Prevails 3-4% rural and 8-10% of urban population under 20 year’s age in India. Two fold rise in rural & six fold rise in urban areas since four decades. Environmental and Genetic factors i.e. Sex, BSA, obesity, family history of hypertension, dietary habits, physical activity, stress, race, ethnicity and socio economic status influence on children and adolescent. Many studies have established normal standards of BP for the children of different ages and races in their countries. Indian children cannot be adopted due to differences in ethnic, socio-economic, dietetic, environmental and emotional factors.Methods: A cross sectional study done with 2422 children of 5 to 16 years age school children, selected from 13 Schools (Government and Private) of Urban and Rural areas of Warangal.Results: A linear increase in mean BP with age, sex, weight, height, social status and locality. DBP has strong negative correlation with sex. i.e. female have high DBP and children of lower class and rural area has high DBP. 54 children <85th and 95th percentile and 5 children >95th percentile has comparatively high mean BP, 27 children with history of Hypertension in parents are >85th and 95th percentiles. Positive correlation with BMI in both sexes studied. A multivariate regression study confers positive strong correlation of Mean SBP and DBP with anthropometry.Conclusions: Observed similar results of SBP and DBP in both sexes, linear Increase in mean SBP and DBP with increasing age, weight, height and BMI. Family history of hypertension and high SES had direct correlation to SBP and DBP; class I SES has higher Mean SBP than class III SES.

Determinants of substance use among young people attending an urban primary health center in Delhi

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Mogan ◽  
U Venkatesh ◽  
Richa Kapoor ◽  
Mukesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Family History ◽  
Young People ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Primary Health Center ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Substance Involvement

AbstractIntroductionSubstance abuse remains one of the major challenges in young people, as it is one of the top five causes of disability-adjusted life years (DALY). The present study aims to find the prevalence and determinants of substance use among young people attending an urban primary health center in Delhi.MethodologySystematic random sampling was used to enroll the calculated sample size of 190. Substance use was assessed using ASSIST (an Alcohol Smoking Substance Involvement Screening Tool) and brief intervention was given based on the standard guidelines of ASSIST. The total score among the substance users is calculated and divided into Grades 1, 2 or 3. Log binomial regression was performed to quantify the association between substance use and covariates such as age, sex, education, occupation, family history of substance use, socio-economic status and family type. The association was expressed in odds ratio (OR) with 95 percent confidence interval (CI).ResultThe mean age of study participants was 18.6 ± 4.1, ranges from 10 to 24 years. Out of 48 substance users, 43.7% were consuming only tobacco, 22.9% were consuming only alcohol and 33.3% were polysubstance users. The history of substance use among family members of participants was found to be 46.3%. Median substance involvement score of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis users was 19 (IQR: 14.5–22), 19 (IQR: 13.5–25) and 22.5 (IQR: 22–23), respectively. Among tobacco users, 2.7% were Grade 1 and 7.2% were Grade 2. Four (16%), 20 (80%) and one (4%) of alcohol users were Grades 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Among the cannabis users, four (100%) were in the Grade 2 category. The median age of initiation of substance use among users was 16 (range 13–21) years. The analysis shows substance use was almost 25 times (adjusted OR = 25.84, 95% CI 5.65–118.09) more common among males and it increase by 2.5 times with a decrease in socio-economic status (adjusted OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.27–5.02) and the result is significant. The substance use was almost 7 times higher when there is a family history of substance usage (adjusted OR = 7.40, 95% CI 2.15–25.4). Residential and marital status were not significantly associated with substance use.ConclusionMale sex, lower socio-economic status, participants currently not going to school/college, family history of substance use were found to be significant predictors of substance use among the study participants.

scholarly journals Childhood hypertension and family history of hypertension in primary school children in Port Harcourt

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-188
Author(s):  
BAN Okoh ◽  
EAD Alikor
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family History ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
Childhood Hypertension

Objective: To determine the relationship between childhood hypertension and family history of hypertension in primary school children in Port Harcourt.Methods: A stratified multi-staged sampling technique was used torecruit pupils between 6-12 years of age, from thirteen primary schoolslocated in three school districts. Data was collected using a pretestedquestionnaire completed by parents / guardians. The average of three blood pressure measurements, weight and height were taken for each pupil, using standardized techniques. Hypertension was defined as average systolic and / or diastolic blood pressure greater than or equalto the 95th percentile for age, gender and height using the standard bloodpressure charts. Family history of hypertension was defined as eitherparent indicating on the submitted questionnaire that they were hypertensive (diagnosed by a physician and/or on antihypertensive drugs)or had a family history of hypertension.Results: A total of 1302 pupils with 717 (55.1%) females and 585(44.9%) males were studied, giving a female to male ratio of 1.2:1. Themean age of pupils studied was 8.82±1.91 years. Sixty one (4.7%)of the pupils examined had hypertension. Of the 1302 pupils, 316(24.3%) had a family history of hypertension. The mean systolic(p<0.001) and diastolic (p=0.220) blood pressures were higher in childrenwith a family history of hypertension than in those without. Ofthe pupils that had a family history of hypertension, 7.9% had  hypertension, while 3.7% of those that did not have a family history, werefound to be hypertensive (p=0.001).Conclusion: A family history of hypertension was associated with a higher prevalence of childhood hypertension than was seen in children without a family history of hypertension.Key words: Childhood Hypertension, Family history.

scholarly journals Evaluation of blood pressure in school children aged 12-16 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1218
Author(s):  
Balakrishnan Nadesan ◽  
Mani Madhavan Sachithananthamoorthi ◽  
Sivaraman Thirumalaikumarasamy ◽  
Ezhilarasu Ramalingam
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family History ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
School Children ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension

Background: Hypertension is considered as a major health issue in developed as well as developing countries and its possible origin during childhood prompts pediatricians to routinely include measurement of blood pressure (BP) as an integral part of pediatric physical examination. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the normal range of blood pressure in adolescent school going students of 12-16 years, prevalence of hypertension and relationship of BP with variables like age, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status and family history of hypertension.Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken for a period of one year in adolescent school children in age groups between 12-16 years. Detailed clinical examination was done in 1060 adolescent school children and BP was recorded in right upper limb and correlation of BP with BMI, family history of hypertension and diabetes were studied.Results: Mean systolic and diastolic pressure showed linear relationship with age. There was a highly statistically significant difference between mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure between lower and middle socio-economic class. Prevalence of obesity in our study was 1.13%, overweight was 7.83%. Prevalence of hypertension in obese children was 33.33% and in overweight children 18.07%. Family history of hypertension and diabetes carry a significant correlation with elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adolescents.Conclusions: This study revealed that socio economic factors play a significant role in determining the blood pressure of the individual. Children of middle class have significantly elevated mean systolic pressure and mean diastolic pressure than low socio-economic groups. 

Red blood cell Na content, Na, Li-countertransport, family history of hypertension and blood pressure in school children

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Trevisan ◽  
Pasquale Strazzullo ◽  
Francesco Paolo Cappuccio ◽  
Michele Roberto Di Muro ◽  
Stefano De Colle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family History ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
School Children ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension

scholarly journals Cataract and its risk factor among adults residing in South Bihar, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2618
Author(s):  
Shiwani Gupta ◽  
Animesh Gupta ◽  
M. Nehal ◽  
Kalyani Pandey ◽  
Ananta Kreesna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
History Of

Background: Cataract is considered as one of the most common causes of visual impairment and the leading cause of blindness in the world. Age related cataract occurs in people above 50 years of age and the its pathogenesis is multifactorial. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors for cataract.Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted among adults residing at urban areas of South Bihar. The data was collected by interview method, using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire which contains socio-demographic data, dietary habits, history of diabetes or hypertension, family history of cataract and long-term sun exposure.Results: Among 240 participants, 94 (39.2%) were male and 146 (60.8%) were female. Maximum participants were aged more than 70 years. The prevalence of cataract was 52.1%.Conclusions: The prevalence of cataract was quite high and was significantly associated with age, long term sun exposure and family history of cataract.

scholarly journals Study of some epidemiological aspects of seizure disorders among children in rural area of a district

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2888
Author(s):  
Pralhad Sureshrao Potdar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Seizure Disorder ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Seizure Disorders ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
History Of

Background: Seizures are the most common paediatric neurologic disorder, with 4% to 10% of children suffering at least one seizure in the first 16 years of life. Most seizures occur before age 3 years.Methods: The present study was undertaken with an objective to study prevalence of seizure disorders among the children aged 14 years and below in rural area of a district and to study some socio-demographic factors and some risk factors associated with it among the study subjects. This was a community based cross-sectional descriptive study.Results: The prevalence of seizure disorder in the area studied was 10.84%. Of the total 1200 subjects examined, 52.67% were males and 47.33% were females. Mean age of the study population was 6.48±3.33 years, median was 6 years. Age, sex, family history, and socio-economic status were highly statistically significant with risk of seizure disorders (p<0.01). H/o Head injury, H/o CNS infection were statistically age, sex, family history of seizure disorders and socio-economic status were independently associated with risk of seizure disorders (p<0.01).Conclusions: prevalence of seizure disorder in the area studied was 10.84%.Significant association was observed between seizure disorder and age, sex, socio economic status, family history of seizure disorder, h/o infections and h/o head injury. Further research is needed to better understand the intricate relationship among socio-demographic risk factors and seizure disorders in order to ensure the best possible outcomes for individuals with seizure disorders.

scholarly journals The study of blood pressure profile among school going adolescents in urban Agra

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2891
Author(s):  
Akash K. Singh ◽  
Sunil K. Misra ◽  
Shailendra S. Chaudhary ◽  
Geetu Singh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family History ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Pressure Profile ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Blood Pressure Profile ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension

Background: Hypertension once considered a problem of adults only in the high income countries, now dramatically is on the rise in low and middle income countries. An established predictor of adult hypertension and organ damage is childhood hypertension. Thus for the control, effective treatment and prevention of its complications, early diagnosis of hypertension in adolescents in an important strategy. The objective was to study the blood pressure profile and its socio-demographic determinants among school going adolescents in urban Agra.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done among 534 adolescent in age group of 13-18 years studying in various government and private schools in urban Agra. Socio demographic details, anthropometric measurements and family history of hypertension were obtained. Also the dietary habits, physical activity, mode of transport to school were included in the present study. Blood pressure was measured at 0 and 30 minutes and average of two readings was taken as the final reading of that individual.Results: It was found that 49.82% of the study subjects had above normal blood pressure and among them 21.16% were hypertensive and 28.66% had pre-hypertension. Higher blood pressure showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) association with gender, age, dietary habits, physical activity, body mass index, and parental history of hypertension.Conclusions: Hypertension among the adolescent age group was very high. Prevalence of high blood pressure significantly associated with age, gender, family history of hypertension, physical activity, type of school and dietary habits.

scholarly journals Dietary practices of school children in Sindh, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Aziz ◽  
Mehak Pervaiz ◽  
Ayesha Khalid ◽  
Ayesha Zahid Khan ◽  
Ghazala Rafique
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
School Children ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Food Items ◽  
School Based ◽  
Rich Food ◽  
Protein Rich

Background: Malnutrition in Pakistan has remained an unresolved issue for decades. Data on nutrient intake and variety in children’s diet is lacking. Aim: This paper describes the dietary practices of school children across eight districts of Sindh. Methods: A school-based survey of dietary practices among 1109 students from classes 2–5 in 36 schools was conducted using a pre-tested interviewer-completed questionnaire. Results: Descriptive and comparative analysis of data showed that more than 75% school children ate breakfast, lunch and dinner regularly. However, 10% children skipped breakfast and nearly one-third of them skipped mid-morning and evening snacks. Skipping breakfast and snacks was related to low socio-economic status and rural residence. Children’s intake of protein-rich food items and fruits also illustrated that urban residence and better socio-economic status have a positive effect on the frequency and variety of daily protein and fruit intake. Though affordability and geographic location were key determinants of children’s dietary practices, significantly higher percentages of children studying in class 2, 3 and 4 consumed different kinds of protein-rich food items, fruits and vegetables more frequently as opposed to children studying in class 5. Junk food consumption was more common in urban areas and better socio-economic strata. Conclusion: Development of school-based nutrition education programmes and behavior change strategies emphasizing the regular intake of meals and nutrient-rich snacks, and encouraging consumption of easily available and affordable food items such as dried seeds, fruits, vegetables, milk and its derivatives is essential for addressing nutrient deficiencies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors amongst antenatal women attending urban health centre of Rajkot City, Gujarat

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 3033
Author(s):  
Nirav K. Nimavat ◽  
Roma S. Dadwani ◽  
Girija P. Kartha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Urban Health ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
History Of

Background: Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) vary widely depending on the region of the country, dietary habits, and socio-economic status. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of GDM and risk factors associated with it, in women attending an antenatal care (ANC) clinic at urban health training center in Rajkot city, Gujarat.Methods: This study enrolled women, with estimated gestational age between 24 and 28 week, attending UHC in Rajkot. After informing, women who consented to participate were given a standardized 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). A proforma containing general information on demographic characteristics, socio-economic status, education level, parity, family history of diabetes and/or hypertension was filled up. Diabetes in pregnancy study group India (DIPSI) criteria for 75 g 2-h OGTT was used for diagnosing GDM.Results: Total of 366 women participated in the study and GDM was diagnosed in 36 (9.8%) women. Age, parity, BMI, family history of DM and hypertension were accessed and found to be not significant. History of hypertension in previous pregnancy was statistically significant with occurrence of GDM in present pregnancy.Conclusions: The prevalence of GDM was found to be 9.8 per cent in a UHC, Rajkot. Appropriate interventions are required for control of GDM and modifications of risk factors. 

scholarly journals Determinants and prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in pre-school children of Duwakot, Bhaktapur

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Sushil Kharel ◽  
Binod Raut
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Adverse dietary patterns and sedentary lifestyle predispose to overweight-related non-communicable diseases both in children and in adults. In Nepal, childhood overweight is one rapidly growing public health concern in the urban areas. Many studies have focused on the relationship between overweight and its associated risk factors. We aimed to find the prevalence of overweight including obesity and its determinants in pre-school children aged 2 to 4 years in Duwakot community, Bhaktapur.. Materials and methods: In a community-based cross-sectional survey, total 122 pre-school children both males and females of age between 2-4 years were studied. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on socioeconomic characteristics and life style factors of children. WHO Anthro Software Version 3.2.2 was used for analyzing anthropometric parameters of the children. Results: The prevalence of overweight in pre-school children was 13.9%. The prevalence of overweight including obesity was significantly higher among male children (17.7%) than female children (10%). The study revealed that overweight was significantly associated with sedentary lifestyles of children and higher socio-economic status of the family. Conclusions: The magnitude of overweight is big and increasing rapidly in Nepal due to sedentary lifestyles and improper dietary habits among pre-school children, especially in the cities. Proper interventions should be implemented to minimize the overweight among pre-school children in order to avoid further health ailments in future.

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